Background: When a person suffers from organ failure, an organ transplantation can save life. Persons on the waiting list often have mixed feelings like uncertainty and hope for the future. Even the time after transplantation is described like a period of physical and mental challenges during the recovering. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight persons´ experiences after an organ transplantation. Method: The method used was a literature-based study based on qualitative articles. A total of eight articles were analyzed with a Qualitative content analysis. Results: The results from the study showed that people experienced mixed feelings after transplantation and these were described in three main themes: A new reality, New strategies and Emotional roller coaster. Conclusion: People who have undergone an organ transplant experience both physical and mental stress during recovery. / Personer som drabbas av svikt i ett eller flera organ kan bli aktuella för en organtransplantation. Det är en medicinsk behandlingsmetod som kan rädda liv men samtidigt innebära många omställningar i personens liv. När personerna stod på väntelistan för organtransplantation hade de olika tankar inför sin kommande transplantation och förhoppningar inför livet som transplanterade. Studiens syfte var att belysa personers upplevelser av att ha genomgått en organtransplantation. Åtta artiklar valdes sammanlagt till studien. I resultatet framkom att personerna upplevde fysiska och psykiska påfrestningar efter operationen. Utifrån det formades tre teman En ny verklighet, Nya strategier och Känslomässig bergodalbana. Upplevelserna efter transplantationen hade både positiv och negativ karaktär. Personerna kände skuld, rädsla, tacksamhet och tillit över att ha mottagit ett organ från en avliden person. Chansen till ett nytt liv var något som många ville förvalta på bästa sätt. Personerna upplevde även förändrade roller i familjen och med vänner. De kunde återuppta sina intressen och sina roller som make/maka, förälder och vän. Personerna upplevde även begränsningar i sitt nya liv genom restriktioner i form av infektionskänslighet och medicinering. De flesta fick hjälp och stöttning från familj och upplevde att det och adekvat information från sjukvården gav dem trygghet i sitt tillfrisknande. Sjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i omhändertagandet av personer som genomgått en organtransplantation. Det framkom att många negativa upplevelser som personerna genomgick hade kunnat förhindras med hjälp av information. Genom ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt där varje person bemöts utefter deras förutsättningar och behov går det att förbättra omhändertagandet av personer som genomgått en transplantation och minska deras negativa upplevelser.

Bakgrund: Det palliativa vårdandets utgångspunkt är att lindra lidandet för patienter. Patienter med obotliga cancersjukdomar uppger att sjuksköterskor har en betydande roll i deras bearbetning av lidande. Problem: Utan ökad kunskap om lidande för patienter med obotlig cancersjukdom i palliativ vård, ges inte sjuksköterskor tillräckliga förutsättningar att möta patienterna i deras lidande. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienter med cancersjukdom i palliativ vård upplever lidande. Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Analysen av tio artiklar genererade två teman och fyra subteman. Det första temat är när cancern tar över kroppen och det andra temat är existentiella behov. Under dessa teman bildades fyra subteman: att förlora kontrollen, att känna fysisk smärta, att tvivla och tappa hoppet samt att ha tro och hitta tröst. Slutsats: Patienters lidande behöver ses utifrån fysiska, psykiska, psykosociala och existentiella behov för att nå optimal lindring av lidande. Ökad förståelse för patienters lidande vid en obotlig cancer inom palliativ vård kan generera sjuksköterskor som kan lindra deras lidande bättre. / Background: The aim of palliative care is to alleviate suffering for the patients. Patients with incurable cancer diseases state that nurses have a significant role in processing their suffering. Problem: Without increased knowledge of suffering for patients with incurable cancer disease in palliative care, nurses are not given sufficient prerequisites to meet patients in their suffering. Aim: To describe how patients with cancer in palliative care experience suffering. Method: A literature study with descriptive synthesis. Result: The analysis of ten articles generated two themes and four subthemes. One theme is when the cancer takes over the body and the other theme is existential needs. Under these themes, four subthemes were formed: losing control, feeling physical pain, doubting and losing hope and the last subtheme having faith and finding comfort. Conclusion: Patients suffering needs to be seen from physical, psychological, psychosocial and existential need to achieve optimal relief of suffering. Increased understanding of patients suffering in an incurable cancer in palliative care can generate nurses who can relieve their suffering better.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T20:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 6 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e compreender as implicações das experiências de movimento de acadêmicos de Educação Física nas suas vivências do currículo do curso. Para atingir esse objetivo, buscou-se conhecer as experiências de movimento dos investigados, desde a infância, em seus diversos espaços (rua, parques, escolinhas, escola, casa, universidade, clubes, etc.); conhecer os motivos que levaram os participantes da pesquisa a ingressar em um curso de formação inicial em Educação Física e as suas expectativas em relação ao mesmo; compreender como os acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física vivenciam esse currículo. Participaram do estudo quatro acadêmicos do curso de licenciatura plena em Educação Física de uma universidade de Caxias do Sul. Realizaram-se duas entrevistas com cada um desses acadêmicos, que foram analisadas com procedimentos de cunho hermenêutico. A discussão dos resultados foi feita com base em autores como Carrero da Costa et al., Zenólia Figueiredo, Hildebrandt, Kunz, entre outr / This research aims to analyze and understand the implications of the movement experiences learned by students of Physical Education throughout their participation in the development of the course curriculum. To meet this goal, we have sought to: learn the movement experiences of the students under this study from their childhood onwards in different environments (streets, parks, nursery schools, school, home, university, clubs, etc); establish the motives that have caused them to join a Physical Education course in its preliminary level, as well as their expectations towards it; understand how students of Physical Education follow and live through the curriculum content. Four students of Physical Education – of a teaching degree – from a University in Caxias do Sul, have participated in this study. Two interviews have been conducted with each of these students, after which they have been analyzed under an exegetical procedure. The results have been discussed based on authors such as Carrero da Costa et a

Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease, when a person is diseased, this also affects family, friends and the network around the person. Heart failure varies greatly related to day shape. Difficulties for families to understand the disease and its course of action are described. Experience with relatives highlights basic factors that can help to manage when a loved one is suffering from heart failure. Furthermore, related persons, patients and health care personnel are described, which together form a care team. Aim: To describe the patient experiences of living with heart failure. Method: A systematic literature study with a qualitative approach. Results: The result describes two themes and four sub-themes that treat patients' experiences of needs such as support and knowledge about the disease. Furthermore, consequences of the disease are described, such as limited autonomy and concern for changes in the future. It emerged that symptoms affect patients in everyday life and that knowledge is an important factor in being able to conduct self-care in the disease. Inadequate self-care increases the risk of symptoms which impair the disease and reduce the quality of life. Conclusion: People with heart failure experience suffering both mentally and physically. Relatives support and commitment play an important role in patients' vitality, this promotes self-care and daily routines can be carried out. Nursing staff play a major role in the disease process when the need for support and knowledge about the disease is desired. Key Words: Needs, Heart failure, Experiences, Systematic literature study, Qualitative / Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en kronisk sjukdom, då en person drabbas påverkar detta även familj, vänner och nätverket runt omkring den insjuknade. Hjärtsvikt varierar kraftigt relaterat till dagsformen. Svårigheter för familjer att förstå sjukdomen och dess förlopp beskrivs. Erfarenheter hos anhöriga belyser grundläggande faktorer vilka kan vara behjälpliga för att hantera situationer när en närstående drabbas av hjärtsvikt. Vidare beskrivs närstående, patient och vårdpersonal vilka figurerar tillsammans som ett vårdteam. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelse av att leva med hjärtsvikt. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Resultatet beskriver två teman och fyra subteman vilka behandlar patienters upplevelser av behov såsom stöd och kunskap kring sjukdomen. Vidare beskrivs konsekvenser av sjukdomen såsom begränsad autonomi och oro för förändringar i framtiden. Det framkom att symtom påverkar patienter i vardagen samt att kunskap utgör en viktig faktor för att kunna bedriva egenvård i sjukdomen. Undermålig egenvård ökar risker för symtom vilka försämrar sjukdomen och minskar livskvalitén. Slutsats: Personer med hjärtsvikt upplever lidande både psykiskt och fysiskt. Närståendes stöd och engagemang har en betydelsefull roll för patienters livskraft, detta främjar egenvård och dagliga rutiner går att utföra. Vårdpersonal spelar en stor roll i sjukdomsprocessen då behovet av stöd och kunskap kring sjukdomen önskas.   Nyckelord: Behov, Hjärtsvikt, Kvalitativ, Systematisk litteraturstudie, Upplevelse

Psychotic experiences (PEs) occur in the general population, beyond psychotic disorders. PEs are a risk factor for mental ill health in young people but can occur benignly in selected samples of adults. Environmental factors predispose to PEs but their underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Progress in understanding PEs may be limited by diverse conceptualisations, imprecise measurement and a lack of explanatory frameworks that can bridge the gaps between aetiological factors, their effects on the brain and their behavioural manifestations. In this thesis, I undertook a comprehensive investigation of the measurement, health implications, aetiology and computational mechanisms of PEs in adolescents and young adults using data from two large cohort samples, supplemented with smaller-scale behavioural studies. I first investigated the measurement of PEs. I assessed and optimised the measurement of PEs in young people by two self-report instruments. I then used latent variable modelling to show that a self-report and interview instrument measured the same underlying psychotic phenomena. Both instruments were able to measure severe PEs, while the self-report questionnaire also measured more mild psychotic phenomena. I then investigated the health implications of PEs. Using cluster analysis in both cohorts, I found replicable patterns of PEs at similar levels of intensity and persistence but with and without depressive symptoms and with varying risk of mental disorder. Paranoid ideation was more associated with depressive symptoms than non-paranoid unusual perceptions and beliefs. Childhood adversity was associated with both PE-prone groups, but later social support from family and friends was far higher in those with PEs and low depressive symptoms than those with PEs and high depressive symptoms. Subsequently, I investigated the role of the social environment in the development of PEs and psychopathology using longitudinal structural equation modelling. I found that asocial dispositions increased or preceded increase in PEs over one year, mediated by detriment to social support. Conversely, PEs did not precede or increase asociality. I then showed that dimensions of PEs and depressive symptoms were promoted by childhood adversity but differentially affected by later social support, with paranoid ideation being more influenced by support than non-paranoid unusual perceptions/beliefs. Finally, I investigated specific mechanisms of PEs in two behavioural studies. In the seventh study, I used computational modelling of reward learning to link PEs to reduced ability to modulate learning by confidence, replicating computational effects of a pharmacological model of psychosis. I also used a novel visual task to show that the manifestation of PEs as anomalous perceptions versus anomalous beliefs might be explained by over-reliance on different types of prior knowledge in perceptual inference. These results suggest that different conceptual approaches to PEs might be synthesised despite issues with their measurement. PEs in young people, while not entirely benign, are heterogeneously associated with psychopathology. Importantly, they characterise a minority of young people who are at very high transdiagnostic risk of mental illness but also occur without distress in young people, often in the context of a supportive social environment. Health outcomes in young people with PEs are predicted and potentially modified by social functioning and social relationships. PEs might arise from atypicalities in how the influences of information sources on perception and belief-updating are modulated according to their reliabilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 6980166 bytes, checksum: 866dbac8fe25c9c357c7f2a0dee0edb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This doctoral thesis discusses the transformations by which the city of Manaus has passed since the execution of a Free Trade Zone in the late 1960 until the present day. Starting from a reflection on the changes in a specific space, the area now called Manaus Moderna , this research seeks to understand the social and historical meanings of these changes and how they were seized and what meanings they had for the different social groups that constitute it. From a wide range of sources such as newspapers, photographs, oral sources and official sources, we performed an analysis of changes in this space, to reflect, above all, the moments of greatest stress. Thus, analyzing plans for recent interventions, such as Town Centre Living and Clash of Order , and talking to workers who work in that spaciousness, undertook a discussion about changes in the assumptions of public policies on intervention in public space, the meanings attributed to that area by some social groups and how they understand and treat these interventions. The research aims to reflect, too, upon the meanings of the construction of Beira Rio Avenue (Manaus Moderna Avenue), which, having been planned in the 1970s, was not carried over from 1980, from a project modernizing developed by the state sector, in order to adapt the city to the new reality of the Free Trade Zone (the Project Manaus Moderna ). It is analyzed also from the memories of stallholders, their photographic collections news and in newspapers of the time, the meanings, tensions and disputes in these two important moments in the transformation of the dynamics of the current area of Manaus Moderna occurred in the interstitium from 1980 to 1991, namely the deactivation of the well-known Staircase s Fair and the implementation of Fair Jorge Teixeira (Manaus Moderna). It was possible to see, before this study that this area also is configured as an area of dispute for different social groups that go there by printing their brands and building the city daily / Este trabalho problematiza as transformações pela quais a cidade de Manaus tem passado desde a efetivação da Zona Franca, nos fins da década de 1960, até os dias atuais. Partindo de uma reflexão acerca das mudanças de um espaço específico, a área atualmente denominada Manaus Moderna , essa pesquisa busca compreender os sentidos sociais e históricos dessas transformações, bem como a forma como elas foram apreendidas e quais significados tiveram para parte dos diferentes grupos sociais que a constituem. A partir de uma gama variada de fontes, como jornais diários, fotografias, fontes orais e fontes oficiais, foi realizada uma análise das mudanças nesse espaço, procurando refletir, sobretudo, sobre os momentos de maiores tensões. Assim, analisando planos de intervenções recentes, como Centro Vivo e Choque de Ordem , e conversando com trabalhadores que atuam naquela espacialidade, empreendeu-se uma discussão sobre as mudanças nas premissas das políticas públicas quanto à intervenção no espaço público, os sentidos atribuídos àquela área por alguns grupos sociais e a forma como estes compreendem e tratam essas intervenções. A pesquisa busca refletir, também, acerca dos sentidos da construção da Avenida Beira Rio (Avenida Manaus Moderna), que, tendo sido gestada na década de 1970, só foi efetivada ao longo dos anos de 1980, a partir de um projeto modernizador desenvolvido pelo poder público estadual, com o intuito de adequar a cidade à nova realidade da Zona Franca (o Projeto Manaus Moderna ). Analisa-se, ainda, a partir das memórias de feirantes, de seus acervos fotográficos e de notícias veiculadas em jornais da época, os significados, as tensões e as disputas presentes em dois momentos importantes na transformação da dinâmica da atual área da Manaus Moderna , ocorridos no interstício de 1980 a 1991, quais sejam a desativação da chamada Feira da Escadaria e a implantação da Feira Cel. Jorge Teixeira (Manaus Moderna). Foi possível perceber, diante deste estudo, que esse espaço ainda se configura enquanto espaço de disputas para diferentes grupos sociais que vão imprimindo ali suas marcas e construindo a cidade cotidianamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ester Fatima Vargem Rodrigues.pdf: 985819 bytes, checksum: a4e1acceae8cefbbbc13379227c9d78b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-21 / The present work on African immigration to Brazil in contemporary presents some aspects of my involvement with insertion in this subject, and brings up the question of the various forms and strategies that some African populations are able to cross the Atlantic, reviving diasporas. Was based on analysis of information from newspaper that made references to African immigrants , found in various forms to enter the ships anchored on the African coast, and thus achieve maximize their life chances . It also establishes dialogues with African immigrants who arrived here, in many different ways and times, with varying personal characteristics about their impressions about meanings that traverse the twenty-first century. Concludes with an overview of the political situation in Africa as well as the relationships that Brazil has established with African countries / O presente trabalho sobre a imigração africana no Brasil na contemporaneidade apresenta alguns aspectos da minha inserção no envolvimento com esta temática, e traz à tona a questão das diversas formas e estratégias que algumas populações africanas encontram para conseguir atravessar o Atlântico, revivendo diásporas. Baseou-se em análise de informações de notícias de jornais que fizessem referencias a imigrantes africanos, nas diversas formas encontradas para adentrar os navios ancorados no litoral africano, e desta forma conseguir potencializar suas possibilidades de vida. Também estabelece diálogos com imigrantes africanos que aqui chegaram, das mais diversas formas e épocas, com características pessoais variadas sobre suas impressões a respeito de significações dessa travessia no século XXI. Finaliza com um apanhado da situação política na África, bem como das relações que o Brasil vem estabelecendo com os países africanos

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar as experiências de haitianas e haitianos residentes na cidade de Porto Alegre. Com o propósito inicial de dar visibilidade para os novos fluxos migratórios que chegam ao Brasil, foi realizada uma etnografia na Vila Esperança Cordeiro e seu entorno, na Zona Norte da cidade, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Neste trabalho, a migração é problematizada como uma forma de resistência, em que o ato de migrar pode ser compreendido como uma ação adotada em face das vivências no país de origem e estando relacionada à luta por direitos humanos tanto na relação mantida com o Haiti como na inserção no Brasil. Abordo como a noção de resistência permeia a esfera local, nacional e global, sendo inicialmente pensada a partir da sua presença na história haitiana e na relação com a diáspora haitiana. Destaco que as noções de agência e de resistência são elementos que perpassam todo o campo etnográfico. A ideia de resistência é problematizada a partir das contribuições de Scott, que destaca as estratégias de resistência cotidianas. Inspirada pela antropologia da experiência, principalmente a partir de Das e de Fassin, abordo a importância de dialogar com os interlocutores ressaltando suas vozes através das histórias de vida, dos testemunhos e narrativas. Neste ponto, a partir das contribuições de Spivak, destaco as especificidades das experiências das mulheres haitianas, compreendendo quais são as dinâmicas de solidariedade existentes nas suas relações que se contrapõem à imposição do silenciamento e invisibilidade da mulher. Acompanhei ao longo da pesquisa etnográfica os espaços que eram percorridos e as relações que iam se formando, a partir das quais pude perceber a formação de diferentes redes de apoio. A noção de rede abordada neste trabalho tem como inspiração as contribuições de Latour sobre o movimento de seguir os atores e suas inovações e de Ingold acerca da compreensão dos fluxos e contra-fluxos. Acompanhando as redes percorridas pelos(as) migrantes em campo foi possível elaborar um “mosaico” destas redes, percebendo que ao longo do trajeto estas redes vão se cruzando e não estão isoladas. É a partir destas questões que esta dissertação busca compreender alguns aspectos vivenciados por haitianas e haitianos em Porto Alegre, destacando, porém, as suas contribuições enquanto uma etnografia que dialoga com uma realidade específica e localizada. Por fim, este trabalho incita a reflexão sobre estratégias voltadas para a inserção e o respeito à dignidade humana das e dos migrantes. / This dissertation aims to approach the experiences of Haitian dwellers in Porto Alegre city. With the initial purpose of standing out the new migratory flows that have achieved Brazil, there was performed an ethnography work at Vila Esperança Cordeiro and its surroundings in the north zone of Porto Alegre between 2014 and 2016. In this work, migration is problematized as a way of resistance, in which the act of migrating can be understand as a chosen action regarding to the individuals’ experiences in the mother country. The resistance is related to the fight for human rights as much in the relationship kept with Haiti, as in the insertion in Brazil. I seek the approaching of how the resistance notion permeates the local, national and global spheres, initially being conceived from its presence in Haitian history and in the relation with the Haitian diaspora. I highlight that the ideas of agency and resistance are elements that pervade the whole ethnographic work. The conception of resistance is problematized regarding to the contributions of Scott about everyday resistance strategies. Inspired by the anthropology of experience, specially by Das and Fassin, I approach the importance of dialoguing with the interlocutors while stressing their voices through their life stories, their testimonies and narratives. At this point, and from the contributions of Spivak, I emphasize the specificities of Haitian women experiences, realizing which are the existent dynamics of solidarity among their relationships that stands as opposition against the pressures to make them mute and invisible. During the ethnographic research, I observed the spaces in which the individuals went through, as well as the relationships they stablished. According to that observations, I could realize the shaping of distinct social support networks. The conception of network approached in this work has as inspiration the contributions of Latour about the movement of following the actors and their innovations. Besides of Latour, the contributions of Ingold about the comprehension of flows are also considered. Following the networks roamed by the migrants in field, it was possible to build a “mosaic” of that networks and perceive that, along the paths, they intersect each other and are not isolated. It is based in all the issues exposed that this dissertation aims to understand some aspects experienced by Haitian individuals in Porto Alegre. I highlight the contributions of this research as an ethnography that dialogues with a specific and localized reality. Lastly, this dissertation encourages the reflection about strategies directed to the insertion and respect regarding to the human dignity and to migrants.

South Africa is a country with a high mortality rate because of tuberculosis and increasing cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis makes it a global health problem. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable but without proper treatment many of the infected have no chance of survival. Nurses has an essential role as team leaders for the community health workers in the tuberculosis care. The aim of this study is to investigate nurses' experiences of being team leaders for the community health workers in the care of tuberculosis patients. This study is based on semi-structured interviews with seven nurses working as team leaders in the tuberculosis care in different suburbs in Western Cape, South Africa. The nurses experienced that their leadership gets affected by many obstacles in their daily work. A nurse team leadership have a major effect on the quality of care and the community health workers have an essential role by reaching out to the patients in the communities. To develop the cooperation between the nurses and the community health workers, more resources are needed. Therefore a good cooperation is the key to compete against tuberculosis. This study was sponsored by the Swedish Development Cooperation Agency as a Minor Field Study

Bakgrund: I Sverige utfördes den första hjärttransplantationen år 1984 i Göteborg. En ökande trend har identifierats genom åren och Sverige är det land som utför flest hjärttransplantationer i Skandinavien. Det är vid svår hjärtsvikt som den drabbade kan bli kandidat för eventuell hjärttransplantation och sjuksköterskan har en nyckelroll i omvårdnaden av dessa patienter. Omvårdnadens syfte är att förbättra patientens chans för överlevnad och livskvalitet. Syfte: Beskriva organmottagares upplevelser av att ha genomgått en hjärttransplantation. Metod: En litteraturbaserad metod för att bidra till evidensbaserad omvårdnad med grund i analys av kvalitativ forskning. Resultat: Fyra kategorier identifierades; En ny livssituation, förändrad syn på livet, ta del av andra erfarenheter och nya tankar inför framtiden, med tio underkategorier. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att patienter som genomgått en hjärttransplantation upplever en förändrad vardag och livssyn. Nya insikter om livet och upplevelse av att fått en ny chans skapas. Detta väcker känsla av tacksamhet och skyldighet gentemot sin donator. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde att stödet från sjukvården var bristfälligt, både inför och efter operationen och att det är bristen på information som upplevs som central. / Background: The first heart transplant performed in Sweden took place in 1984 in Gothenburg. An increasing trend has been identified over the years and Sweden is the country that performs most heart transplants in Scandinavia. It is in case of severe heart failure that the affected person can become a candidate for any heart transplant and the nurse has a key role in the care of these patients. The purpose of nursing is to improve the patient's chance of survival and quality of life. Aim: The aim was to describe the organ recipient’ experience after having a heart transplant. Method: A literature-based study where the data consisted of qualitative articles. Result: Four categories were identified; A new life situation, changed view of life, influence from others and new thoughts about the future with ten subcategories. Conclusion: The result shows that patients who have undergone a heart transplant experience a changed everyday life and belief. New insights about life and the experience of having a new chance created. This arouses a sense of gratitude and obligation towards their donor. The majority of the patients felt that the support from the health service was inadequate, both before and after the surgery and that it is the lack of information that is perceived as central.