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In the aftermath of natural disasters, providing temporary housing to displaced people is essential to alleviate human suffering. However, in some cases, the chosen post-disaster temporary housing strategy may not be suitable for the local conditions, which can worsen the negative impacts, particularly when decision-makers need to change their original plan due to the uncertainty of post-disaster conditions. As most temporary housing design strategies have their weaknesses, the best approach is the one that matches the specific circumstances of each scenario. This thesis proposes design strategies, including prefabricated and modular units, foldable units, upgradable units, grid and linear expansion, and passive energy units, to determine the most appropriate policy to minimize conflicts between local requirements and temporary housing characteristics while maximizing the comfort and sustainability of temporary housing design. The strategies were analyzed based on their strength and weaknesses by following the previous research, and their implementation possibilities on recently occurred natural disasters, e.g., Turkey's earthquake in 2023, were also evaluated. It was found that all strategies except for grid and linear expansion might be suitable for the studied natural disaster.

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Individer i samhället bär ansvaret för att bevara en hållbar konsumtion och göra bättre val somfrämjar naturens resurser. Detta kan fördelaktigt nås genom köp av produkter som är bättre förmiljön. Det är dock viktigt att företagen som säljer dessa, tydliggör de miljömässigabudskapen till kunderna. Att marknadsföra varor på internet kan anses vara effektivt för att nåut till en stor mängd. En låg reklameffektivitet kan dock påverka verksamhetensförsäljningsintäkter och företaget bör därför beakta hur digital marknadsföring kan användaspå ett effektivt sätt.Utifrån tidigare forskning har brister identifierats, gällande avgörande aspekter i sambandmed marknadsföring av miljövänliga produkter på internet. Studien syftar således till attbesvara och öka förståelsen kring vilka marknadsföringsaspekter som kan vara avgörande, närett företag marknadsför sina miljövänliga produkter med internet somkommunikationsverktyg. Genom en kvalitativ metod har en fallstudie genomförts på ettsvenskt företag som säljer miljövänliga shoppingkassar, vilka marknadsförs genom internet.Två semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts med företagets grundare, vilket utgör studiensempiriska material. Med utgångspunkt från befintliga teorier om bland annat miljövänligaprodukter, miljöinriktad marknadsföring samt internet som kommunikationsverktyg, har detsammanställda intervjumaterialet sedan analyserats.Utifrån studiens analys har fem avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter med anknytning tillmiljövänliga produkter på internet, identifierats. Resultaten visar att en hemsida spelar enavgörande roll när företaget har svårt att marknadsföra sina miljövänliga produkter på andraelektroniska sätt. Likaså utgör en inriktning på specifika målgrupper med enmiljömedvetenhet eller andra köpbeteenden i åtanke, en avgörande aspekt. Resultaten visaräven att företaget bör använda ett lättsamt, sanningsenligt och varierat budskap vidmarknadsföring av varor som kännetecknar en miljöförbättring av befintliga produkter.Slutligen utgör förhållandet till miljökrav och regler som framhävs på internet, en avgörandemarknadsföringsaspekt.Studien har bidragit till en ökad förståelse kring avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter isamband med miljövänliga produkter på internet. Vidare forskning bör förslagsvis studeraliknande företag, för att göra en jämförelse av resultaten. / Individuals in society are responsible for a sustainable consumption and making choices thatpromote the use of eco-friendly resources. This can be achieved through the purchasing ofenvironmentally friendly products. However, it is important that the companies clearly statethe environmental message to their customers. Marketing on the internet could be seen as agood way to reach the mass market, but the low advertising efficiency may impact revenue.Therefore, companies should consider how to best utilize digital marketing.Based on previous research, flaws have been identified regarding essential aspects ofmarketing green products on the internet. The purpose of this study is therefore to answer andincrease the understanding about which marketing aspects that can be crucial when acompany markets their eco-friendly products, using the internet as a communication tool. Byusing a qualitative method, a case study was performed at a Swedish company that sellsenvironmentally friendly shopping-bags which are marketed on the internet. Two semistructuredinterviews with the company’s founders comprise the empirical material of thisstudy. The compiled interview material has then been analysed using existing theories on thesubject as a starting point.Based on the analysis, five crucial marketing aspects of eco-friendly products on theinternet have been identified. The results show that a web page is a decisive factor when thecompany has trouble marketing their environmentally friendly products in other electronicways. They go on to show that targeted groups, with an environmental awareness or otherpurchase behaviour in mind, is another crucial aspect. Further, the company should use alight-hearted, honest and varied message in marketing of existing products signifying apositive change in eco-friendliness. Finally, adhering to environmental rules and regulationsand emphasizing this on the internet is essential.This study has contributed to an increased understanding of the vital aspects of marketingenvironmentally friendly products on the internet. Further research might study similarcompanies to compare the results.

Yes / Throughout the developed world, consumers are increasingly being encouraged to adopt cleaner, more eco-friendly behaviours. However, hybrid car adoption remains low, which impedes the move towards a lower carbon economy. In this paper, we examine the risks and drivers of hybrid car purchases, drawing on consumer behaviour and cultural dimensions theory to account for the heterogeneous, segmented nature of the market. As risk perceptions differ across cultures, and in order to address the lack of cross cultural research on eco-friendly cars, we focus on Australian, South Korean, and Japanese consumers. Based on a survey of 817 respondents we examine how five types of risk (social, psychological, time, financial, and network externalities) and three factors that drive purchasing behaviour (product advantages, product attractiveness, and product superiority) influence consumers perceptions of hybrid cars. Four segments of consumers are identified (pessimists, realists, optimists, and casualists) that also vary according to their environmental self-image, and underlying cultural values. Our results extend theory by incorporating self-image and cultural dimension theories into a multi-country analysis of the risks and drivers of hybrid car adoption. Our findings have practical implications in terms of marketing strategies and potential policy interventions aimed at mitigating risk perceptions and promoting the factors that drive hybrid car adoption.

Eco-design is relatively new and fast growing field of research due to its vital importance to the manufacturing industry and its related environmental issues such as reducing waste, and CO2 emission. A major EU programme relating to the environment is the waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. The (WEEE) directive specifies ten categories and a voltage range which is up to 1.000 volts AC or 1.500volts DC. The developed framework came for the implementation of Eco-design principles that helps to take into account the adaption of the (WEEE) directive and the restriction of hazard substances (RoHS) used in electrical and electronic equipments. As a result of identify gaps and needs such as a lack of a comprehensive Eco-design framework and the need to integrate it to the normal business operation. In this research the PDCA framework for Eco-design and WEEE directive will be discussed. The framework will encompass all of the Eco-design¿s implementation and integration factors and activities such as WEEE and RoHS directives, Eco-design management, Environmental legislations, Eco-design tools and considerations. The literature review covers the topic of Eco-design¿s related issues, and WEEE and RoHS directives rules. Based on comprehensive questionnaire survey of Eco-design, WEEE and RoHS issues and activities among a sample of environmentally aware companies, statistical analysis is carried out using SPSS software. Then the findings of the survey triangulated with the findings of the literature review formed the basis of the design and implementation plan of the proposed framework

Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Conventional environmental education programmes appear to have limitations in precipitating the radical change needed to solve major environmental problems. In this study the potential of wilderness experience (WE) as a catalyst for developing ecoliteracy and consequent adoption of environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB), are discussed. Attitudinal changes and adoption of ERB by adult participants, following a weekend WE conducted in the Pilanesberg National Park, located in the North-West Province of South Africa, were probed through group and individual interviews over a period of time. Results indicate that WE may be a significant catalyst in developing ecoliteracy, while effects on adoption of ERB are diluted by several factors – both personal and structural (societal). The role of the wilderness guide in facilitating effective re-connection with nature, and stimulating the development and growth of ecoliteracy in individual participants in the WE, is highlighted. It is suggested that WE provides a substantive addition to the mechanisms available for experiential environmental education programmes, in that it accesses different ways of learning that focus on the emotional and spiritual elements of the human connection to nature.

Syftet med förelagda undersökning var att karlägga de krav som ställs vid återvinning av han-delsfartyg i de nya regelverk som antagits av IMO och EU med målet att åstadkomma en miljövänlig fartygsåtervinningsindustri. Fokus har legat på de krav som de aktuella regel-verken ställer på fartygsägare och fartygsåtervinningsanläggningar, främst beträffande hantering och bortskaffning av de miljöfarliga material som finns ombord på fartyg. Med dessa krav som utgångspunkt har det redogjorts för hur ett återvinningsförfarande organiseras för att uppfylla de miljökrav som regelverken ställer. Resultatet av undersökningen pekar på att det med dagens teknik och kunskap i allra högsta grad är möjligt att åstadkomma miljövänlig återvinning av handelsfartyg. De problem och utmaningar som resultatet pekar på ligger på ett annat plan än det rent praktiska, bland annat lyfts den långsamma process som implementering av regelverk är fram som en utmaning för fartygsåtervinningsindustrin. Slutdiskussionen handlar till största delen om implementering av lagstiftningen, men också om hanteringen av fartyget och de material som finns ombord, samt om definitionsfrågor rörande ägendeskap. Vidare diskuteras rollen för andra aktörer inom sjöfartsnäringen och de åtgärder som dessa skulle kunna vidta för att åstadkomma en miljövänlig fartygsåtervinning innan de aktuella regelverken träder i kraft och blir bindande. Avslutningsvis ges förslag på fortsatt forskning som handlar om den problematik som diskuterats, men också om de aspekter som inte rymdes inom ramen för denna undersökning. / The purpose of this thesis was to outline the legal requirements set by the IMO and EU in order to establish an environmentally sound ship recycling industry. The emphasis has mainly been on the two large parties involved in the industry; the ship owner and the ship recycling facility. The requirements for these two parties are mainly focused on the handling and disposal of hazardous materials found onboard end-of-life ships. With an analysis of these requirements as a starting point, a ship recycling scenario has been analyzed and discussed. The result shows that, with today’s technology and knowledge it is possible to establish an environmentally sound ship recycling industry. Though, there are some obstacles along the way, which are of a more administrative nature. Amongst these, the first and most important one is the implementation of the regulations in order to set a worldwide standard for environmentally sound ship recycling. The conclusion of this thesis is divided into two parts: one part where the results of the findings is summarized and one part where the different requirements are discussed. The main focus in the discussion is the future for an environmentally sound ship recycling industry and what needs to be done during the existing gap before the legal requirements enter into force. Finally some examples for future research are given. These are mainly questions that were raised during the discussion, but also some of the aspects that were excluded from this thesis.