Thesis (Ph.D.) in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--University of Maine, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-158).

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Wong, Tsz Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-159). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.I / Abbreviations --- p.III / Abstract --- p.V / 摘要 --- p.VIII / Publications --- p.XI / Table of Contents --- p.XII / Chapter Chapter 1: --- General Information / Chapter 1.1 --- Characteristics and Prevalence of SLE --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Diagnosis of SLE --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Assessment of Disease Activity --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Causes of SLE --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Genetic Factors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hormonal Factors --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Environment Factors --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Drug Treatments of SLE --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Immunological Dysregulation in SLE --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Types and Properties of Lymphocytes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Cytokines and Chemokines --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Toll-like Receptors --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways --- p.21 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives of Our study --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Material and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reagents for cell culture --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents for Flow Cytometry --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for Phosphorylation State Analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for Total RNA Extraction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Reagents for Gel Electrophoresis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Reagents for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.9 --- Other Reagents --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of Plasma and Purification of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) from EDTA-Blood --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Immunophenotyping of Cell Surface Molecules by Flow Cytometry --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Immunophenotyping of Intracellular Molecules by Flow Cytometry --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Phosphorylation State Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Molecules --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Cytometric Bead Array of Cytokines and Chemokines --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Total RNA Extraction from PBMC --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Reverse Transcription of the Extracted Total RNA --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot (ELISPOT) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- B Cell Chemokine CXCL13 in SLE / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Characteristics of SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Expression of Plasma CXCL13 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Gene Expression of TNF-α in PBMC --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Expression of sTNFRl in Plasma --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- T lymphocyte Co-stimulatory Molecule CD26 in SLE / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methods --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Characteristic of SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Expression of Human CD26 in Plasma --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- "Cell Surface Expression of CD26 on Monocytes, Th, Tc plus Ts, B and iNKT Lymphocytes" --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Circulating Number of iNKT Lymphocytes --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Thl7 Lymphocytes and Expression of IL-17 in SLE / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.79 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Characteristics of SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.79 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Ex vivo production of IL-17A from PBMC --- p.79 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Circulating Number of Thl7 Lymphocytes --- p.79 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Intracellular Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in SLE / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2 --- Methods --- p.89 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.91 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Characteristics of SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.91 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Expression of Phospho-p38 MAPK in PBMC --- p.91 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Expression of Phospho-ERK in PBMC --- p.92 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Expression of Phospho-JNK in PBMC --- p.92 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- "Relative Percentage Increase of Phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK upon IL-18 Activation" --- p.93 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Toll-like Receptors in SLE / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.111 / Chapter 7.2 --- Methods --- p.113 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results --- p.115 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Characteristics of SLE Patients and Control Subjects --- p.115 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Expression of TLRl to TLR9 of PBMC --- p.115 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Preliminary Results of Cytokine and Chemokine Expression Upon TLR Lignad Activation --- p.116 / Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.126 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Conclusion and Future Perspectives --- p.133 / Appendix --- p.138 / References --- p.140

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Res.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

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