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Shipbreaking industrin i Chittagong, Bangladesh är i huvudsak en fråga om miljöorättvisa på grund av exporten av miljöproblem och risk. Föreliggande examensuppsats syftar till att fylla bristen på kvalitativ forskning kring ämnet. För närvarande har en av de viktigaste rösterna inte varit en del av den akademiska diskursen – rösten från individer som bor i områdena kring industrin. Det empiriska materialet samlades in med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer under en två månader mindre fältstudie i samhällena som ligger kring industrin. Resultatet synliggör respondenternas syn på industrin och visar hur de är påverkade av den. Ett tydligt mönster framträder ur materialet och förkroppsligar teorierna som visar hur risk och miljöproblem exporteras från center, dessa absorberas sen av individerna i periferin. Export av miljöproblem, fattigdom och ökade risker utgör en kausalitet och skapar miljöorättvisa. / The shipbreaking industry in Chittagong, Bangladesh is a matter of environmental injustice due to the export of environmental problems and risks. This thesis fills the current gap in research regarding qualitative material concerning the shipbreaking industry. Currently, one of the most important voice has not entered the academic discourse – the voice of the individuals living in the communities surrounding the industry. The empirical material was gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews during a two months field study in smaller communities around the shipbreaking yards. The result displays the respondent’s views on the industry, and show how they are affected by it. A clear pattern emerges and embodies the theories showing how risk and environmental problems are exported, these are then absorbed by individuals in the periphery. Export of environmental problems, poverty and increasing risks constitutes a causality and creates environmental injustice.

This study examines the indigenous environmental justice conflict in settler-colonial Ecuador, aiming to contribute to a nuanced understanding of how environmental justice can be achieved regarding ways in which the conflict is expressed by indigenous peoples. The analysis departs from political articulations, worldviews, and deployed action repertoires to confront hegemonic power. The focus is on the following indigenous social movements: CONAIE, Mujeres Amazónicas, and Alianza Ceibo. The theoretical framework expands on conflict transformation theory, utilizing decolonial theory to provide greater contextualization. Based on a qualitative content analysis of indigenous communications, this thesis aims at highlighting an alternative understanding of environmental justice with transformative, decolonial abilities. The subsequent comparative analysis of action repertoires outlines how these manifest the movements’ strategical aims during EJ conflicts. The thesis concludes with outlining an alternative environmental justice formulation and a set of action repertoires deliberately deployed to achieve conflict transformation and environmental justice.

Defining environmental justice in the context of investment arbitration is a challenge. This question arises primarily in circumstances in which foreign investment has an actual or potential impact on the host state population's health, environment, or socio-cultural values. Under normal circumstances, the right of access to justice should be guaranteed by the law and the justice system of the host state. However, the right of access to justice declines when the controversy is taken to investment arbitration.  While the problem of environmental protection has been addressed in ISDS from the State perspective and its power to regulate, the rights of non-disputing parties and their legitimacy have been relegated. Awards in investment arbitration qualify as environmental decisions. Therefore, more than the traditional approach to Amicus participation in dispute resolution proceedings is needed under the perspective of procedural environmental rights recognised under several international environmental law instruments. This includes the scope of access to the information generated within the arbitration procedure, which should be available proactively and the possibility of remedies when there is a breach of environmental obligations of the investor who brings up its claim in the Investor-State Dispute Settlement system. To address this issue, developing a new model that considers environmental justice as part of investment arbitration is needed to achieve greater consistency and procedural certainty while safeguarding access to environmental justice.

<p dir="ltr">Existing literature suggests that having gardens and trees in schoolyards has proven to be positive for student health. Tree canopies in schoolyards provide shade, mitigate urban heat island effects, reduce air, and noise pollution, and even improve mental well-being. Edible schoolyards can enhance children’s hands-on learning experience, foster stronger environmental stewardship, offer fresh food opportunities, and help develop healthier eating habits. However, the implementation of green and edible schoolyards in Indiana remains relatively low. This thesis aims to explore the current tree canopy and garden coverage within the school grounds to understand how these green spaces correlate with demographic factors such as race, income, and population density, aiming to identify potential inequities in the school environment creation. Moreover, it gathers green feature coverage data and staff perspectives to further investigate the potential of expanding different edible green features in schoolyards of the Indianapolis region.</p><p dir="ltr">This study included 167 public schoolyards in the research process. Geospatial data analytic and social science methods were utilized in this research. First, ArcGIS was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of school Tree Canopy Coverage (TCC) and garden existence. We also examined the relationships between TCC and garden existences to other demographic factors using R language to understand impact criteria and summarize future hurdles and opportunities. In the second method, online surveys were distributed to the same schools to understand the attitudes of school staff towards edible schoolyards. Some preliminary challenges were identified with the 35 responses collected, including funding mechanisms, collaboration limitations, and lack of integration into curriculums to allow valuable education. This research concludes with 2 case studies to represent two common typologies of schoolyards in Indianapolis, using interviews to gain a deeper understanding of further concerns and future working directions for green schoolyard advocates.</p>

Fish consumption advisories are increasingly being issued by state and municipal governments with concerns about pollution in local waterways. These advisories are developed to inform the public about the potential dangers of consuming excessive amounts of locally caught fish. They are not enforceable limits, however, and are only guidelines and suggestions on what are considered safe meal sizes, safe meal frequencies, and species fit for consumption. As a result, few efforts are made to determine how well these advisories are being followed. In order to determine the efficacy of such urban advisories, anglers are interviewed in Washington, DC on the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers. Anglers are asked a number of questions pertaining to their fishing and consumption habits, advisory knowledge, and risk perceptions. The results suggest that several improvements can be made to better implement advisory efforts. Most importantly, minority anglers—particularly African-Americans—appear to be receiving the message in advisories, but are failing to comply with advisory recommendations. Cultural beliefs and influences, as well as information dissemination inadequacies, are cited as possible reasons for this failure. Lastly, strategies are presented that health and fisheries planners can use to better understand angler risk perception and better educate anglers about the risks of ignoring advisory recommendations. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning