Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-31).

Bibliography: leaves 63-66. / This paper reports on a literature-based survey of the theory and practise of life-cycle assessment (LCA) in the car manufacturing industry. Three levels of investigation were conducted, ranging from a broad industry scan, to a focus on four exemplary practitioners of LCA: DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen, Volvo and BMW who becomes the subject of a detailed scan. Only 4 of the 21 companies surveyed in the broad scan are practising LCA. A greater proportion of car manufacturers must practise LCA if the industry hopes to achieve the UNEP challenge of enhancing car life-cycle ecoefficieny.

No description available.

Changes in the environment require a range of responses and adaptations at different levels. One of the levels where adaptation is needed is at the community level in developing countries. This research evaluated the effectiveness of participatory video when used to articulate and communicate messages of adaptation to environmental change.

No description available.

Includes bibliographical references. / The study of land use change and urban morphology requires a multi-layered approach. Case studies are needed to gain an understanding of the local factors that are driving land use change and forming urban landscapes. This study will provide a temporal perspective on land use change in the Constantia Valley, a high income suburb on the outskirts of Cape Town. It will contextualise the efforts to conserve its heritage and, furthermore, attempt to explain the factors underlying the observed changes in the urban form. This study, through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and a series of interviews, examines how and why the urban form of the Constantia Valley has changed. Finally, based on the findings the possible future urban form of Constantia will be considered.

Includes bibliographical references. / This study focuses on the economic rationale for increased electrification in Khayelitsha and for enhanced Free Basic Electricity (FBE) policies. Air quality readings in Khayelitsha have shown high readings of pollution and a particularly high incidence of coarse particulate matter (PM10). These are on average 25 per cent higher than Goodwood and 70 per cent higher than in central Cape Town. PM10s are particularly harmful pollutants and impose an increasing marginal external cost; the health implications of exposure varying directly with exposure levels. Open fires, traditional and paraffin stoves, and flame based lighting are major contributors to respiratory disease and altered lung function. Low birth-weight, nutritional deficiency, tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease and cataracts have also been associated with the prevalence of PM10. It was found in this dissertation that PM10 readings are significantly higher than allowed by national standards and that a 100 per cent increase in Free Basic Electricity, from 50kWh per month to 100kWh, would be appreciably beneficial to health outcomes. Dose-response functions were used to evaluate the effect of a 10 per cubic metre μɡ//m³ decrease in PM10 for lung diseases, Lower Respiratory Illness in children, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and other related symptoms. It was seen that all of these adverse health episodes would decrease to varying extents, for example between 13 and 14 lives could be saved from COPD, cardiovascular mortality could decrease by around 468 deaths and respiratory deaths could decrease by about 2 491. Added to this, between 721 665 and 1 237 140 annual sick days would be saved annually and ambient pollution readings would drop, although the extent to which this would happen is unknown.

Landowners of fifteen selected case-sites in the Western Cape were interviewed. At all of these sites, access is or may be granted to privately owned mountain areas under a particular set of conditions. Landowners were asked about their views on access to privately owned mountain areas for recreational purposes, and particularly about their motivations for granting access to their properties.

Since the 1980's environmentalism has developed into a major worldwide movement with concern for the environment having grown exponentially over the last two decades. With this change in thinking there have been corresponding shifts in consumer attitudes with many stating they are willing to pay more for eco-labelled products and services. With the increase in consumer demands on protection of the environment and businesses becoming aware of their responsibility towards the objective of sustainability, retailers and manufacturers have moved beyond simply addressing environmental regulatory issues and are introducing alternative products that could be classified as ecofriendly. However, at present, businesses find it difficult to predict consumers' reaction towards these products with a degree of accuracy that is necessary to enable the development of new targeting and segmenting strategies. This presumably has contributed towards several failures in green products development (D'Souza et al, 2007). This study tested whether the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) explains consumers' intention to purchase eco-friendly products (EFPs). The researcher extended the TPB by including environmental concern in the model. The aim is to test whether this construct directly influences people's attitudes towards the purchase of these products. Furthermore, the study investigates whether consumers' search for information on EFPs and whether their price/quality sensitivity may also affect their intention to purchase these products. The respondent base is then divided by means of demographic segmentation in order to determine whether attitudes towards and intention to purchase EFPs differ between age, income and gender groups. A survey was conducted among 100 customers of a well-known retailer, known for its selection of EFPs. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS software. The results found the TPB to be valid within an environmentally responsible purchase decision framework and that environmental concern does influence consumer attitudes towards the purchase of EFPs. This is in line with the findings of De Groot & Steg (2007) and Bamberg (2003) which also found that ii environmental concern should not be seen as a direct determinant of behaviour, but an important indirect one. The emphasis should thus be on increasing consumers' level of environmental concern and then identify those consumers with favourable attitudes towards EFPs, rather than identify green consumers solely on the basis of environmental concern. Furthermore, the study found that consumers' search for information and trust in product labelling affect their intention to purchase these products. This study suggests that the consumer ought to be educated on the differences between EFPs and regular products by means of advertising and label information. It also emphasises the need for claims made about EFPs to be substantiated. With regards to price and quality sensitivity, the results show that both these constructs affect consumers' attitudes towards and intention to purchase EFPs. Consumers will not readily buy an EFP if it is somewhat more expensive than a regular product and they are even less likely to purchase such a product if it does not meet the same quality standards. With regards to demographic segmentation, the results show that women are more environmentally concerned than men and also have a greater intention to purchase EFPs in future. There is no difference between age groups in terms of their attitudes and intention to purchase EFPs but those aged 41-60 have greater volitional control over the purchase of these products as they are better able to afford them. Similarly, income groups show no difference in attitudes and intention but higher incomes groups have greater volitional control over the purchase of EFPs. Nevertheless, there was no difference found between age and income groups in terms of their price sensitivity. This brings into question the effectiveness of the premium pricing strategy currently employed by many manufacturers of EFPs as it seems that people with higher incomes, even though they are better able to afford EFPs, are not more willing to purchase these products if priced higher than regular products.

Includes abstract. / Includes bibliographical references. / Increasingly, managers and scientists are recognizing the importance of understanding small-scale fisheries as complex socio-ecological systems. As a result, managing fisheries is no longer only about managing fish but also about managing people. One mechanism for incorporating the human dimension into small-scale fishery management is knowledge integration. Through pluralising epistemologies, knowledge integration fosters participative dialogue, improves current knowledge bases, and strengthens management...