This thesis proceeds via a critique of the labour process debate and its central conception of "control" to the attempt to develop an alternative theory of the labour process based on an analysis of exploitation. This involves the use of a classical Marxist model of capitalist economics in which the primary objective of valorisation is emphasised as structuring the organisation of the contemporary labour process. Two aspects of this objective are invoked; that relating to the extraction of surplus value, in which both the intensification and abstraction of labour are noted as continuing tendencies in the development of the labour process, and that relating to the relationship between paid and unpaid labour time, in which the commodity status of labour is seen as central in integrating the issue of subsistence into the heart of the labour process itself. In locating these interlinked strands in the structuring of the labour process the thesis takes on two further tasks: firstly to demonstrate the centrality of contradictions within the capitalist labour process; and secondly to unite objective and subjective in the consideration of that labour process. This latter task shapes the third theme within the thesis , the analysis of worker response or "class consciousness". Our argument in this respect has focussed on the need to recognise worker response and resistance as centrally "economistic", but at the same time has indicated the political implications of such response. Empirical material from the two case studies undertaken within the thesis is presented in order to sustain this argument, along with a briefer survey of some published studies. Overall, the analysis holds that while worker response must be recognised as economistic rather than "control"-oriented, such response is rooted in the contradictions of the capitalist labour process,and can thus be understood as endemically undermining its structures

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 167-171).

Le Saulnois est un « vieux pays » lorrain. Son histoire, liée au sel et à son exploitation fait de lui un objet géohistorique incomparable. Le « pas de temps » d’analyse des paysages agraires du Saulnois, du Halstatt à nos jours, est exceptionnellement long. Cela permet ainsi de mettre en oeuvre une étude globale et multiscalaire des paysages et des faciès paysagers en les confrontant au « temps long » des historiens. Le recensement des éléments paysagers actuels, leur lecture et leur interprétation par le biais de l’histoire, mais aussi la recherche de « signes » paysagers anciens, relocalisés dans l’actuel constituent une première étape. Cette « sédimentologie » des signes paysagers permet ensuite de reconstituer, avec plus ou moins de précisions, les grandes phases d’élaboration, de stabilisation et d’évolution des paysages des campagnes du Saulnois. L’étude a ainsi permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs grands cycles paysagers ayant développé chacun leurs structures propres. Ces dernières ont été soit totalement délaissées soit réutilisées au sein du nouveau cycle et ainsi pérennisées au sein des paysages du cycle suivant. L’importance des évolutions, les conditions de mutation des systèmes paysagers soulignent des grandes ruptures souvent exogènes qui facilitent ces transformations. Ainsi, la guerre de Trente Ans a été le catalyseur de la diffusion de l’openfield « parfait » et du modèle du village-rue, en faisant table rase des anciennes structures des systèmes agraires précédents. Le Saulnois a connu six grands cycles dont le plus ancien pré-romain n’est que partiellement reconstituable. Les autres cycles sont, eux plus complètement recomposable avec leur phase de construction, leur apogée climacique et leur détérioration qui amorce déjà la phase de construction du cycle suivant. Ces cycles s’organisent chronologiquement. / The Saulnois is an ancient part of Lorraine. Its past has always been confused with salt mining and as such is of a unique geo-historical interest. The analysis of the timeless Saulnois scene, from the Halstatt to the present is an exceptionally long story. It allows for a global and multiscale study to match against the ‘long-time’-scaling of historicity. The contemporary landscape census and its interpretation through historical biais, along with hints of recycled ancient sites, are a first step. This stratification gives a reasonably accurate reconstruction of the making, the settling and the evolution of the Saulnois. This study has exposed some of the great self-made landscapes. With time, these have been either abandonned or recycled during evolutionary processes. Their importance along with the mutation of agrarian scenes underline frequent exogenous intrusions which add to the process. The Thirty Years War was the catalyst of a perfect openfield and hamlet diffusion process. It anihilated all preceding agrarian systems. The Saulnois has lived through six principal cycles which include its construction, its climax, and its fall, which is where the new cycle steps-in.

No description available.

The American International Pictures (AIP) Beach Party Films were a major American cultural phenomenon in the early 1960s and continue to play a significant role in the American cultural imagination. The AIP Beach Party Films, despite their popularity and influence, have been largely ignored by academia and a thorough academic examination has yet to be written. This thesis attempts to change such an academic precedent. At first glance, the Beach Party Films are frivolous and chaotic (perhaps explaining the lack of academic inquiry). However, upon closer examination, the Beach Party Films are laden with cultural artifacts, insights into American culture of the late 1950s and early 1960s and provide a view into the tenuous relationship between 1960s American dominant culture and developing countercultures. Further, the Beach Party Films reveal a 1960s cultural lull; a culture that was caught between the dominant culture of 1950s America and the explosive cultural changes of the late 1960s that had yet to occur. By closely looking at the AIP Beach Party Films, and doing so through the lens of various cultural critics, there can be described potential cultural perspectives from early 1960s America.

Ce travail de thèse, le premier pour la Sardaigne consacré entièrement à la production sur silex, offre un regard nouveau sur les assemblages en pierre taillée du Néolithique, mettant en lumière la manière dont les différentes phases de la production lithique sont mises en place, depuis l'acquisition de la matière première jusqu'à l'obtention de produits finis. Cela sur la durée et sur une aire géographique vaste. D’autre part, il permet de reconstruire le comportement des néolithiques par rapport à ce matériel et, par rapport aux autres ressources lithiques exploités durant l’arc chronologique analysé, l’obsidienne en particulier. / In Sardinia the use of siliceous raw materials for the production of chipped stone artifacts is frequent in prehistory, although to varying degrees in relation to the areas and periods analyzed. These lithotypes, characterized by different qualities, have a great variability and a wide spread over the entire region. This work presented a summary of the diachronic variations in lithic flint production during the Neolithic, focusing on the one side, to describe their typological and technological features and, on the other side, to illustrate the variations in the raw material selection behaviors occurred in this period.

International entrepreneurship (IE) exists at the interface of two distinct research fields - entrepreneurship and international business (IB). However, IE studies typically fail to integrate research from both fields, leaning much more towards IB. This study uses core concepts from entrepreneurship to explain the export performance of early internationalising firms. It contributes to the network and international opportunity-based view in IE by incorporating the twin concepts of exploration and exploitation into a dynamic capability perspective, showing how these affect export performance. While early internationalising firms including born globals constitute an important component in IE, empirical interest in this field focuses on high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries from developed countries. In addition, research in the field is mainly of qualitative nature investigating small numbers of firms. Therefore, much is unknown about how early internationalising firms differ in their dynamic network capabilities and opportunity related capabilities. We investigate these aspects using structural equation modelling based on a sample of 647 SMEs and large, young and mature export start-ups operating in the traditional low-tech apparel industry from a South Asian developing country (Bangladesh). This study shows that both network exploitation and exploration capabilities positively influence international opportunity exploitation and exploration capabilities. In turn, international opportunity exploitation and exploration capabilities influence export performance. This study also demonstrates that the relationship between network capabilities and export performance is both direct and indirect through the mediation of the twin international opportunity capabilities. The moderation analysis of firm age and size sheds additional light on the liabilities of newness and smallness of early internationalising firms. Interestingly, we find that the liabilities of smallness and newness do not have the same influence in different stages of IE. The role of firm size is more pronounced at the earlier stage of IE. In contrast, firm age accentuates in the later stage of the twin opportunity capabilities-export performance relationship. One possible explanation of this may be that developing and managing networks for the purpose of exploiting and exploring international opportunities is the most effortful and resource demanding stage in the entrepreneurial process. During this stage, owner-managers assess their own organisational resources, explore the possibilities of attracting external network resources and match their own resources with those of network partners. This stage reflects what is called "resource orchestration" in the strategic entrepreneurship literature. In the later stage, when opportunities are already developed and exploited, only minimal resources are then needed to achieve performance advantage. Age becomes a dominant factor because older firms derive greater performance advantage than younger firms due to their accumulated experience and learning throughout the years. This study indicates that firms may overcome their liability of smallness by connecting with new foreign partners, especially customers, resulting in more export orders. Policy makers can also help them connect with new partners by organising trade fairs, trade missions and sponsoring other promotion programmes. With respect to the liability of newness prevailing in the later stage, owner-managers should work with prominent business partners to help them get good referrals and overcome the lack of legitimacy in establishing new relations. Finally, the managers of early internationalising firms should be empowered to develop relationships with external partners.

There is concern that the use of financial incentives might exert an undue influence on potential research participants; unable to resist the lure of a large financial incentive, an individual might enroll in a trial against his or her better judgment. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the concept of undue inducement, and determine if the use of incentives in research is really problematic in this way. I suggest that ‘undue inducement’ mislabels a different problem --inadequate comprehension by research participants-- and argue that a strong comprehension requirement is the solution to the real problem raised by the use of incentives to participate in research. I also consider objections to a strong comprehension requirement, and examine whether a strong comprehension requirement provides a solution to the problems of coercion and exploitation in clinical research trials in the same way that it solves the problem of undue inducement.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

We compare market returns associated with firms' creation of new units focused on e-business. Two aspects of organization design - governance and leadership - are considered with regard to exploitation - and exploration-oriented organization learning. We find that exploitation in governance (high centralization) is associated with a lower mean and variance in returns; that exploitation in leadership (appointment of outsiders) is associated with the same mean yet higher variance; and, among units exhibiting both modes of learning, the variance of returns are not equal.