What are the design possibilities for the adaptive reuse of an outdated mall into a community centered case study model of pediatric palliative care?This thesis therefore explores the following questions. What solutions are possible in the adaptive reuse of Cloverleaf Mall? As designers what is our responsibility when reusing existing spaces? How and in what ways can design build community? How can design create a place which meets the personal needs of patients with a wide variety of illnesses in various stages of progression? What does the design of a centralized prototype for pediatric palliative care look like?

The Military Health System (MHS) is a worldwide network of healthcare facilities and personnel. The healthcare facility inventory is aging and requires extensive facility management, renovations and replacement construction to maintain the environment of a high quality of care. Recent developments in sustainability and evidence-based design (EBD) have created additional requirements for the design and construction of facilities. These areas of design emphasis, sustainability and EBD, are developing best practices according to the respective theory. Existing facilities in the MHS have been directed to undergo restoration and modernization by Department of Defense (DoD) civilian leadership. Governmental directives have mandated that these restorations and new construction complies with current building codes and that EBD design features be included in healthcare facility planning. The hospital building type has changed over history due to innovations in building technology, such as HVAC and steel frame construction, as well as healthcare initiatives, such as treatment of tuberculosis and the mentally ill. The design concepts of environmental sustainability and EBD are currently altering the hospital typology. Building professionals have found significant differences in facilities that are categorized as evidence-based and those noted as sustainable. The future of successful healthcare designs relies on a balance of these concepts. The hospital building type has one of the highest energy intensities out of all commercial building types. Hospitals have become more energy intense due to the evolution of the deep-plan hospital. The design of the building envelope is the most lasting feature affecting the energy use of a hospital, due to its service-life typically equaling the life of the facility. The building envelope design consists of the shape of the building, material selection, as well as its orientation. This research demonstrates the relationship between incorporating positive building occupant features, such as increased day lighting and views of nature, and efficient energy design choices. The use of energy simulation software and early design collaboration between multiple professional disciplines is recognized as critical to optimal design solutions.

In 2012, federal legislation introduced a requirement for formal transportation asset management (TAM) in transportation agencies. The law specifically requires agencies to develop TAM plans and implement TAM programs in their decision-making processes. The history of national policy development for (TAM) and research in policy implementation and organizational theory have shown that program sustainment is not easily achieved. Often, agencies can respond to this kind of legislative mandate with ineffective efforts to achieve legitimacy that reduce the likelihood for the program to be sustained in the long-term. This presents a challenge because without sustainment, the benefits of TAM, which are mostly long-term, may not be fully realized. The objective of this work was to develop a conceptual framework to guide transportation agencies to review their TAM implementation practices and identify opportunities to enhance long-term program sustainment. The conceptual basis for the framework comes from a synthesis of transportation, policy and program implementation, and change management literature, supported by insight from a panel of practitioner and academic experts. The TAM Implementation Review Framework (TIRF) incorporates seven themes of implementation factors that can promote sustainment of TAM practices impacting the social, organizational, and programmatic elements of implementation. The TIRF was applied in case studies to review the TAM implementation processes of three Departments of Transportation (DOTs) resulting in different kinds of information on how implementation activities address factors related to program sustainment. These results can steer future implementation activities in DOTs towards increased probabilities of achieving long-term program sustainment. The primary contributions of this work lie in the development of the conceptual framework and approach to enhance TAM implementation by emphasizing the people and organizational elements of TAM, alongside with the technical. In practice, the TIRF offers agencies a review and planning tool to support TAM implementation decision making and to promote program sustainment. The output is being proposed as a foundational element in the development of an evidence-based catalog of TAM implementation strategies. This can facilitate inter-agency knowledge sharing by providing a platform for systematic documentation of implementation experiences to support broader adoption of strategies that can contribute to increased program sustainment.

abstract: The goal of this research was to contribute to the understanding of how the physical design of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) environments may be improved to enhance nursing communication, and in turn, the quality and safety of patient outcomes. This study was guided by two research questions: (1) What are the major characteristics of nurse communication in a hybrid ICU nurse station design? (2) What are the factors in the built environment that enhance or hinder nurse communication in a hybrid ICU nurse station design? The research design was exploratory and qualitative. Observations were conducted in two ICUs with hybrid nurse station layouts. Participant observation was used to systematically observe and document nurse communication and the physical attributes of the ICU nurse work environment that affect communication. Literature, observations, and information regarding staffing and design about the selected ICUs were analyzed for the generation of concepts and the exploration of significant themes. Results show that nurse interactions with other staff members varied within the different zones of the ICU pod. A biaxial map illustrates four key types of core nurse communication interactions: At ease, On guard, In motion, and On the edge. The quadrants representing barriers to nurse communication are On guard and On the edge, and included interactions with other staff members in the pod. The quadrants representing facilitators to nurse communication are At ease and In motion. The hybrid nurse station layout supported nurse-nurse communication, but not communication interactions with other staff members present on the pod. The results provide a broad understanding of how nurse communication is affected by the environment in which nurses work, and allows for the emergence of design opportunities to enhance nurse communication. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2011

abstract: A post occupancy evaluation (POE) was conducted at the Ngeruka Health Center (NHC) in the Bugesera District of Rwanda. The POE was limited to the education spaces within the health center, its participants, and staff. A POE is a combination of methods both quantitative and qualitative to determine user satisfaction and whether the design intent of the built environment was met. In rural Rwanda where healthcare facilities are scarce and people become seriously ill from preventable diseases, help is needed. The smallest injuries become life threatening. Healthcare facilities and providers must develop approaches that stop these minor illnesses and diseases from costing further problems. The healthcare facility is a healing environment. Healing environments nurture health and provide a sense of safety and security. The Ngeruka facility has incorporated education spaces within their facility to teach the community ways to prevent minor health problems from becoming major ones. The research that was conducted at this healthcare facility sought to answer the main questions: Does the built environment of the NHC contribute to healing by engaging education program attendees to learn about preventing illness and disease and other health promotion strategies? In addition, can you measure healing effects of the built environment? The research took measurements of the built environment and combined them with user satisfaction questionnaires. Site observations and a participant engagement questionnaire were used to determine the amount of engagement the participants put forth into the education programs within the designated design space. Measuring engagement is a tool schools use to find out if their facilities are producing their intended results. This same thought process was incorporated into this research. The participants did prove to be engaged, but it is not definitive that the built environment was responsible. It was a combination of many factors. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Design 2015

Mitt examensarbete syftar till att undersöka skolarkitektur med fokus på skolans mellanrum - det som ofta går under benämningen "kommunikationsyta" eller "sociala ytor" i en skolmiljö.  Skolan är en komplex sammansättning av prioriteringar, intentioner och föreställningar om lärande. I Sverige har vi något som kallas skolplikt, vilket innebär att barn som omfattas av den, måste gå i skolan och delta i den verksamhet som anordnas där. Med andra ord är skolan en plats där den huvudsakliga brukargruppen, dvs. eleverna inte alltid valt sin omgivning. En stor utredning visar också  att 84% av all mobbing sker utanför klassrummet. Beroende på ålder sker det oftare i utomhusmiljön där gömda utrymmen finns eller just i korridorer och uppehållsytor där eleverna är när de inte har lektion. Detta säger också något om hur vi behöver ägna mer uppmärksamhet åt Skolans mellanrum.  Ambitionen har därför varit skapa en en sammanhängande F-9 skola som främjar rörelse, nyfikenhet och gåtfullhet i ett kommunikationsstråk genom skolan samt trygghet genom vuxennärvaro och överblickbarhet. Skolan passas in i naturtomt i södra Stockholm och platsens karaktär tas hand om i både skolhusets placering och gestaltning. / My thesis project aims to investigate school architecture and specifically the spaces in between the learning environment which usually goes by the terms "circulation area" or "social areas" in a school. The school is a complex composition of priorities, intentions, and ideas about learning. In Sweden, we have something called compulsory schooling, which means that children covered by it must go to school and participate in the activities that are organized there. In other words, a school is a place where the main user group - the students don't always get to choose their environment. Studies also show that bullying is more common in spaces outside the classroom, i.e. in the schoolyard, in the corridors, or the social spaces where the students are when they're not in class. This says something about the priority these spaces are given in the planning process. The ambition has been to design a cohesive school that promotes movement, curiosity, and social interaction in the circulation spaces by having clear nodes for integration. The teacher and staff spaces are placed strategically along the main circulation space to promote a sense of security through the presence of adults. The project is situated in the southern part of Stockholm and has great qualities in terms of access to nature. The character of the location has inspired both the placement of the school as well as the exterior and interior design and organization.

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Existe a necessidade de modificar o processo de projeto diante da crescente complexidade envolvida em empreendimentos da construção. Há envolvimento de muitos profissionais, existência de distintas metas e interesses, além da ampliação do escopo dos projetos desenvolvidos. Além disso, o processo tradicional de projeto é geralmente desenvolvido de forma fragmentada, desconsiderando o conhecimento de vários estudos acadêmicos já desenvolvidos, sendo as decisões tomadas geralmente com base na experiência dos projetistas. Nesse sentido, uma das abordagens que vem sendo usada para melhorar os projetos de edificações é o projeto baseado em evidências (Evidence-Based Design - EBD). EBD é um processo que visa a melhorar as decisões de projeto tendo como base o uso das melhores evidências disponíveis de pesquisa, aliadas à prática profissional e a dados relacionados aos requisitos do cliente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo conceitual para guiar o uso do EBD no processo de projeto de edificações. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios. O primeiro estágio, de caráter exploratório, buscou a compreensão da pesquisadora quanto ao tópico investigado (EBD). No segundo estágio, buscou-se entender a aplicação do EBD no processo de projeto com enfoque na geração de valor Já o terceiro estágio buscou desenvolver formas de disseminação de resultados baseados em evidência. Ao longo dos três estágios, foram realizadas três revisões sistemáticas de literatura e também três estudos empíricos, sendo dois desenvolvidos no contexto de habitação de baixa renda no Brasil, enquanto que o terceiro foi realizado em um empreendimento da área da saúde no Reino Unido. O estudo apresenta tanto contribuições práticas como teóricas. Sob um enfoque prático, a principal contribuição é a possibilidade de integração de evidências existentes no processo de projeto a partir do desenvolvimento de algumas formas de coleta, processamento e análise dessas evidências. Em termos teóricos, este estudo propõe uma nova abordagem conceitual sobre nomenclatura e classificação de evidências para o processo de projeto usando EBD, com foco na geração de valor. É apresentada uma proposta de processo de projeto que busca uma melhor integração entre a prática profissional com conhecimentos produzidos pela academia, por meio de um processo de geração de conhecimento como uma forma de aprendizagem contínua. / There is a need for changing the design process due to the growing complexity of construction projects. There is a large number of stakeholders, which have a diversity of aims and goals, in addition to the broader scope of building projects. Moreover, the traditional design process is usually developed in a fragmented way, based mostly on the designers’ experience, often disregarding knowledge from other stakeholders involved. Evidence based design (EBD) is an emerging approach that aims to address this problem by supporting project decision-making with available evidence from research, in addition to professional experience and clients requirements’ data. This research work has proposed a conceptual model to guide the use of EBD in the building design process. The study was divided into three stages. The first stage had an exploratory character, in which the focus of the researcher was on understanding EBD. In the second stage, the aim was to study the application of EBD in the design process, focusing on value generation. The third stage consisted of devising forms of disseminating evidence-based results Three systematic literature reviews and three empirical studies were developed along those three stages. Two studies were concerned with affordable housing projects in Brazil, and one study involved a care home project in the U.K. This work provides both practical and theoretical contributions. From a practical viewpoint, the model proposed herein integrates evidences in building design process and proposes techniques to collect, process, and analyse such evidences. From a theoretical viewpoint, it introduces a new terminology and classification for evidences that can be incorporated in buildings design by using EBD, for increasing value generation. A proposal for a new design process that improves the integration between the professional practice and knowledge produced by academics, through a process for generating knowledge as a form of continuous learning.

Existe a necessidade de modificar o processo de projeto diante da crescente complexidade envolvida em empreendimentos da construção. Há envolvimento de muitos profissionais, existência de distintas metas e interesses, além da ampliação do escopo dos projetos desenvolvidos. Além disso, o processo tradicional de projeto é geralmente desenvolvido de forma fragmentada, desconsiderando o conhecimento de vários estudos acadêmicos já desenvolvidos, sendo as decisões tomadas geralmente com base na experiência dos projetistas. Nesse sentido, uma das abordagens que vem sendo usada para melhorar os projetos de edificações é o projeto baseado em evidências (Evidence-Based Design - EBD). EBD é um processo que visa a melhorar as decisões de projeto tendo como base o uso das melhores evidências disponíveis de pesquisa, aliadas à prática profissional e a dados relacionados aos requisitos do cliente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo conceitual para guiar o uso do EBD no processo de projeto de edificações. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios. O primeiro estágio, de caráter exploratório, buscou a compreensão da pesquisadora quanto ao tópico investigado (EBD). No segundo estágio, buscou-se entender a aplicação do EBD no processo de projeto com enfoque na geração de valor Já o terceiro estágio buscou desenvolver formas de disseminação de resultados baseados em evidência. Ao longo dos três estágios, foram realizadas três revisões sistemáticas de literatura e também três estudos empíricos, sendo dois desenvolvidos no contexto de habitação de baixa renda no Brasil, enquanto que o terceiro foi realizado em um empreendimento da área da saúde no Reino Unido. O estudo apresenta tanto contribuições práticas como teóricas. Sob um enfoque prático, a principal contribuição é a possibilidade de integração de evidências existentes no processo de projeto a partir do desenvolvimento de algumas formas de coleta, processamento e análise dessas evidências. Em termos teóricos, este estudo propõe uma nova abordagem conceitual sobre nomenclatura e classificação de evidências para o processo de projeto usando EBD, com foco na geração de valor. É apresentada uma proposta de processo de projeto que busca uma melhor integração entre a prática profissional com conhecimentos produzidos pela academia, por meio de um processo de geração de conhecimento como uma forma de aprendizagem contínua. / There is a need for changing the design process due to the growing complexity of construction projects. There is a large number of stakeholders, which have a diversity of aims and goals, in addition to the broader scope of building projects. Moreover, the traditional design process is usually developed in a fragmented way, based mostly on the designers’ experience, often disregarding knowledge from other stakeholders involved. Evidence based design (EBD) is an emerging approach that aims to address this problem by supporting project decision-making with available evidence from research, in addition to professional experience and clients requirements’ data. This research work has proposed a conceptual model to guide the use of EBD in the building design process. The study was divided into three stages. The first stage had an exploratory character, in which the focus of the researcher was on understanding EBD. In the second stage, the aim was to study the application of EBD in the design process, focusing on value generation. The third stage consisted of devising forms of disseminating evidence-based results Three systematic literature reviews and three empirical studies were developed along those three stages. Two studies were concerned with affordable housing projects in Brazil, and one study involved a care home project in the U.K. This work provides both practical and theoretical contributions. From a practical viewpoint, the model proposed herein integrates evidences in building design process and proposes techniques to collect, process, and analyse such evidences. From a theoretical viewpoint, it introduces a new terminology and classification for evidences that can be incorporated in buildings design by using EBD, for increasing value generation. A proposal for a new design process that improves the integration between the professional practice and knowledge produced by academics, through a process for generating knowledge as a form of continuous learning.