Difficulties of enterprises constitute negative phenomenon in society. They occur so often that both French and Czech legislator decided to regulate them by adoption of relevant legal provisions that offer particular ways of solution of debtor's bankruptcy. Bankruptcy law, term generally denoting this legal area, passed through "rich" historical development, what reflects in its legal, economic and social framework. Thesis is divided into four parts. The first one briefly defines difficulties of enterprises. The second one deals with different ways of solution of debtor's bankruptcy in French law, introduces principal changes that were made by the latest amendments from the area of bankruptcy law and by means of attached statistics illustrates number of bankruptcies and ways of their "treatment" in France. The third part deals with Czech insolvency law and underlines changes introduced by the new law of bankruptcy and ways of its solution that entirely replaced previous "law about bankruptcy and settlement". The last part summarizes findings of my thesis, proposes eventual ways of mutual inspiration derived from French or Czech bankruptcy law, deals with reflections de lege ferenda and outlines some terminological problems.