The research served a dual purpose: (i) to explore men’s subjective experiences of their violence toward their intimate partners and, (ii) to examine how men talk about their violence in an attempt to establish credibility in their accounts. The first emphasised the subjective and emotional bases of individual experience and the second contextualised these descriptions within a broader societal framework. Highlighting the shortcomings of a quantitative research paradigm, the research utilised a qualitative framework which privileged first-person descriptions as the primary sources of subjective meaning. Although oriented toward a phenomenological approach, the research drew upon elements of psychoanalysis and discursive psychology. Twelve men were recruited from three organisations in Johannesburg. Via in-depth semi-structured interviews, men’s most vivid incident(s) of violence were explored. Thematic analysis revealed two levels of meaning: men’s descriptions of their violence (narrative content) and, processes by which they talked about their violence (narrative form). On the subjective dimension, seemingly contradictory experiences of violence were evident, clustering around five central themes: (i) violence as ‘being out of control’, (ii) violence as ‘having control’ over another, (iii) the continuum of love and violence, (iv) violence versus emotionality and (v) the violent self as ‘not me’. In feminist-psychoanalytic terms, men’s emotional dependence on their partners was denied or repressed. Violence represented a negation or devaluation of the feminine where male vulnerability and powerlessness, once exposed, became intolerable to bear. The ability to integrate and tolerate contradictory aspects of self (i.e. ‘emotional’ and ‘rational’) was a decisive step towards healing and becoming the ‘changed man’. On the discursive level, through ‘talk’, men negotiated an identity of ‘changed man’ that provided distance from the ‘violent self’. Attention to the narrative as a persuasive tool revealed ways in which the men attempted to establish credibility in their accounts of violence – achieved by socially positioning themselves in relation to their violence, agreeing to talk and employing impression management ‘strategies’, such as dissociations, justifications and confessions. Reconciling the two levels of analyses, the tension between dominant gendered discourses on masculinity that men relied on (i.e. that which fosters masculine ‘toughness’, whilst diminishing ‘weakness’ or emotionality), and the psychological interior of their actual experiences was evident. A ‘multiplicity approach’ that accords significance to both societal constructions of gender and their impact on men’s behaviour, whilst giving expression to the psychological reality of men’s experiences could prove beneficial in fostering change.

In the fast changing world of a new, democratic South Africa (S.A.), the political, economic and social arenas are rapidly moving in new directions. In order to impact on important new policy developments as they are being developed and to impact on the planned changes in their fields, many adult education organisations saw the need to band together to form networks or associations and the like, through which to present their viewpoints or ideas at policy debates. In this way their views were backed by recognisable stakeholder or constituency groupings. One such networking organisation was established in 1989, well before the fastmoving, radical changes were so extreme in South Africa, namely, the Forum for the Advancement of Adult Education (FAAE). The aim of the FAAE was to inform, support and professionalize the field of Adult Education and Training via their networking activities. A t times it also acted as a structure to support: policy development. These aims continue today, although the work of the FAAE has broadened. This study looks at the role of “Networking” in Adult Education in South Africa to examine its process and its impact. The study explores the views and opinions of practitioners in different parts of South Africa and examines the case study of the FAAE as part of its data gathering, as it asks the questions: how, why, when and where does or should networking occur. What are the potential gains or problems involved in such an activity? The research design, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, attempts to provide quantitative details which accurately portray elements of the data gathered, as well as qualitative data which reflects the rich detail of the data explored. Although networking is being explored within a specific sector or community (adult continuing education), it is hoped that this study will open up ideas and possibilities to assist networking activities in other sectors or communities. It is hoped th at this study will catalyse other studies to explore the concept of “networking” and as a consequence, that more publications addressing this issue might arise.

Bakgrund: Cancer drabbar människor i alla delar av livet, frekvensen ökar bland äldre men även barn och unga drabbas. Unga vuxna är en definition på individer i åldrarna 18-30 år. Detta åldersspann kantas ofta av stora förändringar hos individen. Utbildning, jobb och relationer är faktorer som utvecklar identiteten och denna utveckling kan påverkas av sjukdomen. Bredare kunskaper i av individers erfarenheter kan underlätta sjuksköterskans arbete med att främja hälsa och minska lidande för individerna. Syfte: Beskriva unga vuxnas erfarenheter av att leva med cancer. Metod: litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design utifrån tio kvalitativa- och två kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Huvudresultat Deltagarna upplevde identitetsförändringar i samband med sjukdomen och dessa förändringar påverkade självbild och livskvalité. Sociala relationer påverkades av sjukdomen, dessa kunde stärkas eller försämras. Socialt stöd var viktigt, både från vårdpersonal och anhöriga. Deltagarna handskades med sjukdomen med hjälp av olika copingstrategier. Inom vården beskrevs ett behov av bättre information och mer kompetent personal. Deltagarna önskade flera förändringar i sjukhusmiljön, dessa innefattade inredning, mer aktiviteter och att vårdas med jämngamla individer. Slutsats Unga vuxnas erfarenheter av cancer tyder på att identitetsproblem ofta uppstår till följd av sjukdomen. Som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att se till patientens och anhörigas behov. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskor som jobbar med dessa människor har goda kunskaper om sjukdomen och behandling för att kunna ge adekvat vård och information. Sjukhusmiljön dessa människor vårdas i bör anpassas så jämngamla individer vårdas ihop. Professioner omkring sjuksköterskan bör användas flitigt såsom präst, kurator och även stödgrupper. / Background: Cancer affects people in all parts of life, the frequency increases among the elderly, but children and young adults are also affected. Young adults are a definition of individuals aged 18-30. This age range is often lined by major changes in the individual’s life. Education, jobs and relationships are factors that develop the identity and this development can be affected by the disease. Broader knowledge of individuals' experiences can facilitate the nurse's work in promoting health and reducing suffering for the individuals. Purpose: To describe young adults' experiences of living with cancer. Method: Literature study with descriptive design based on ten qualitative- and two quantitative scientific articles. Main Results: Participants experienced identity changes in connection with the disease and these changes affected self-image and quality of life. Social relations were affected by the disease, which could be strengthened or impaired. Social support was important, both from healthcare professionals and relatives. Participants dealt with the disease using various coping strategies. In health care, a need for better information and more competent staff was described. The participants wanted several changes in the hospital environment, these included interior design, more activities and to be cared for with individuals of equal age. Conclusion: Young adults' experiences of cancer indicate that identity problems often arise as a result of the disease. As a nurse, it is important to consider the needs of the patient and the relatives. It is important that nurses who work with these people have good knowledge of the disease and about the treatment to be able to provide adequate care and information. The hospital environment in which these people are cared for should be adapted so that equal-aged individuals are cared for together. Professionals around the nurse should be used extensively, such as priests, counsellors and support groups.

The traditional type of marketing is more directed towards big customer segments in specified areas. Due to technological improvement marketing has evolved into an extreme form of segmentation where marketing target the individual consumer based on their personal needs and preferences. This has led to a discussion of whether personalized marketing is something that create privacy concerns or benefits in the eyes of the consumer.     The purpose of this thesis is to explore the consumer perception of personalized marketing and how the perception affects the purchase decision-making process.   A conceptual framework was developed based on earlier research within personalized marketing. A qualitative method with an abductive approach has been used. Our primary data was collected through 8 different semi-structured interviews and consisted of men and women in the age span of 40-59 years’ old who had engaged in e-commerce at least once during the last six months.   Our empirical data has been analyzed out of the literature review, which founds the basis for our findings. Our findings show that the consumer perception of personalized marketing affect the consumer decision-making process in varying ways. A positive perception of the personalized marketing makes the consumer more susceptible to it, which further impacts the different stages in the process.

Social media platforms have the potential to influence destination choice among potential travellers.Before potential travellers embark on a trip, they are faced with decision-making processes on whereto go, what to do, the best time to go, how to get there among other things. These pre-travel planning decisions can be influenced by their expectation of the experiences they will encounter at the destination and based on their perception of the destination. Their perception of destinations isusually informed by information found on social media platforms or passed on by family and friendswho have encountered similar travel experiences. Using Crompton’s model of destination choice set,this study explores the roles of social media platforms on destination choice among international students in the Umea university.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur transpersoner upplever bemötande inom socialtjänsten. Enligt tidigare forskning har transpersoner olika upplevelser av bemötandet inom socialtjänsten. De har upplevt att de mötts med oförståelse och okunskap, blir felkönade och blir inte tilltalade vid sitt rätta namn. Positiva upplevelser handlade om respekt av transpersonernas könsidentitet och att de blev tilltalade med rätt pronomen. Det här är en kvalitativ studie som genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer per telefon med fyra personer. Studien har gjorts med induktiv metod och ett analytiskt ramverk som innehåller olika teorier och begrepp har valts utifrån datamaterialet. För att analysera studiens resultat har jag valt begreppet bemötande. Jag har även använt mig av socialkonstruktivistisk teori- Berger & Luckmanns sociologiska teori, begreppet heteronormativitet och teorin om den heterosexuella matrisen. Den heterosexuella matrisen handlar om förväntningar att alla är heterosexuella och övertygelsen om att det endast finns två separata kön som ställs i motsats till varandra. Studien har visat att transpersoner har olika upplevelser av bemötande inom socialtjänsten. Transpersoner har upplevt att de inte är tagna på allvar, bemöts med oförståelse och särbehandlas. Majoriteten av studiens respondenter har upplevt att de inte passar in i en given mall, det vill säga i heteronormen. Transpersoner har upplevt att sexuell läggning och könsidentitet ses av socialtjänstens handläggare som något socialt konstruerat och därför inte medfött, utan valt. Heteronormen och den homosexuella läggningen har lyfts av transpersoner som anledning till handläggarnas ovilja att hjälpa dem. Positiva upplevelser av bemötandet har handlat om att transpersoner har blivit bemötta lika oavsett könsidentitet, att handläggarna visat omtanke, respekt och erbjudit den hjälp som de behövde. Slutsatsen är att bemötandet kan upplevas olika beroende på vilken attityd handläggarna har samt hur transpersonerna själva definierar begreppet bemötande. Upplevelser av bemötandet inom socialtjänsten kan även variera från kommun till kommun. / The aim of the study was to examine how transgender people experience the treatment from social services. Previous research shows that experiences of treatment of transgender people by social services are various. Transgender people have experienced lack of understanding and knowledge, misgendering and being called by the false name. Good treatment that transgender people experienced included respect for transgender people’s gender identity and the use of right pronoun. This is a qualitative study based on semi- structured interviews and made through the phone with four persons. The study has been made with inductive method where an analytical framework with different theories and definitions was chosen taking into consideration the data. Treatment as definition was chosen to analyse the results of the study. I have even used the theory of social constructivism- Berger & Luckmann’s sociological theory as well as the definition heteronormativity and the theory on the heterosexual matrix. The theory on the heterosexual matrix is about expectations that everyone is heterosexual and belief that there are only two sexes that are opposites of each other.   The study has shown that transgender people’s experiences of treatment by social services are various. Transgender people have experienced lack of understanding. Furthermore, transgender people have experienced that they have not been taken seriously and have been discriminated. The majority of respondents has experienced that they do not fit the heteronorm. Transgender people have also experienced that sexual orientation and gender identity are seen by administrative officials as something social constructed, and therefore not innate, but chosen. The heteronorm and homosexuality have been lifted by transgender people as the reason why administrative officials did not want to help them. Good treatment transgender people have experienced was about equal treatment regardless of gender identity. Transgender people have experienced that administrative officials have shown that they respect and care about them as well as they have been offered help they needed. Conclusion of the study is that treatment experienced by transgender people depends on which attitude administrative officials have towards transgender people as well as on how transgender people define the concept treatment. Experiences of the treatment by social services can vary between different municipalities too.

Syftet med detta utvecklingsarbetet var att bidra med kunskap om hur elever på fritidshemmet kan vara delaktiga i undervisningen kring vila. Målet med projektet var att möjliggöra för eleverna att finna lugn och ro på fritidshemmet när ramfaktorerna brister. På fritidshemmet där utvecklingsarbetet genomfördes var barngruppen stor och ytan begränsad. För att genomföra detta utvecklingsarbete användes tre huvudområde: delaktighet, erfarenhet och ansvar. Eleverna var delaktiga i planeringen och fick erfarenhet genom att pröva på och ansvara för olika aktiviteter. Utvecklingsarbetet dokumenterades genom ljudupptagning och loggboksskrivande. Resultatet visade att elevernas delaktighet i undervisningen kring vila gjorde att de fick möjlighet till att finna lugn och ro på fritidshemmet.

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Denna studies syfte var att undersöka hur män i Sverige som fått en sen ADHD diagnos upplever sitt liv med ADHD. Undersökningen utfördes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av tre mäns självbiografiska böcker. Resultatet visade att ett liv med ADHD för män innebar till stor del svårigheter, vilket medförde många olika känslor. Studien visade också att ADHD diagnosen kunde underlätta situationen för männen, men att det fortfarande fanns svårigheter efter att de fått ADHD diagnosen. Studien visade även hur mycket det sociala livet och samhällets syn påverkade männens upplevelser, känslor, självkänsla och vardag. Studien visade därmed att samhällets normer och förväntningar inte är anpassade för de med ADHD. Studien visade att det därför är viktigt att utföra flera studier om hur samhället ser på funktionsvariationer, vilket leder till att man kan utveckla förebyggande arbeten. Därmed kan samhället bli mer anpassat för alla. / This study aims to review how men in Sweden who received a late ADHD diagnosis experience their lives with ADHD. The study conducted through a qualitative content analysis of three men's self-biographies. The result showed that life with ADHD for men causes difficulties. The study also showed that ADHD diagnosis could facilitate the situation for the men, but that it still existed difficulties after receiving the ADHD diagnosis. The study showed how much social life and society's view influenced men's experience, feelings, self-esteem, and daily life. However, the study showed that society has norms and expectations which are not adapted for people with ADHD. The study illustrated that it is therefore essential to carry out several studies about how society sees function variations. This can develop better conditions for people with disabilities. Consequently, society can be more adapted to everyone. According to the study, the society can be more adapted to everyone.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en autoimmun kronisk sjukdom som har ökat i antal drabbade de senaste 20 åren. Kontroll av plasmaglukosvärdet är centralt för att kunna utföra behandlingsåtgärder samt minska risken för komplikationer. En del av sjuksköterskans roll är att bidra med information, stödja och ge råd. Hantering av diabetes typ 1 bygger på egenvård där sjuksköterskan genom individanpassning kan skapa motivation till förändring hos personer med diabetes typ 1. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur personer med diabetes typ 1 upplever sitt dagliga liv Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där 10 artiklar analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet utmynnade i två huvudkategorier. Dagliga resurser, som efterföljs av underkategorierna behov av stöd från sjukvården, behov av socialt stöd och behov av kunskap. En diagnos som förändrar livet följt av underkategorierna vardagen struktureras och mental påverkan av egenvården. Resurser som stöd och kunskap beskrevs i relation till egenvård och det dagliga livet. Det framkom även att faktorer som struktur, ansvar och rädsla förändrades vid diabetes typ 1. Slutsats: Rädsla för hypoglykemi och bristande individualiserad vård var utmärkande bland deltagarna. Stöd och information kan utveckla möjligheten för sjuksköterskan att stötta personer med diabetes typ 1 i deras dagliga liv relaterat till egenvård. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune chronic disease wich has increased in number over the past 20 years. Control of the plasma glucose value is central to being able to perform treatment measures and reduce the risk of complications. Part of the nurse's role is to contribute information, support and advise. Management of diabetes type 1 is based on self-care where the nurse can, through individual adaptation, create motivation for change in people with type 1 diabetes. Aim: The aim was to describe how people with Type 1 Diabetes experiencing their daily life. Method: A literature review with an inductive onset, 10 articles was analyzed through Friberg’s five-step model. Results: The result culminated in two main categories. Daily resources, which are followed by the subcategories of need for healthcare support, the need for social support and the need for knowledge. A diagnosis that changes life followed by the subcategories everyday life is structured and mental impact of self-care. Resources like support and knowledge was described in relation to self-care and daily life. Factors of structure, responsibility and fear emerged to be changing in relation to diabetes type 1. Conclusion: Fear of hypoglycemia and lack of individualized care was characteristic throughout the result. Support and information can develop the opportunity for nurses to support people with type 1 diabetes in their daily lives related to self-care.