Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (M.U.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2005. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains viii, 113 pages including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 44-45.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-279).

At the United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change COP15 (2009) Brazil presented ambitious commitments or Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), to reduce greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) mitigation by 2020. At COP21 (2015), the country presented new commitments and a framework to achieve further mitigation targets by 2030 as so-called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). Both NAMAs and INDCs focus on the land use change and agricultural sectors, but the INDCs include a commitment of zero illegal deforestation in the Amazon by 2030. This research focuses on the contribution of the livestock sector to reducing GHGs through the adoption of sustainable intensification measures. A detailed linear programming model, called Economic Analysis of Greenhouse Gases for Livestock Emissions (EAGGLE), of beef production was developed to evaluate environmental trade-offs. The modelling encompasses pasture degradation and recovery processes, animal and deforestation emissions, soil organic carbon dynamics and upstream life-cycle inventory. The model was parameterized for the Brazilian Cerrado, Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes and further developed for farm-scale and regional-scale analysis. Different versions of the EAGGLE model was used to: (i) Evaluate the GHG mitigation potential and economic benefit of optimizing pasture management through the partitioning of initially uniform pasture area; (ii) to define abatement potential and cost-effectiveness of key mitigation measures applicable to the Brazilian Cerrado; (ii) to demonstrate the extent of cost-effective mitigation that can be delivered by the livestock sector as part of INDCs, and to show a result that underpins the national INDC target of zero deforestation; and (iv) to evaluate the consequences of reducing (or increasing) beef production on GHGs in the Cerrado. Counter-intuitively, a sensitivity analysis shows that reducing beef consumption could lead to higher GHG emissions, while increasing production could reduce total GHGs if livestock is decoupled from deforestation.

Resumo: A formação do reservatório de Itaipu propiciou a colonização para o curso superior do rio Paraná de mais de 15 espécies de peixes, incluindo as arraias do gênero Potamotrygon, as quais já se estabeleceram na área do alto rio Paraná, com ocorrências comprovadas nos reservatórios de Porto Primavera e Jupiá, nos rios Paranapanema, Sucuriú e baixo Tietê. A região de estudo apresenta atividades diretamente ligadas ao rio, como prática de esportes náuticos, pesca e formação de balneários. Assim, sua ocorrência pode configurar uma preocupação para a população local. Em entrevistas realizadas, percebe-se como esse animal está conseguindo se dispersar e estabelecer no ambiente. Esta dissertação teve como objetivos: conhecer os impactos que esses animais causam à região do alto curso do rio Paraná e alguns de seus afluentes, estimar o conhecimento da população ribeirinha e demais freqüentadores dos locais em relação às arraias, pesquisar sobre a utilização destes animais para fins comerciais e consumo da carne, relatar a ocorrência de acidentes e obter informações sobre estórias, mitos e dúvidas a respeito do animal em estudo. As comunidades tradicionais têm conhecimentos sobre as arraias, ao contrário dos demais frequentadores dos rios, sendo estas, consideradas animais perigosos por ambos. Entre as conclusões, verificouse a falta de medidas que protejam os balneários e praias da região contra acidentes. A carne de arraia não tem valor comercial algum, assim como as pessoas da região não têm o costume de consumir este tipo de alimento. As estórias locais geram mais temor, discriminação e repulsa ao animal. É necessário um trabalho de educação ambiental que faça com que as pessoas reflitam sobre a questão do aparecimento desses animais, pois isto ajudaria a diminuir o temor e preconceito que existe com as arraias de água doce / Abstract: The formation of the Itaipu reservoir gave way to the colonization of the upper part of the Paraná river for more than 15 species of fish, including the freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon, which had already established in the high area of the river Paraná, with occurrences proved in the reservoirs of Porto Primavera and Jupiá powerplants, in the Paranapanema, Sucuriú e low Tietê rivers. The region of study presents activities directly related to the river, such as the practice of nautical sports, fishing and formation of bathing places. So, its occurrence may be a concern for local people. In interviews, it was noticed how the animal is able to disperse and establish in the environment. This dissertation aimed to: know the impacts that these animals cause in the region of the upper course of the Paraná river and some of its tributaries, measure the knowledge of the riverside population and other regular visitors of the place about the freshwater stingray, research the use of these animals for trade and consume of meat, report the occurrence of accidents and information on the stories, myths and doubts about the animal studied. The traditional communities have knowledge about the freshwater stingray, otherwise the regular visitors of the rivers do not have it, but the animals are considered dangerous by both groups. Among the conclusions, there was the lack of measures to protect the region's bathing places and beaches from accidents. The meat of freshwater stingray is not a commercial, and the people of the region haven't the habit of consuming such food. The local stories generate more fear, discrimination and rejection for the animal. It is necessary a work in environmental education capable to make people reflect on the question of the appearance of these animals, as this would help reduce the fear and prejudice that the freshwater stingray can cause / Orientador: Vidal Haddad Junior / Coorientador: Maria José Alencar Vilela / Banca: Virgínia Sanches Uieda / Banca: Maria Elisa Rebustini / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 forster_oc_me_botib.pdf: 6667062 bytes, checksum: 724b6cbe45da8c137038e3a7f87a007a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A formação do reservatório de Itaipu propiciou a colonização para o curso superior do rio Paraná de mais de 15 espécies de peixes, incluindo as arraias do gênero Potamotrygon, as quais já se estabeleceram na área do alto rio Paraná, com ocorrências comprovadas nos reservatórios de Porto Primavera e Jupiá, nos rios Paranapanema, Sucuriú e baixo Tietê. A região de estudo apresenta atividades diretamente ligadas ao rio, como prática de esportes náuticos, pesca e formação de balneários. Assim, sua ocorrência pode configurar uma preocupação para a população local. Em entrevistas realizadas, percebe-se como esse animal está conseguindo se dispersar e estabelecer no ambiente. Esta dissertação teve como objetivos: conhecer os impactos que esses animais causam à região do alto curso do rio Paraná e alguns de seus afluentes, estimar o conhecimento da população ribeirinha e demais freqüentadores dos locais em relação às arraias, pesquisar sobre a utilização destes animais para fins comerciais e consumo da carne, relatar a ocorrência de acidentes e obter informações sobre estórias, mitos e dúvidas a respeito do animal em estudo. As comunidades tradicionais têm conhecimentos sobre as arraias, ao contrário dos demais frequentadores dos rios, sendo estas, consideradas animais perigosos por ambos. Entre as conclusões, verificouse a falta de medidas que protejam os balneários e praias da região contra acidentes. A carne de arraia não tem valor comercial algum, assim como as pessoas da região não têm o costume de consumir este tipo de alimento. As estórias locais geram mais temor, discriminação e repulsa ao animal. É necessário um trabalho de educação ambiental que faça com que as pessoas reflitam sobre a questão do aparecimento desses animais, pois isto ajudaria a diminuir o temor e preconceito que existe com as arraias de água doce / The formation of the Itaipu reservoir gave way to the colonization of the upper part of the Paraná river for more than 15 species of fish, including the freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon, which had already established in the high area of the river Paraná, with occurrences proved in the reservoirs of Porto Primavera and Jupiá powerplants, in the Paranapanema, Sucuriú e low Tietê rivers. The region of study presents activities directly related to the river, such as the practice of nautical sports, fishing and formation of bathing places. So, its occurrence may be a concern for local people. In interviews, it was noticed how the animal is able to disperse and establish in the environment. This dissertation aimed to: know the impacts that these animals cause in the region of the upper course of the Paraná river and some of its tributaries, measure the knowledge of the riverside population and other regular visitors of the place about the freshwater stingray, research the use of these animals for trade and consume of meat, report the occurrence of accidents and information on the stories, myths and doubts about the animal studied. The traditional communities have knowledge about the freshwater stingray, otherwise the regular visitors of the rivers do not have it, but the animals are considered dangerous by both groups. Among the conclusions, there was the lack of measures to protect the region's bathing places and beaches from accidents. The meat of freshwater stingray is not a commercial, and the people of the region haven’t the habit of consuming such food. The local stories generate more fear, discrimination and rejection for the animal. It is necessary a work in environmental education capable to make people reflect on the question of the appearance of these animals, as this would help reduce the fear and prejudice that the freshwater stingray can cause

More than a hundred hydropower dams have already been built in the Amazon basin and numerous proposals for further dam constructions are under consideration. The accumulated negative environmental effects of existing dams and proposed dams, if constructed, will trigger massive hydrophysical and biotic disturbances that will affect the Amazon basin's floodplains, estuary and sediment plume. We introduce a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index to quantify the current and potential impacts of dams in the basin. The scale of foreseeable environmental degradation indicates the need for collective action among nations and states to avoid cumulative, far-reaching impacts. We suggest institutional innovations to assess and avoid the likely impoverishment of Amazon rivers.

This study analyzes federal and state pollution control and abatement legislation and provides a one-volume working explanation of those laws applicable to business operations. This analysis is limited to legislation aimed at controlling air and water pollution, and solid waste management.