China's quest for sustainable development has given birth to a set of contested ‘ecological construction’ programmes. Focusing on ‘ecological resettlement’, a type of policy measure in a programme for restoring degraded grasslands, this thesis sets out a critical analysis in opposition to the dominant technical and managerial approaches to understanding environmentalisation. The aim is to draw out the politics of the formulation, implementation and effects of ecological resettlement at and across different scales. The study combines fieldwork, interviews, analysis of policy documents, and statistical analysis while theoretically, in addition to political ecology, it incorporates concepts and models from environmental governance, migration, and pastoralism studies. Environmentalisation is examined through three types of analysis: environmentalisation of the state, reshaping of state-society relations, and (re)territorialisation. A central theme is how local processes are linked to national considerations and how the local state acts as an intermediary between the central state and the pastoralists. The analysis exposes the practices that enabled the central state to define the problem of grasslands and devise interventions, illustrating the environmentalisation of the state. However, at the local level, incentives and interests defined by the political structure drove the developmental local state to pursue short-term-effective rather than sustainable practices. On the other hand, while the pastoral households responded to the projects with different strategies, their migration decisions suggested that social, economic and cultural considerations played a more important role than environmental concerns. Moreover, ecological resettlement has led to a significant change of Mongolian pastoralism. Land-tenure-based management further fragmented rangelands while the emergence of new social arrangements enabled migrant households to remain involved with pastoralism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATA DOS REIS CORDEIRO.pdf: 522655 bytes, checksum: e4a842de339cbe66a014bcb499b3114b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / The research purpose, taking as initial cut the space formed by the action of the Movement of Interstate Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu - MIQCB, understand the limitations of its emergency and describe continuities and stays constituents of the processes that shaped the construction of MIQCB agency as a collective representation of (BOLTANSKI, 1982) and his speech specialist in environmental issues. It is relevant in this study issues such as conditions for the emergence of the identity of quebradeira coconut, the creation of MIQCB itself as a body of representation, access to these directories discourse to the right, the economy and environmentalism and the process of change in political structures . As the call for "democratization" and "popular participation", which became mandatory on coexistence with repertoires competitors. In most states it is studying the conditions for the emergence of the laws "babassu free," the agencies involved in work to give the name of positive quebradeira of coconut, of raising issues and arguments increasingly specialized (and technology) in a network Extended of relations, as resources to understanding the conversions and reconversions operated by women that are organized in unions, clubs, mothers, work of the Catholic Church's pastoral areas, today ranked as "traditional" political organisation, said the themes that a site-specific talk of environmentalism, who earns evidence between the years 1980 and 1990 as discursive repertoire of political struggles, and production tool for academic work of nongovernmental organizations in Maranhao. How to use the methodological use of the concept of process environmentalisation helps to have the different arguments and counter that make the discussion of environmental arenas where quebradeiras coconut producing its representations, and helps in understanding of how "old" conflict are transmuted into " new "language environment. / O objetivo da pesquisa é, tomando como recorte inicial o espaço constituído pela atuação do Movimento Interestadual das Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu MIQCB, perceber os condicionantes de sua emergência e descrever continuidades e permanências constituintes dos processos que moldaram a construção do MIQCB como uma agência de representação coletiva e seu discurso especializado na temática ambiental . São relevantes neste estudo questões como as condições de emergência da identidade de quebradeira de coco, a criação do MIQCB como uma instância própria de representação, o acesso a repertórios discursivos referidos ao direito, à economia e ao ambientalismo e os processos de mudança nas estruturas políticas, como os apelo à democratização e participação popular , que tornaram obrigatórias a convivência com repertórios concorrentes. De forma mais especifica estuda-se as condições de surgimento das leis do babaçu livre , dos agentes envolvidos no trabalho de dotar de positividade a designação quebradeira de coco, da mobilização de temas e argumentos cada vez mais especializados (e tecnificados) numa rede ampliada de relações, como recursos para a compreensão das conversões e reconversões operadas pelas mulheres que se organizavam em sindicatos, clubes de mães, trabalhos de pastorais da Igreja Católica, espaços hoje classificados como tradicionais de organização política, às temáticas que referidas a um local de fala específico do ambientalismo, que ganha evidência entre os anos de 1980 e 1990 como repertório discursivo das lutas políticas, produções acadêmicas e ferramenta de trabalho de organizações não-governamentais no Maranhão. Como recurso metodológico o uso da noção de processo de ambientalização ajuda a dispor as argumentações diferentes e contrárias que conformam as arenas da discussão ambiental onde as quebradeiras de coco produzem suas representações, bem como auxilia na compreensão de como velhos conflitos são transmutados na nova linguagem ambiental.