Thesis (PhD(Economics))-University of Pretoria, 2007. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-243). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg.

No description available.

This thesis focuses on the relationship between food expenditures and the economy. In analogous fashion to Maxwell 2013 which calculated energy expenditures as a percentage of national and global gross domestic product (GDP), this thesis examined three available food expenditure datasets to study the relationship between food expenditures as a percentage of GDP and economic growth. The analysis calculated two metrics, Primary Consumption Expenditures and Final Consumption Expenditures which were used to compare the available datasets and create a more robust hybrid dataset containing data for 178 countries with an average time span of 40 years that was used to study the relationship between global economic growth and food expenditures. Historical evidence does not suggest that food has imposed a limit on economic growth; however, recent trends over the past decade associated with biofuel production suggest the global economy has entered a new era with rapidly rising food prices and expenditures. As food resources continue to be used as industrial energy inputs, it is critical to include food expenditures in further analysis of potential impacts energy expenditures may have on economic growth. / text

Most of the people in Western Europe and North America live in towns. One hundred and fifty years ago only one person in five, in Britain, and one in twenty-five in the U.S.A. lived in urban settlements. The growth of the modern town dates from the Industrial Revolution and was accelerated by improvements in transportation systems, which have allowed it to extend its influence over an ever growing area. A large number of the social problems facing society today arise within the context of the urban area. High density living, traffic congestion, and noise, are all aspects of consumption externalities or social costs. Local markets in imbalance characterise a large number of urban areas. The disequilibrium of local housing markets, local labour markets, and local product markets is a common feature of a large number of modern towns and cities. Very little, however, is ever said by the economist about the imbalances in the public sector of urban areas. Individuals complain about poor housing standards, poor educational facilities, poor health and welfare services and the problems of crime in cities. The rate-payers' or local taxpayers' revolution, which is frequently reported, testifies to the importance of the local public sector. This thesis attempts to redress the imbalance. Local government expenditures (excluding debt interest) accounted for 16% of GNP in 1970. This figure compares with 3.4% in 1890 and 9.6% in 1950. As a proportion of total public expenditure local government expenditures were 24.8% of the total in 1950 and 34.7% in 1970. In 1970,10% of the working population of the U.K. were employed by local governments. Local government has been one of the fastest growing sectors of the U. K. economy in the post war period. However, it is a sector of the U.K. economy which has escaped, almost entirely, the interest of the economist, even although it is such an important allocator of the nation's resources. Gramlich (97) makes the point clearly in the context of the U.S.A.: - "The recent spate of large econometric models has probed into many previously unexplored corners of the United States' economy. But there is one sector still relatively untouched by the model builders and strangely enough, it is a sector which today is generating some of the most heated political controversy - that of state and local governments." (p 163).

Congress passed declaration of war language for World Wars I and II that provides the military with practically unlimited resources and relaxed accountability during times of war. This "lank check policy," while not an official policy, continued through twentieth-century wars. Toward the latter half of the twentieth century, the war powers struggle between the Legislative and Executive Branches resulted in instances of Congress under-funding war efforts and increased scrutiny of in-theater spending. In spite of the under-funding, the Defense Department continued to extend the blank check policy of spending to the combatant commander. The shortfall of funding was filled by reprogramming of annual appropriations for Vietnam, contingencies of the 1990s and the current war in Iraq. This thesis builds on the studies of Walter Rundell, Leonard Taylor and William Rogerson who pioneered the critique of financial management in combat. Building on these works, the resource management environment of Multi-National Force-Iraq is critically analyzed. The negative consequences of excessive spending are discussed. These consequences are linked to the strategic mission and the support of the American people, which ultimately determines the funding levels of the Defense Department. Benefits gained in the blank check policy are compared to the negative consequences.

Approved for public release: distribution unlimited / This thesis identifies and analyses the main aspects and challenges that have occurred to Georgia's National Security after regaining independence. Economic Security is the initial subject of analysis. The thesis examines the Ministry of Defense as a public sector agency; the problems in government institutions resulting from the old Soviet mentality and the lack of leadership skills in a democratic society which led to Georgia's political crisis and economic decline, as occurs to most countries in transition; specifics about the distribution of financial power in an unstable economic environment decline and the negative effects of instability on defense reform processes, particularly in the implementation of the PPB(E) System. The intent of this research is to explain the interrelationships of harmonious, sustainable growth and PPB(E) as an established system for transparency. The thesis provides a record and explanation of events that caused the current problems in defense planning and the budgeting process as well as recommendations for future improvements to the PPB(E) System in the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF). The main focus is on policy formulation and budget execution; performance; accountability; fiscal discipline; and transparency. The conclusion summarizes the paper, which presented the arguments for successful reforming processes in the GAF, particularly in its medium-term budgeting cycle. / Major, Georgian Army

Thesis (MS)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2008. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David E. Buschena. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62).

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Douglas J. Miller. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.