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Bakgrund: Behovet av palliativ vård i världen är beräknat till 40 miljoner människor varje år. Palliativ vård ska förbättra livskvaliteten, lindra lidande samt se döden som en naturlig del av livet. Anhörigvårdare spelar ofta stor roll för personer med obotlig sjukdom, vilket gör att de är en viktig tillgång i palliativ vård. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva anhörigvårdares upplevelser av att ge palliativ vård till en familjemedlem med cancer. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa studier framsökta i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed.  Resultat: Tre kategorier och sju subkategorier fastställdes med grund i litteraturstudiens resultat. Huvudkategorierna var: Sätta sitt eget liv på paus, Samverkan med vårdpersonal och En värdefull sista tid.  Konklusion: Anhörigvårdare behöver stöd från vårdpersonal för att inte lämnas ensamma med ansvaret över vårdandet av sin familjemedlem. Ansvarsfördelningen mellan anhörigvårdare och vårdpersonal behöver därmed tydliggöras. Stöd från vårdpersonal behövs också för att anhörigvårdare ska känna trygghet i vårdandet, samt få individuellt anpassad information och kommunikation. / Background: 40 million people are in need of palliative care each year worldwide. Palliative care should improve quality of life and relieve suffering. Family caregivers are often important for people with incurable disease, which makes them an important asset in palliative care.  Aim: The aim was to describe family caregivers’ experiences of providing palliative care to a family member with cancer. Methods: A literature study based on nine qualitative studies found in two databases: Cinahl and PubMed. Results: Three main categories were defined from the results of the literature study: Putting their own life on pause, Cooperation with healthcare professionals and A valuable last time. Conclusion: Family caregivers need support from healthcare professionals in order not to be left alone with the responsibility for the care of the family member. The distribution 0f responsibility between family caregivers and healthcare professionals also needs to be clarified. The support from healthcare professionals is also needed for family caregivers to feel secure in caring for the family member. Family caregivers also need individually adapted information and communication.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The study upon which this dissertation was based was conducted against the backdrop of day labouring as a global phenomenon. In order to position the research topic, namely, the lived experiences and hardships encountered by day labourers in East London in the province of the Eastern Cape of South Africa, a comprehensive review of the relevant available literature pertaining to the phenomenon was conducted. The review covered both international trends and the relatively few significant studies which have been conducted in South Africa. A mixed methods approach was adopted in order to gather both quantitative and qualitative data, by means of a research design whose theoretical framework was derived from systems theory and the strengths-based theory. Of the twelve hiring sites which had been identified in East London during the conducting of a national study, six were selected and a survey questionnaire was administered to three participants at each, which yielded a research sample of eighteen participants. The participants were selected at each site through the use of convenience or availability sampling. The data which the survey questionnaire generated was presented in the form of descriptive statistics and analysed by means of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to develop a socioeconomic and demographic profile of the participants. The findings of the quantitative study were subsequently evaluated against the qualitative data pertaining to the lived experiences of day labourers in East London, which was generated by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three participants who were willing to be interviewed at each site. The qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. The integration of the two sets of data enabled a credible and meaningful assessment of the lived experiences of day labourers in East London and the hardships which they are obliged to endure to be made. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made concerning appropriate strategies for integrating day labourers into initiatives which are designed to grant social justice to groups who continue to be unfairly marginalised and to live in abject poverty more than two decades after the official demise of apartheid.

Att vårda palliativa barn är en utmaning för sjuksköterskan. En viktig del i sjuksköterskans roll är att se till att barnet uppnår livskvalitet, att lindra lidande samt finnas som stöd både för barnet och barnets familj. En annan betydande del är att göra barnet delaktig i sin vård. Den palliativa vården för barn är lik den som ges vuxna men skiljer sig åt i hur barns tillstånd uppfattas och skillnader finns inom etik och självbestämmande. Syftet med studien är att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda barn i ett palliativt skede. Studien är en litteraturöversikt som är baserad på nio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar och en vetenskaplig tvärsnittsstudie. Resultatet är uppdelat i fem teman. I resultatet framkommer det att sjuksköterskor upplever sorg, empati samt bristande kommunikation. Dessa är några av de största utmaningarna sjuksköterskan ställs inför. Utmaningarna kan leda till att sjuksköterskor uppfattar att deras yrkesprofession kan påverkas. Betydelse av stöd samt definitionen av kunskap och kompetens lyftes fram. Den palliativa vården är psykiskt påfrestande för sjuksköterskor och behovet av stöttning är omfattande. Kunskap inom palliativ vård är av stor betydelse för sjuksköterskan och bidrar till en god och säker omvårdnad.

Racial profiling: Personal experiences that people of color face in Sweden  The purpose of this study is to explore the personal experiences of racial profiling that people of color face in Sweden. Racial profiling is a social issue in the world today and a much-disputed subject in the Swedish society. The study was conducted with qualitative interviews with four people of color in Sweden. The intersectionality perspective was used as an analytical tool to analyze the experiences people of color face with the help of social constructionism theory. The results showed that all four interviewees have experienced racial profiling in different settings in their lives. In addition, the study showed that the interviewees’ experiences of racial profiling differed depending on the interviewees’ identity attributes such as gender, race, and their religious affiliation affecting their vulnerability and experiences of racial profiling. The findings also show that the four informants have experienced and are vulnerable to everyday racism in Sweden due to the existing prejudices in the Swedish society.

Syftet med denna studie är att få en inblick i två grundsärskoleelevers erfarenheter av hur de har blivit bemötta i skolan. Studien är gjort utifrån forskningsansatsen livsberättelse för att på bästa sätt ge studiens informanters röster mest rättvisa. Informanterna går i årskurs nio i grundsärskolan och berättar om hur de har känt sig kränkta utav både elever som lärare genom åren, men det har även funnits många bra relationer under deras skoltid. De berättar om relationer med lärare som har förstått och hjälpt dem framåt. Även berättelser kring svårigheterna med att lära sig specifika ämneskunskaper och hur man kan bli bemött när svårigheter finns.  Studien visar också på hur den starka relationen som har skapats mellan Albin och Klara genom deras vänskap byggt en trygghet och känsla där de stöttar och hjälper varandra. Deras relation till sina hundar har även det en central del i deras berättelse om vänskap och förståelse. Albin och Klara har även ambitionen att föra fram konkreta tips till speciallärare som arbetar med elever i grundsärskolan, som exempelvis agerandet när man blir arg som elev eller pratar för mycket. Studien belyser även en del av den forskning som finns i det aktuella ämnet. / The purpose of this study is to listen to the experiences of two special school pupils regarding how they have been treated in school. The study is based on the research approach to life history in order to be most fair to study informants voices. Informants attend a ninth-grade class in special school and talk about how they have felt bullied by students and teachers over the years, but there have also been many good relationships over the years. They talk about relationships with teachers who have understood and helped them forward. There are also stories about the difficulties with learning specific subject knowledge and how one can be treated when those occur. The study also shows us the strong relationship that has been created between Albin and Klara. Through their friendship where they have found security and a feeling of being there and helping each other.  Their relationship with their dogs, which have a central part in their story, also speaks about friendship and understanding. They will also share concrete tips to all specialist teachers who work with pupils in the special school. Tips about what they want us to do when they become angry or talk too much. We will also read some of the research that’s found on the subject.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of social workers working with unaccompanied children within municipal social service in Sweden. In particular, this study seeked better understanding of the possibilities and challenges social workers experience in their work and also highlight the differences and similarities in the work with unaccompanied children and children who are not unaccompanied. An abductive approach was used, moving between empirics and theories. The empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews with ten social workers with experience of working with both unaccompanied and children who are not accompanied. The results showed that the social workers working with the target group unaccompanied children felt that the work was more rewarding, in comparison to those who didnt work with the target group. Further, the social workers experienced that the unaccompanied children were not as prioritised as other children and that the language within the social services categorized the unaccompanied children as an own group. Accordingly the social workers felt there were more challenges in working with unaccompanied children. The hope is that this study will be an eye opener for the social work, and stop the separation of unaccompanied children into its own group.

The purpose of this qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was to explore and describe nurses’ experiences of hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients in the psychiatric ward of a general hospital and to propose recommendations to the hospital management to support nurses who experienced hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients. Purposive sampling was used to identify the twelve nurses who participated in this study. Data were collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews, drawings and field notes. The data were analysed using Tesch’s descriptive method of open coding and the findings revealed that nurses experienced verbal abuse, physical abuse and sexual harassment from mentally ill patients, and had varied negative and positive responses to these forms of hostile behaviour. Main challenges were identified and recommendations were made to the hospital management to support nurses who experience hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any difference between beginning high school art students at Calhoun High School, Port Lavaca, Texas, who had had a junior high art experience and those who had no such experience in regard to their art information, art attitudes, and ability to produce quality art work. The Eisner Art Information and Art Attitude Inventories and three art performance tasks were administered to the population. Those with junior high art experience scored significantly higher on the art information inventory and art performance tasks than those without. The data support the positive effect of a junior high art experience on beginning high school art students.

Thesis advisor: Michael G. Barnett / Elementary science instruction and teacher preparation need improvement for various reasons: 1) preservice teachers lack opportunities to experience (Windschitl, 2003) or observe (Smith, 1999) inquiry science, 2) pre-service teachers have even fewer opportunities to practice teaching science in a classroom settings (Hewson, Tabachnick, Zeichner, & Lemberger, 1999); and 3) methods courses and field experiences fail to provide proper scaffolding and support for science teaching (Crawford, 1999). One way to improve preservice teacher growth and understanding in teaching inquiry science is through supported field based teaching experiences (Eick, Ware, & Williams, 2003). However, research is necessary to examine how innovative field-based science methods courses compare to traditional, university-based science methods course. This mixed methods study compares the experiences of thirty-two preservice teachers with a specific focus on four preservice teachers involved in either a field-based science methods course or a university-based science methods course. It examines the impact of the two courses on preservice teachers' confidence in teaching science content and beliefs regarding the role of inquiry-based science instruction with culturally and linguistically diverse students. Data sources included a pre/post survey that was distributed to preservice teachers in both courses, with additional interviews and final unit reviews for each of the four preservice teacher case studies. Themes were identified and re-examined through an analysis of the data which informed the development of four case studies, two from each class, to investigate specific trends between the two methods courses. Findings indicate that both field- and university-based instruction have strengths and weaknesses. This research suggests that field-based methods have a stronger impact on improving preservice teachers' beliefs and skills in regard to designing inquiry-based instruction for diverse students, while university-based course promotes greater confidence in preservice teachers' ability to teach different science content areas. However, preservice teachers in both courses struggled to create inquiry-based science lessons where students used evidence to support claims or construct explanations. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.