Este estado del arte es sobre los beneficios del Flipped Classroom en el área de Matemática y Ciencias Sociales en España en los últimos 6 años. La investigación es realizada con el fin de analizar los beneficios del modelo didáctico en los estudiantes de primaria. La metodología de investigación es documental; asimismo, para la búsqueda de información se hace el uso de bases de datos, tales como Google Académico, ESBCOhost y AJET. Los tipos de fuentes son revistas científicas, capítulos de libros, tesis de maestría o doctorales e informes institucionales. También, se enfoca en educación primaria y se toma en cuenta los últimos 6 años, en el país de España y en Matemática y Ciencias Sociales. En la indagación se encuentra tres beneficios sobre el Flipped Classroom: Autonomía de los estudiantes, sucede en el uso de los recursos y; en consecuencia, adquieren la responsabilidad de su propio aprendizaje; favorece la motivación de los educandos, incrementa su interés por seguir aprendiendo y; por ende, aumenta su participación en el aula; y mejora el rendimiento académico, los alumnos aprenden los contenidos y; por tanto, mejoran sus calificaciones. En síntesis, es evidente las escasas reflexiones y análisis que se han encontrado sobre este modelo en primaria en España. Lo anterior puede ser por el desconocimiento, y falta de tiempo y/o interés por y para investigar sobre el aula invertida por parte de los docentes de primaria. Por tanto, se convierte en un gran reto aplicar este modelo didáctico en las aulas. / This state of the art is about the benefits of the Flipped Classroom in the area of Mathematics and Social Sciences in Spain in the last 6 years. The research is carried out in order to analyze the benefits of the didactic model in elementary school students. The research methodology is documentary; Likewise, to search for information, databases are used, such as Google Scholar, ESBCOhost and AJET. The types of sources are scientific journals, book chapters, master's or doctoral theses, and institutional reports. Also, it focuses on primary education and takes into account the last 6 years, in the country of Spain and in Mathematics and Social Sciences. The investigation found three benefits about the Flipped Classroom: Autonomy of the students, it happens in the use of resources and; consequently, they take responsibility for their own learning; favors the motivation of students, increases their interest in continuing to learn and; therefore, their participation in the classroom increases; and improves academic performance, students learn content and; therefore, their grades improve. In summary, it is evident the few reflections and analyzes that have been found on this model in primary school in Spain. This may be due to ignorance, and lack of time and / or interest in and to investigate the inverted classroom by primary school teachers. Therefore, it becomes a great challenge to apply this didactic model in classrooms.

One of the most interesting approaches on how we perceive nations today is the idea of imagining nations as brands. Nation branding is used by many governments as a tool for the dissemination of a certain nation imagery. From a media approach, this thesis explores the notion of nation branding as ideologically loaded in media discourse, and the official web discourse on Spain serves as a case. Specifically, the thesis reveals the media construction of Spain on the official website marcaespaña.es, exploring its relation to national identities and the underlying ideologies behind the online selfrepresentation. The thesis draws on the concepts of nation, national identities, ideology and discourse, relating them to nation branding from a critical perspective. To do so, the thesis employs Critical Discourse Analysis as method for analyzing national narratives, where nation branding discourse is seen as a social practice that legitimizes certain ideologies and power relations. The study concludes that the Spanish construction, portraying Spain as unique and united, reduces its national identity to an excellence and elite discourse, ignoring the complex reality of the nation. The thesis shows how this way of constructing the nation serves, through a website, to legitimize the current economical and political system, including the current government and the Spanish nationalism.

La legionelosis es una enfermedad respiratoria con origen en sistemas que formen aerosol y que contenga el agente biológico Legionella sp. En las últimas décadas se ha desarrollado en España un marco normativo para su prevención y control. El presente artículo expone la epidemiología de la legionelosis y la importancia del control de la transmisión de la bacteria en la lucha contra la enfermedad. Para ello, se hace patente la revisión de las instalaciones críticas y la inclusión de otras nuevas en la legislación preventiva así como la estimación del riesgo, la mejora en los procesos de diagnóstico y el avance en nuevos protocolos de prevención. / Legionellosis is a respiratory disease originating in systems that produce aerosol and contain Legionella sp. In recent decades, Spain has developed a regulatory framework for prevention and control of legionellosis. This article describes the epidemiology of legionellosis and the importance of controlling the transmission of bacteria in the fight against the disease. In that regard, it becomes clear the role of reviewing critical facilities and the inclusion of new ones in the preventive legislation, the estimation of risk, and the improvement in the diagnostic processes and progress in new prevention protocols.

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