[pt] Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a vivência de homens e mulheres em casamentos concebidos como monogâmicos, no sentido da exclusividade sexual. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram entrevistados cinco homens e cinco mulheres cisgênero, casados ou em coabitação, em relação heteroafetiva e sem filhos. Para análise dos resultados, foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo em sua vertente categorial-temática. Com base na análise dos dados coletados, emergiram cinco categorias principais e uma subcategoria. São elas: Pilares da conjugalidade; Sexo no casamento; Exclusividade sexual na conjugalidade; Infidelidade conjugal: quando a exclusividade é rompida; e Concepções sobre relações não-monogâmicas consensuais. A categoria Exclusividade sexual na conjugalidade foi desdobrada na subcategoria Dissociação entre sexo e afetos. Os resultados apontam que o acordo de exclusividade sexual está relacionado à busca de segurança emocional e de estabilidade conjugal, sendo a exclusividade afetiva mais valorizada do que a sexual. Insatisfação no casamento e desejo de realizar fantasias sexuais foram apontados como principais fatores preditores de infidelidade conjugal, a qual foi definida como ruptura do que foi acordado entre os membros do casal. As relações não-monogâmicas, que não exigem exclusividade de modo consensual, são pouco conhecidas e consideradas complexas pelos entrevistados. Conclui-se que o acordo de exclusividade sexual é assumido implicitamente e raramente abordado pelos cônjuges. / [en] This research aimed to investigate the experience of men and women in marriages conceived as monogamous, in the sense of sexual exclusivity. A qualitative research was carried out, in which five men and five women were interviewed, married or in cohabitation, in a hetero-affective relationship and without children. To analyze the results, the content analysis method was used in its categorical-thematic aspect. Based on the analysis of the data collected, five main categories and one subcategory emerged. They are: Pillars of conjugality; Sex in marriage; Sexual exclusivity in conjugality; Marital infidelity: when exclusivity is broken; and Conceptions about non monogamous consensual relationships. The category Sexual exclusivity in conjugality was divided into the subcategory Dissociation between sex and affections. The results indicate that the sexual exclusivity agreement is related to the search for emotional security and marital stability, with affective exclusivity being more valued than sexual exclusivity. Dissatisfaction in marriage and the desire to fulfill sexual fantasies were identified as the main predictors of marital infidelity, which was defined as a breach of what was agreed between the members of the couple. Non-monogamous relationships, which do not require exclusivity in a consensual way, are unfamiliar and considered complex by the interviewees. It is concluded that the sexual exclusivity agreement is implicitly assumed and rarely discussed by the spouses.

Background: In the digital era, the streetwear fashion industry has undergone significanttransformation due to the rise of social media. Traditional marketing methods have shiftedtowards direct consumer engagement through digital platforms, where brand authenticity andexclusivity are crucial for maintaining perceived value and consumer loyalty. Streetwearfashion, rooted in urban subcultures, relies heavily on these elements to establish and maintainits brand identity.Purpose: This thesis aims to critically examine how streetwear fashion brands utilize socialmedia to manage the authenticity paradox while driving exclusivity. It investigates the impactof these strategies on consumer behavior and brand loyalty within digital spaces.Method: The research employs a qualitative, exploratory design within an interpretivistparadigm. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of12 participants, including influencers, brand managers, and consumers actively engaged withstreetwear brands on social media. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns andinsights from the data.Conclusion: The findings reveal that streetwear brands effectively use social media to projectauthenticity through transparent communication and cultural engagement, while strategicexclusivity is maintained through limited releases and exclusive collaborations. Thesestrategies not only enhance perceived brand value but also foster strong community ties andconsumer loyalty. The study highlights the importance of balancing authenticity withexclusivity to navigate the competitive digital landscape and sustain brand appeal

This case study examined the perceptions of administrators, teachers and parents of the implementation of an elementary school science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) academy program that featured characteristics of both magnet school programs and schoolwithin-a-school programs. I conducted interviews of key personnel, informed by classroom observations and a survey of parents to determine how stakeholders perceived equity in the access and allocation of opportunities and resources. The STEM Academy selected students from neighboring elementary schools and was housed within a larger K-5 elementary school. I found the STEM Academy teachers were widely praised for their innovations and teaching excellence, and alignment with emerging best practices. However, there were perceptions that their curriculum was neither sufficiently documented nor aligned with school division priorities, and was insufficiently communicated with school division central office leaders Academy parents, teachers, and community partners praised the Academy’s approach to curriculum, instruction, and uncommon learning experiences; but resentment and perceptions of inequity and exclusivity among most other stakeholders compromised the program implementation, leading to administrative and political pressure that challenged the Academy’s sustainability. I provide discussion and recommendations concerning elementary STEM programs, highlighting the importance of stakeholder perceptions and program evaluation. I also provide several suggestions for further research. / Ed. D.

Using the film La Haine (1995), directed by Mathieu Kassovitz, as an object of analysis, this paper explores culture as a tool of exclusion in France through sociological, architectural, and political contexts. It investigates La Haine as one of the first representations of the banlieue to mainstream French audiences, as well as the ways in which the film reveals how immigrants and children of immigrants struggle to find personal, cultural, and national identity in France.

« L'indépendance de la durée de vie d'un droit face à l'érosion qui touche inéluctablement un bien ou une valeur protégée », voilà quelle paraît être la définition la plus révélatrice des droits civils perpétuels en droit français contemporain. Cette dernière ressort d'une analyse au terme de laquelle il semble que le système normatif actuel est peu enclin à reconnaître des droits survivants à leurs titulaires. Pis, les instruments juridiques permettant de circonscrire leur domaine sont nombreux, à l'image du plus efficace d'entre eux : la prescription extinctive. Mais ces instruments restrictifs ne sont pas isolés. La nature même du droit peut porter en elle le germe de sa disparition. C'est alors que sont renversés de vieux préjugés. Les droits réels ne sont pas davantage voués à la perpétuité que ne le sont les droits de la personnalité. En outre, là où la prohibition devrait s'imposer aux droits personnels, certains s'en émancipent en fait. C'est alors que la perpétuité se dévoile dans trois droits civils en particulier : le droit de propriété, le droit moral de l'auteur et le droit au nom. Restreints dans leur nombre, ces droits sont cependant privilégiés dans leur régime. En effet, selon la qualité qu'ils revêtent, ils bénéficient de moyens de mise en œuvre et de protection supplémentaires, comme en témoignent la théorie des droits subjectifs ou la reconnaissance de droits fondamentaux. Selon qu'ils sont interprétés comme les premiers ou les seconds, ou voire même les deux simultanément, leur justiciabilité est clairement renforcée / « The independence of the life span of a right confronted to the erosion which unavoidably affects a belonging or a protected value », here is which seems to be the most revealing definition of perpetual civil rights in contemporary French Law. This definition springs from an analysis which leads us to think that today's normative system is reluctant to admit surviving rights to their holders. Even worse, there are numerous legal instruments which can be used to restrain their fields of activity, like the most efficient of all: negative prescription. However these restrictive instruments are not isolated. The very nature of a right can carry in itself the germ of its own disappearance. This is on these occasions that old prejudices are knocked over. Real rights are not more dedicated to perpetuity than individual rights. Moreover, if prohibition should be imposed on personal rights, in fact some of them manage to do without it. This is when perpetuity appears in three civil rights in particular: the right to property, the author's moral right and the right to the name. Limited in their numbers, these rights however are privileged in their schemes. Indeed, depending on their quality, they benefit from supplementary means of implementation and protection as the theory of subjective rights or the recognition of fundamental rights testify. Whether they are read as the former or the latter or even both simultaneously, their justiciability is clearly reinforced. However the conclusion of the study may be disappointing as, to tell the truth, perpetual rights are sometimes the victims of real incursions on behalf of the lawmaker or the co contracting party

Cette thèse porte principalement sur les stratégies de licence des universités. Afin de comprendre l’impact social des stratégies de licences universitaires, nous examinons le lien entre le degré d’exclusivité des licences et les diverses caractéristiques des inventions sous licence. Les résultats théoriques et empiriques de nos recherches suggèrent que les pratiques des OTTs ne sont peut-être pas toujours optimales, ce qui laisse à penser que des améliorations pourraient encore être apportées. Lorsque les innovations sont séquentielles, les universités pourraient introduire des stratégies alternatives de licences open source. Nous élargissons notre étude en examinant les interactions dynamiques entre divers canaux formels et informels de transfert de connaissances. Notre analyse qualitative longitudinale suggère que l’interaction dynamique crée un effet cumulatif important vis-à-vis de l’activité de valorisation de la recherche, et renforce la dimension collective de la valorisation. / This thesis primarily focuses on university licensing. To understand the social impact of the university licensing strategies, we examine the link between the degree of exclusivity of licenses and the various characteristics of the licensed inventions. The theoretical and empirical findings of our research suggest that the practices of university technology transfer offices (TTOs) may not always be optimal, underlying the fact that there may still be room for the improvement. We also suggest that, when the innovations are sequential, universities might introduce alternative open source licensing (OSL) strategies. Furthermore, we expand our study by examining the dynamic interactions between various formal and informal channels of transfer. Our longitudinal qualitative methodology suggests that, dynamic interaction creates a strong cumulative effect with respect to the research valorization activity and reinforces the collective dimension of valorization.

La franchise repose sur l’exploitation par le franchisé d’une clientèle attachée à la marque du franchiseur. L’intérêt commun des deux parties dans l’exploitation d’une clientèle justifie les obligations réciproques qui leurs incombent : le franchisé mobilise des moyens financier et humain, tandis que le franchiseur apporte des actifs immatériels. La réalisation d’une œuvre commune justifie également la collaboration et la confiance mutuelle des parties pendant l’exécution du contrat de franchise. On constate toutefois que les parties au contrat de franchise, au-delà de leur intérêt commun, ont chacune des intérêts particuliers. Il n’est dès lors pas étonnant que chacune d’elles cherche à obtenir le plus grand avantage à son seul profit moyennant le plus faible sacrifice.L’approche comparative du rapport d’intérêts entre le franchiseur et le franchisé, sous l’angle du droit français et du droit vietnamien, est riche d’enseignements. Elle permet de comprendre le régime juridique réservé à la franchise dans deux systèmes juridiques qui, malgré leur différence, possèdent de nombreux points communs. / Franchising is based on the exploitation by a franchisee of a clientele associated with the franchisor’s trademark. The common interest of both parties in operating a class of customers justifies their mutual obligations: the franchisee mobilizes financial and human resources while the franchisor brings intangible assets. The implementation of a common work also justifies collaboration and mutual trust among the parties during the carrying out of the agreement.Beside their common interest, each of the franchisor and the franchisees has proper interests. Therefore, it is not astonishing to find that every party tries to obtain the best advantage at the lowest cost.The comparative approach of the relationship between the franchisor and franchised in light of their respective interests, under French Law and Vietnamese Law, is enriching. It enables to go thoroughly into the legal aspects of franchising under two legal systems which, in spite of their difference, have many common points.

In recent years, luxury consumption has expanded and grown significantly in comparison to past years. Today luxury is more accessible by society than ever before. Various studies have shown and proven how luxury consumption tends to have negative effects on individuals. The negative circumstances that emerge as consequences can be of cognitive character, but also in the form of financial, personal, social and/or professional problems, debt, and compulsive purchases. In addition to these findings, recent studies have also shown that people are ready to compromise in a variety of ways such as saving more money, working overtime, or withdrawing from essential expenses.  For these various reasons, the purpose of this study is to identify possible experienced motives that can work as reasons for luxury consumption amongst the young Swedish population. Furthermore, this study aims to examine regret in relation to this type of consumption. The literature review of this study covers subjects of cognitive dissonance, regret theory, possessions and the extended self and the motives hedonic, symbolic and instrumental. The research method applied in this study is of a qualitative character. The data collection was executed through the use of semi structured interviews where a total number of fifteen young Swedish individuals chose to participate. The results of this study reveal that luxury consumption can be based on the hedonic motive where pleasure, joy, satisfaction or reaching a desired goal are common reasons. Moreover, the results of this study also reveal that luxury consumption can be based on the symbolic motive, where individuals desire to symbolise/express themselves, impress others, seek confirmation, to fit in and/or follow hidden norms in society. Furthermore, luxury is desired for the pure quality, where the high price of luxury products equals higher perceived quality.  Moreover, regret in this type of consumption is regularly occurring. The reasons for regret can be caused by the product itself, by comparison to other possible alternatives or because of impulsive/compulsive/stressful decisions. This feeling of regret can exist in the form of cognitive dissonance, that is a feeling of discomfort for a small number of participants. For a larger number of participants, the feelings are separated, where regret is a more rough and painful feeling. Solutions to suppress these feelings are through giving away the products to be used, persuade the mind that the purchase is deserved, or to shed a positive light at the purchase by looking at it as additional knowledge/ experience. / Under de senaste åren konsumeras lyx mer, och har blivit mer tillgängligt för allmänheten i jämförelse till tidigare år. Ett flertal studier har visat på hur lyxkonsumtion tenderar att ha negativa effekter på individer. De negativa omständigheterna som framträder som konsekvenser av lyxkonsumtion kan vara av en kognitiv karaktär, men även i form av finansiella, personliga, sociala och/eller professionella problem, skuldsättning, och kompulsiva köp. Dessutom visar studier även att människor är redo att kompromissa på olika sätt som att spara mer pengar, jobba övertid eller att utebliva nödvändiga utgifter. För dessa diverse anledningar är syftet med denna studie att identifiera möjliga upplevda drivkrafter för lyxkonsumtion för det unga svenska samhället. Vidare ämnar studien även att undersöka ånger i förhållande till denna typ av konsumtion. Teorigenomgången för denna studie behandlar ämnen om kognitiv dissonans, regret theory, ägodelar och det förlängda jaget samt motiven hedonic, symbolic samt instrumentell. Empiriinsamlingen skedde genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som i sin tur bestod av femton semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska ungdomar som lyxkonsumerar. Resultaten av denna studie visar på att lyxkonsumtion kan ske med anledning av hedonistiska aspekter där glädje, nöje, tillfredsställelse eller en avklarad målsättning var vanligt förekommande anledningar. Fortsättningsvis visar studien även att symboliska motiv var en vanlig drivkraft för lyxkonsumtion, där individer strävar efter att symbolisera/uttrycka sig, imponera på andra, få bekräftelse, passa in i samhället samt följa osynliga normer. Utöver detta var lyx eftersträvat på grund av kvalitet, där höga priset av lyxprodukter förutsätter högre upplevd kvalitet.  Avslutningsvis påvisar resultaten av denna studie att ånger inom denna typ av konsumtion är vanligt förekommande. Orsakerna för ånger kan bero på själva produkten, på jämförelse av produkten med andra alternativ eller på grund av impulsiva/kompulsiva/hastiga beslut. Känslan av ånger kan vidare vara i form av en kognitiv dissonans, som i sin tur betecknas som en känsla av obehag av en liten del av deltagarna i denna studie. För en större del av deltagarna var känslorna åtskilda, där ånger var en grövre och mer smärtsam känsla. Lösningar för att dämpa detta obehag är genom att ge bort produkten för användning, övertala sig själv att köpet är förtjänat, eller genom att omvandla köpet till ytterligare erfarenhet/lärdom.

At present, there is no sliding window latch designed and developed for the marine market. Onmar is a company that develops and produces quality products for premium boats. They were asked to supply a latch that is exclusive and is of quality. This request became the basis for the thesis. The aim of the project was to gain an understanding of the concepts of exclusivity and quality to implement them in the design of a latch for premium boats. To ensure that the aim is achieved during the work, two research questions were formulated to be answered through the implementation of the project, which are as follows: Research question 1: How are exclusivity and quality defined and how can these definitions influence the design of an exclusive and quality product for the marine market? Research question 2: What value will a specially designed and developed latch for premium boats add compared to existing latch? The project combined two product development processes. These included concept generation, concept development and prototype creation and further development. Data collection was carried out using both literature and empirical data. The triangulation method was used to increase the reliability of the project. The results show that the investigated concepts are difficult todefine and no previous research regarding the concepts in productdevelopment has been done. The findings show that what indicates product quality and exclusivity within the marine market, is subjective and therefore difficult to define. No previous research on the meanings of these terms within product development were found. Nevertheless, definitions of exclusivity and quality have been defined and were applied as guidelines during the development of the latch for the marine market. A survey carried out to evaluate the final product concept of a latch for the marine market, suggests that the final concept gives a visual impression of exclusivity and quality. Whether a product is perceived as exclusive and whether it gives the impression of quality may depend on more factors than just design. The choice of materials and physical feedback during use are two other factors that can influence a user's impression of exclusivity and quality. The latch developed in this project can be used as a basis for further product development within the exclusive marine market. / I dagsläget finns det inget snäpplås till skjutbara fönster som är utformad och utvecklad för den marina marknaden. Onmar är ett företag som utvecklar och producerar kvalitativa produkter för premiumbåtar. Onmar fick förfrågan om att producera ett exklusivt snäpplås av hög kvalitet. Denna förfrågan blev grunden för detta examensarbete. Syftet med projektet var att presentera ett produktkoncept av ett exklusivt snäpplås för premiumbåtar av hög kvalitet. För att säkerställa att projektets syfte kunde uppnås, skapades två forskningsfrågor som stöd: Forskningsfråga 1: Hur kan exklusivitet och kvalitet definieras inom området utformning av snäpplås för den marina marknaden? Forskningsfråga 2: Hur kan ett exklusivt snäpplås för premiumbåtar tillföra värde till den marina marknaden, jämförtmed befintliga snäpplås? Produktutvecklingsprocessen som tillämpats baserades på enkombination av processerna från Ulrich & Eppinger (2014), samtUllman (2012). Processen inleddes med konceptgenerering och resulterade i ett slutgiltigt konceptval. Datainsamling har genomförts både efter litteratur och empirisk data. För att främja studiens reliabilitet användes metoden triangulering. Resultatet visar att de undersökta begreppen, kvalitet och exklusivitet inom den marina marknaden, är subjektiva och därmed svårdefinierade. Ingen tidigare forskningsresultat om begreppens betydelser inom produktutveckling påträffades. Begreppen har hursomhelst definierats och använts under utvecklingen av snäpplåset för den marina marknaden. En genomförd enkätundersökning om det slutgiltiga konceptet av ett snäpplås för den marina marknaden tyder på att slutkonceptet inger ett visuellt intryck av exklusivitet och kvalitet. Huruvida en produkt upplevs som exklusiv och om den ger intryck av kvalitet kan bero på flera faktorer än bara utformning. Materialval och fysisk feedback vid användning är ytterligare två faktorer som kan påverka en användares intryck av exklusivitet och kvalitet. Snäpplåset som utvecklades i projektet kan användas som underlag för vidare produktutvecklingsarbete inom den exklusivamarina marknaden.

Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich mit der Bedeutung der Nationen aus Offb 21,24.26 auseinander. Wie ist es möglich, dort Nationen als Gegenüber des Gottesvolks zu finden? Die These erhärtet sich, dass das Alte Testament in Bezug auf die Beziehung des Gottesvolks zu den Nationen eine Vorschau auf die zukünftigen, himmlischen Zustände ist und dass die Zeit des Neuen Testaments eine Zeit des Übergangs darstellt, in der das Gottesvolk neu formiert wird. Der gegenseitigen Beziehung kommt eine enorme Bedeutung zu. Das Gottesvolk ist dazu eingesetzt, zusammen mit Gott über die Nationen zu herrschen. Die Nationen ihrerseits sollen durch diese göttliche Herrschaft zur Erkenntnis und zur Anbetung Gottes geführt werden. Es ist ein fester Bestandteil der Identität des Gottesvolks, dass es zwischen Gott und den Nationen steht und vermittelt. Somit begründet sich die Präsenz der himmlischen Nationen in ihrer Notwendigkeit als Gegenüber des Gottesvolks. / The following dissertation examines the meaning of the nations mentioned in Revelation 21:24.26. How is it possible that there will be nations as counterpart to God's people? In the course of the study, the thesis is confirmed that the relationship between God's people and the nations shown in the Old Testament is a preview to the future state in heaven and that the New Testament stands for a time of transition and new formation of God's people. An outstanding meaning is attributed to this mutual relationship. God's people is appointed to rule over the nations along with God. By divine rule the nations are to be led to recognition and adoration of God. It is an inherent part of the identity of God's people to stand and to intercede between God and the nations. Thus the presence of heavenly nations is justified by its necessity as counterpart of God's people. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)