Research has shown that maximal exercise has a significant effect on cells of the immune system. Specifically, lymphocyte count increases during exercise and decreases to a value lower than baseline following an acute exhaustive bout of exercise. The overall lymphocyte response is well characterized, however, the ability of exercise to affect lymphocyte subfractions is unknown to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate the affects of a simulated tennis match across two sessions on lymphocyte subsets. Initial measurements such as age, height, weight, skinfold analysis, and heart rate were recorded for each player, as well as blood samples being obtained by a finger prick before and after the tennis sessions. The tennis protocol started with five serves to the deuce court and five serves to the ad court, then individuals hit twenty-four forehands and twenty-four backhands against an oscillating ball machine. Each bout of serves and ground strokes were repeated ten times, with one minute rests in between each session. Before and immediately after completing the tennis trial, subjects were pricked with a lancet on the non dominant hand so to obtain at least two capillary tubes of blood. Whole blood was then added to the antibody cocktail, which is mixed according to the antibodies that were tested, which were CD4, CD8, CD19, CD95, and CX3CR1. Whole blood was added to red blood cell lysis buffer and fixation buffer, and the blood solution was incubated with antibodies specific to cell phenotype. The main results of this study indicated that there was a decrease in mainly post cell counts in pre and post CD19/CD95 measurements (P= .007), an increase in CD8/CX3CR1 in pre counts and an increase then decrease in post counts without wearing the bionic glove (P= .042), and a decrease in CD4 in the post count measurement with the bionic tennis glove (P= .043). The study’s can assist in making recommendations for after match treatment such as health and diet suggestions. Knowledge of prevention and treatment methods are low in the field of tennis and immune functions, so findings in this area could prevent elite athletes from contracting infections between matches.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-25T17:34:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rogerio Pereira.pdf: 773654 bytes, checksum: 098c4df44754fb146e1a3739b5cb13f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T17:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rogerio Pereira.pdf: 773654 bytes, checksum: 098c4df44754fb146e1a3739b5cb13f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by decline of lung function, increased inflammation and fibrosis mainly in the pulmonary interstitium, with serotonin (5-HT) and Akt signaling presenting a role. Aerobic training (AT) reduces lung injury in different models of pulmonary diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of AT in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of AT in a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the participation of 5HT/Akt signaling. Methods: Seventy-two C57Bl/6 male mice were distributed in Control (Co), Exercise (Ex), Fibrosis (Fi) and Fibrosis+Exercise (Fi+Ex) groups. Bleomycin (1.5UI/Kg) was administered on day 1 and treadmill AT began on day 14 during 4 weeks. Total and differential cells count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), IL-1beta, IL-6, CXCL1/KC, IL-10, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta levels in BAL fluid, collagen content in the lung parenchyma, 5-HT levels in BAL fluid and in serum, and the expression of 5-HT2b receptor and Aktphosphorylation were evaluated. Results: AT reduced bleomycin-increased number of total cells (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.01), macrophages (p<0.01) and lymphocytes (p<0.05) in BAL. AT also reduced the levels of IL-1beta (p<0.01), IL-6 (p<0.05), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001), TNF-alpha (p<0.001) and TGF-beta (p<0.001), while increased the levels of IL-10 (p<0.001). Collagen fibers deposition was also reduced by AT (p<0.01). These findings were followed by AT-reduced bleomycin-increased 5-HT levels in BAL fluid (p<0.001) and in serum (p<0.05), as well as the expression of 5-HT2b receptor (p<0.01) and the Aktphosphorylation in lung tissue. Conclusions: We conclude that AT reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis involving 5-HT/Akt signaling. / Introdução: A fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) é uma doença devastadora com pobre prognóstico e nenhum tratamento efetivo disponível. Estudos recentes demonstram que a serotonina / 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT) desempenha um papel importante no processo de fibrose pulmonar. Entretanto, alguns estudos demonstram que o tratamento não farmacológico, como programas de reabilitação pulmonar para pacientes com FPI resulta em melhora da qualidade de vida e do manejo da doença, mas os efeitos sobre os pulmões e os possíveis mecanismos desses efeitos não são conhecidos. Objetivos: Portanto, o presente estudo investigou os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio na resposta pulmonar em um modelo de fibrose pulmonar induzida por bleomicina em camundongos, e os possíveis efeitos moduladores do exercício sobre os níveis de 5-HT. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados setenta e dois camundongos machos C57/Bl6, os quais foram distribuídos em Controle (Co), Exercício (Ex), Fibrose (Fi) e Fibrose + Exercício (Fi + Ex). Vinte e quatro horas após o último teste físico na esteira, a inflamação pulmonar foi avaliada através da avaliação do lavado broncoalveolar (contagem de células e medidas de citocinas: IL-1beta, IL-6, CXCL1/KC, IL-10, TNF-alfa, TGF-beta), e o remodelamento pulmonar através do acúmulo de fibras colágenas no parênquima pulmonar. Foram avaliados também os níveis de 5-HT no sobrenadante do lavado broncoalveolar e no soro. Além disso, a expressão do receptor para 5-HT (5-HT2B) também foi avaliado no tecido pulmonar. Por fim, a expressão da forma integral e fosforilada da Akt também foi avaliada no tecido pulmonar. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o treinamento aeróbio reduziu o número de células totais (p<0.001), de neutrófilos (p<0.01), de macrófagos (p<0.01) e de linfócitos (p<0.05) no lavado broncoalveolar, assim como reduziu os níveis de IL-1beta (p<0.01), IL-6 (p<0.05), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001), TNF-alfa (p<0.001) e TGF-beta (p<0.001) no lavado broncoalveolar, enquanto aumentou os níveis da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 (p<0.001). O treinamento físico também reduziu a deposição de fibras de colágeno no parênquima pulmonar (p<0.001). Os níveis de 5-HT no sobrenadante do lavado broncoalveolar (p<0.001) e no soro (p<0.05) e a expressão do receptor 5HT2B (p<0.01) no tecido pulmonar demonstraram-se reduzidos no grupo submetido ao treinamento físico. A expressão de Akt na forma total não foi alterada pelo treinamento físico, enquanto que a forma fosforilada foi reduzida pelo treinamento físico (p<0.01). Conclusões: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram claramente que o treinamento físico aeróbio é capaz de reduzir a inflamação e a fibrose pulmonar em um modelo experimental de fibrose pulmonar induzida pela bleomicina. Os resultados também demonstram que pelo menos em parte, esses efeitos benéficos do treinamento físico aeróbio pode ter sido mediado pelo aumento da liberação de IL-10, assim como pela redução da exacerbação dos níveis de serotonina, levando a uma redução da expressão do receptor de serotonina 5-HT2B, e também da redução da ativação da proteína Akt.

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