Este trabalho objetiva percorrer a partir de El río sin orillas os núcleos irradiadores fundamentais da poética do escritor argentino Juan José Saer (1937-2005), procurando analisar a matéria comum e as especificidades entre a escrita do ensaio e a prosa ficcional do autor. Publicado originalmente em 1991, El río sin orillas indaga sobre a história, a literatura e o imaginário cultural da sociedade argentina a partir de sua relação com o Rio da Prata. Ao longo da leitura de El río sin orillas, propõe-se ainda promover um diálogo do texto com a tradição do ensaísmo hispano-americano e, mais precisamente, com uma tradição de textos que o próprio Saer põe em evidência ao valorizar o caráter inclassificável de algumas obras. A partir destes objetivos principais, foram selecionados temas e questões que permitem analisar em El río sín orillas o deslocamento em dupla mão entre a escrita ensaística e a ficcional, bem como a tênue linha de fronteira que persiste entre os dois campos discursivos: o problema dos gêneros literários e a tradição das obras inclassificáveis; o entre-lugar estrangeiro; a literatura pensada pelo autor como uma antropologia especulativa; a invenção do passado; a violência e a política; a criação da geografia singular da zona saeriana. / This thesis explores the fundamental irradiating nuclei of the poetics of the Argentine writer Juan José Saer (1937-2005) in the essay El río sin orillas, aiming to analyze the the common aspects and specificities between the essay writing and fictional prose of the author. Originally published in 1991, El río sin orillas probes the history, literature and cultural imagination of Argentinian society through their relation with the River Plate. Along our reading of El río sin orillas, we also propose to promote a dialogue with the Hispanic- American tradition of essay writing and, more precisely, with the tradition of writing that Saer himself reveals through his valorization of the unclassifiable character of certain texts. In addition to these main goals, some themes and issues that allow us to analyze the two-way traffic between the authors essays and fictional prose as well as the blurry boundary between these two discursive fields have been selected: the problem of literary genres and the tradition of unclassifiable works; the in between space of the foreigner; the notion of literature in Saer as speculative anthropology; the invention of the past; violence and politics; and the creation of a singular geography of Saerian zone.

Zugl.: Toruń, Nikolaus-Kopernikus-Univ., Diss.

Este trabalho objetiva percorrer a partir de El río sin orillas os núcleos irradiadores fundamentais da poética do escritor argentino Juan José Saer (1937-2005), procurando analisar a matéria comum e as especificidades entre a escrita do ensaio e a prosa ficcional do autor. Publicado originalmente em 1991, El río sin orillas indaga sobre a história, a literatura e o imaginário cultural da sociedade argentina a partir de sua relação com o Rio da Prata. Ao longo da leitura de El río sin orillas, propõe-se ainda promover um diálogo do texto com a tradição do ensaísmo hispano-americano e, mais precisamente, com uma tradição de textos que o próprio Saer põe em evidência ao valorizar o caráter inclassificável de algumas obras. A partir destes objetivos principais, foram selecionados temas e questões que permitem analisar em El río sín orillas o deslocamento em dupla mão entre a escrita ensaística e a ficcional, bem como a tênue linha de fronteira que persiste entre os dois campos discursivos: o problema dos gêneros literários e a tradição das obras inclassificáveis; o entre-lugar estrangeiro; a literatura pensada pelo autor como uma antropologia especulativa; a invenção do passado; a violência e a política; a criação da geografia singular da zona saeriana. / This thesis explores the fundamental irradiating nuclei of the poetics of the Argentine writer Juan José Saer (1937-2005) in the essay El río sin orillas, aiming to analyze the the common aspects and specificities between the essay writing and fictional prose of the author. Originally published in 1991, El río sin orillas probes the history, literature and cultural imagination of Argentinian society through their relation with the River Plate. Along our reading of El río sin orillas, we also propose to promote a dialogue with the Hispanic- American tradition of essay writing and, more precisely, with the tradition of writing that Saer himself reveals through his valorization of the unclassifiable character of certain texts. In addition to these main goals, some themes and issues that allow us to analyze the two-way traffic between the authors essays and fictional prose as well as the blurry boundary between these two discursive fields have been selected: the problem of literary genres and the tradition of unclassifiable works; the in between space of the foreigner; the notion of literature in Saer as speculative anthropology; the invention of the past; violence and politics; and the creation of a singular geography of Saerian zone.

Thesis (M. A. (English Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The study explored essay writing errors of English First Additional Language (EFAL) FET rural learners. The aim of the study was to analyse essay writing errors of the EFAL FET learners in rural schools. EFAL Grade 11 learners together with their educators from 4 circuits in Mopani West District of Limpopo Province (LP), South Africa (SA), participated in the study. The learners’ 40 essays were analysed. Additionally, the learners and educators were interviewed and the data generated were analysed. A qualitative Content Analysis (CA) research method was used to collect data. The sample was made up of 3 instruments; an essay checklist for the 40 essays, EFAL learners’ group interviews that consisted of 4 equal groups made up of 10 learners per school, and interviews with 4 educators from each of the school represented. N – Vivo was used for data transcription, storage and analysis. Errors populated in the checklist were arranged into smaller units, identified, analysed, described and reported. Data obtained through semi-structured interviews with EFAL learners and educators were transcribed and analysed thematically. The analysis of the EFAL FET rural learners’ essay writing errors revealed weaknesses pertaining to choice of essay topics, proofreading, spelling, punctuation and grammar.

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This work are based on two different stories which both describes the challenges in incorporating the children in work. In the first story we meet a 7-year-old girl, Nina. She is misunderstanding an art assignment. She is interacting with the pedagogue that is trying to understand what made Nina choose that specific picture. This pedagogue is doubting her teaching methods when she is faced with the fact that she does not understand Nina. In the second story we meet another child, Joel. Joel is faced with a punishment due to disobedience and the child is therefore risking to be excluded from a specific activity that he has looked forward to. The main point with this essay is to reflect and problematise in how our actions of participation with the children effects our work. We have used a hermeneutic method, based on reflection and interpretations of the stories. In our study, we have chosen to immerse ourselves in the concept of inclusion, what affects us as educators in our work on inclusion and the importance of our experience in this work.Our conclusion is that, despite all the knowledge and the experience we dedicated ourselves, we end up in situations where we do not know how we should act. But by reflect, discuss and share research and literature we will be able to get support on how we can deal with the dilemmas we encounter.

According to such functional stylistic features as social preserves, content and the prevailing function Lithuanian essays can be ascribed to three variations: publicistic, scientific and literary style. The major part of essays is dominated by the features of expressive and analytical sub-style of the publicistic style. Essays are also written in the field of liberal arts and natural sciences. In the analysed period the Lithuanian essay surpassed the dividing line between the publicistic and creative literature – texts of fictional content may be called essays. / Pagal tokius funkcinius stilistinius požymius kaip visuomenės veiklos sritis, turinys ir vyraujanti funkcija lietuvių esė galima priskirti trims atmainoms: publicistiniam, moksliniam ir meniniam stiliui. Didžiojoje jų dalyje vyrauja publicistinio stiliaus ekspresyviojo bei analitinio postilio požymiai. Rašoma esė ir humanitarinių bei gamtos mokslų srityje Tiriamuoju laikotarpiu lietuvių esė peržengė ribą, skiriančią publicistiką ir meninę literatūrą – esė pavadinami fikcinio turinio tekstai.

La guerre civile du Nigéria est l'un des rares conflits en Afrique à avoir fécondé une littérature si abondante.Romanciers, poètes, dramaturges et essayistes décrivent cette guerre dans leurs écrits selon la sensibilité qui leur est propre. Parmi eux se trouvent Cyprian Ekwensi et Ken Saro-Wiwa dont le rapport à cette guerre est mise en évidence dans l'écriture de ce phénomène. Chacun d'eux utilise des procédés qui rendent bien compte du désordre et du chaos engendrés par ce drame / Civil war in Nigeria is one of the prominent conflicts in Africa which raised so much inspiration from novelits, poets,playwrights and essayists among whom we find Cyprian Ekwensi an Ken Saro-Wiwa. Both writers depict this phenomenon with a specific language which shows the disorder and the chaos generated by this trgic event

[pt] A utilização de materiais geossintéticos como reforço em obras geotécnicas vem crescendo bastante nas últimas décadas. A geogrelha, cuja função primária é o reforço de solos, é um entre os diversos tipos de geossintéticos, que vêm sendo utilizados. Diversas são as formas de interação da geogrelha com o solo em um maciço reforçado e o entendimento dos mecanismos que se desenvolvem nestas interações é essencial, pois só a partir daí pode-se obter parâmetros confiáveis para projeto. Pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas por diversos autores, mas muitos aspectos ainda devem ser estudados para que se tenha uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de solos reforçados com geogrelhas. A utilização de uma ferramenta numérica pode ser uma alternativa para que consigamos dar um passo adiante no entendimento da técnica de solo reforçado. Então, modelagens numéricas de ensaios triaxiais e de cisalhamento direto em solos reforçados e não reforçados foram realizadas com a utilização do programa Plaxis. Foram analisadas a influência do reforço no aumento da rigidez e resistência do solo e a resistência de interface solo-reforço. Para calibrar o programa e validar as análises numéricas, foram realizadas retro-análises dos ensaios realizados por Sieira (2003), onde se definiram aspectos importantes para modelar os ensaios, tal como, a melhor forma de impor as condições de contorno. Os resultados obtidos nas análises numéricas dos ensaios triaxiais sugerem que o programa Plaxis permite de forma razoável a reprodução dos ensaios reforçados, sendo possível prever o ganho de resistência do solo com a inclusão do reforço. Uma análise alternativa, onde se aplica um incremento de tensão confinante representativo da influência do reforço, foi também realizada. As análises numéricas dos ensaios de cisalhamento direto em solo arenoso não reforçado permitiram verificar a rotação do eixo das direções das tensões principais quando é aplicado carregamento cisalhante e a presença de uma zona central de cisalhamento (zona de cisalhamento). A resistência de interface sologeogrelha não foi bem reproduzida, indicando que o Plaxis não permite este tipo de avaliação. Quando os reforços encontravam-se inclinados, verificou-se a maior eficiência do reforço rígido e fazendo ângulo de 60º com a superfície de ruptura. / [en] The use of geosynthetic materials as reinforcement in geotechnical engineering works is significantly increasing over the past decades. Geogrid, whose primary functions is reinforcing the soil mass, is one of the geosynthetics that has been used. In a reinforced soil structure, there are different types of interaction between soil and geogrid. To be possible to obtain reliable design parameters is essential to know the mobilized mechanisms in the interaction. This situation has been investigated by many researchers, but there are still many aspects to be better understood about geogrid reinforced soil behavior. In this research, numerical tools have been used to improve our knowledge about reinforced soil techniques. Numerical modeling of triaxial and direct shear tests on reinforced and non reinforced soils were carried out using software Plaxis. It was verified the resistance and stiffness increase of the soil due to geogrid inclusion and the interface soil-reinforcement resistance parameters. To calibrate the software and to validate the numerical analyses, back-analyses of the tests carried out by Sieira (2003) were done. These results helped to define important aspects to the tests modeling such as geometry and tests boundary conditions. The numerical analyses of the triaxial tests suggest that the software Plaxis reasonably allow an adequate reproduction of the reinforced soil tests. It was possible to foresee the increase of soil resistance because of reinforcement inclusion. In addition, an alternative analysis, where one applies a confining stress that reproduces the reinforcement influence, it was done. Numerical analyses of non reinforced direct shear tests had numerically evidenced the rotation of the axis of the principal stresses directions and the presence of a central zone of shear (shear zone). The soil- geogrid interface resistance was not well reproduced, indicating that Plaxis does not allow this type of evaluation. To inclined reinforcement relative to failure plane, it was verified the maximum gain of resistance is achieved with inclined reinforcement at 60º and when rigid geogrids are used.

Tendo um conjunto de ensaios como base, esta tese busca discutir uma dramaturgia de cunho realista e contemporâneo, produzida por autores como Henry Ibsen, Harold Pinter e David Mercer, e suas relações com o contexto da adaptação audiovisual. Dentre os problemas abordados está o debate sobre a questão da teatralidade, ocorrido nos EUA, no final da década de 1960. A teatralidade é aqui entendida como expressão artística entre as linguagens artísticas tradicionais e contemporâneas, e como aproximação do universo da arte e da experiência cotidiana. Como parte do diálogo estão incluídas produções recentes no campo da pintura, música popular e documentário. Nesse aparato de questões, a produção ensaística também ganha visibilidade por meio de um ensaio audiovisual, produzido especialmente para este trabalho e apresentado em sua versão escrita e filmada. / Taking a body of essays, this dissertation examines a certain realist and a contemporary dramaturgy produced by authors such as Henry Ibsen, Harold Pinter and David Mercer, and discusses its relations with the audiovisual adaptation context. Among its subjects is the debate about theatricality which occurred in the U.S. in the late 1960s, understood as artistic expressions between traditional and contemporary artistic languages, as well as an approach between the universe of art and everyday experience. Recent productions in painting, popular music and documentary are also discussed alongside the essays. The question related to essayism itself is also addressed through an audiovisual essay, submitted in its written version and in the filmed one, both especially produced for this work.