61 |
Analýza poškození vozidel po malé dopravní nehodě / Analysis of Vehicle Damage after a Minor Car AccidentPsica, Lukáš January 2014 (has links)
The thesis deals with the analysis of small accidents. Its attention is focused on the estimated amount of money needed to repair a vehicle immediately after the accident and later on the real amount that is actually necessary to fix the vehicle. In practice, it often happens that an accident may seem minor at first glance. Only after dismantling of a damaged vehicle and its parts it is found that the damage is much greater than initially predicted. Attention is focused as well on constantly growing insurance frauds. Nowadays, there is no literature concerning this issue.
|
62 |
Kvalité i hållbarhetsrapporter : En kvantitativ studie om kvalité i statligt ägda och privatägda företags hållbarhetsrapporterFernqvist, Isabelle, Kolmodin, Desiré January 2022 (has links)
Titel: Kvalité i hållbarhetsrapporter - En kvantitativ studie om kvalité i statligt ägda företag och privatägda företags hållbarhetsrapporter Författare: Isabelle Fernqvist & Desiré Kolmodin Handledare: Linus Axén Nyckelord: Hållbarhetsrapportering, Kvalité, Kvalitetsindex, Omfattning, Hybridorganisationer, Statligt ägda företag, Privatägda företag Bakgrund: Hållbarhetsrapportering är ett högst aktuellt och omtalat ämne i dagens samhälle, där förväntningar på företag att rapportera sina hållbarhetsaktiviteter och klimatrelaterade risker ökar allt mer. Kvalitén på innehållet i hållbarhetsrapporter är av stor betydelse då företags intressenter riskerar att reagera negativt om hållbarhetsrapporten inte uppfyller deras förväntningar. Trots det visar undersökningar att svenska företag tenderar att enbart redovisa positiva miljöavtryck snarare än konkreta miljökonsekvenser, och brister därmed i sin hållbarhetsrapportering. Tidigare studier uppger en brist på forskning om hur olika ägarstrukturer kan påverka kvalitén på hållbarhetsrapporter. Statligt ägda företag och privatägda företag skiljer sig i ägarstruktur och har därmed olika syften med sina verksamheter, vilket driver studien att jämföra om det finns skillnader i kvalité mellan företagens hållbarhetsrapporter. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att förklara och jämföra kvalité i statligt ägda företag och privatägda företags hållbarhetsrapporter Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats, då en hypotes genereras utifrån en litteraturgenomgång. En innehållsanalys genomförs för att koda kvalitativ information i hållbarhetsrapporter till kvantitativ information genom att samla in data från årsredovisningar och hållbarhetsrapporter. Insamlad data från 30 statligt ägda företag och 30 privatägda företag analyseras sedan i SPSS. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att olika ägarstrukturer påverkar hållbarhetsrapportering i form av att statligt ägda företags hållbarhetsrapporter har bättre kvalité jämfört med privatägda företag. Ett signifikant positivt samband föreligger mellan kvalité och statligt ägda företag där statligt ägda företag uppnår ett högre genomsnittligt kvalitetsindex och rapporterar fler antal ord i sina hållbarhetsrapporter. Av studiens kontrollvariabler visade storlek starkast signifikant positivt samband med kvalitén i hållbarhetsrapporter. / Title: Quality in sustainability reports - A quantitative study about quality in state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises sustainability reports Authors: Isabelle Fernqvist & Desiré Kolmodin Supervisor: Linus Axén Keywords: Sustainability reporting, Quality, Quality Index, Extent, Hybrid organizations, State-owned enterprises, Privately owned enterprises Introduction: Sustainability reporting is a current and discussed topic in today's society, where expectations on companies to report their sustainability activities and climate-related risks are increasing. The quality of the content in sustainability reports is of great importance as companies stakeholders can react negatively if the sustainability report does not meet their expectations. Nevertheless, studies show that Swedish companies tend to report positive environmental impacts rather than concrete environmental consequences which can lead to inadequate sustainability reports. Previous studies show a lack of knowledge on how different ownership structures can affect the quality in sustainability reports. State-owned and privately owned enterprises differ in ownership structure and thus have different purposes with their organizations, which leads the study to compare whether there are differences in quality between sustainability reports. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explain and compare quality between stateowned enterprises and privately owned enterprises sustainability reports. Method: The study has a quantitative method with a deductive approach, as a hypothesis is generated based on a literature review. A content analysis is performed to code qualitative information in sustainability reports to quantitative information by collecting data from annual reports and sustainability reports. The collected data from 30 state-owned and 30 privately owned enterprises are then being analyzed in SPSS. Conclusion: The results of the study show that different ownership structures affect sustainability reporting where state-owned enterprises´ sustainability reports have better quality compared to privately owned enterprises. There is a significant positive relationship between quality and state-owned enterprises. They achieve a higher average quality index and report more words in their sustainability reports. The control variable size showed the strongest significant positive relationship with quality in sustainability reports.
|
63 |
Multisensor Microwave Remote Sensing in the CryosphereRemund, Quinn P. 14 May 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Because the earth's cryosphere influences global weather patterns and climate, the scientific community has had great interest in monitoring this important region. Microwave remote sensing has proven to be a useful tool in estimating sea and glacial ice surface characteristics with both scatterometers and radiometers exhibiting high sensitivity to important ice properties. This dissertation presents an array of studies focused on extracting key surface features from multisensor microwave data sets. First, several enhanced resolution image reconstruction issues are addressed. Among these are the optimization of the scatterometer image reconstruction (SIR) algorithm for NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) data, an analysis of Ku-band azimuthal modulation in Antarctica, and inter-sensor European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) calibration. Next, various methods for the removal of atmospheric distortions in image reconstruction of passive radiometer observations are considered. An automated algorithm is proposed which determines the spatial extent of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions from NSCAT data. A multisensor iterative sea ice statistical classification method which adapts to the temporally varying signatures of ice types is developed. The sea ice extent and classification algorithms are adopted for current SeaWinds scatterometer data sets. Finally, the automated inversion of large-scale forward electromagnetic scattering of models is considered and used to study the temporal evolution of the scattering properties of polar sea ice.
|
64 |
Multitemporal Remote Sensing for Urban Mapping using KTH-SEG and KTH-Pavia Urban ExtractorJacob, Alexander January 2014 (has links)
The objective of this licentiate thesis is to develop novel algorithms and improve existing methods for urban land cover mapping and urban extent extraction using multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. Past studies have demonstrated that synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have very good properties for the analysis of urban areas, the synergy of SAR and optical data is advantageous for various applications. The specific objectives of this research are: 1. To develop a novel edge-aware region-growing and -merging algorithm, KTH-SEG, for effective segmentation of SAR and optical data for urban land cover mapping; 2. To evaluate the synergistic effects of multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR and HJ-1B multi-spectral data for urban land cover mapping; 3. To improve the robustness of an existing method for urban extent extraction by adding effective pre- and post-processing. ENVISAT ASAR data and the Chinese HJ-1B multispectral , as well as TerraSAR-X data were used in this research. For objectives 1 and 2 two main study areas were chosen, Beijing and Shanghai, China. For both sites a number of multitemporal ENVISAT ASAR (30m C-band) scenes with varying image characteristics were selected during the vegetated season of 2009. For Shanghai TerraSAR-X strip-map images at 3m resolution X-band) were acquired for a similar period in 2010 to also evaluate high resolution X-band SAR for urban land cover mapping. Ten major landcover classes were extracted including high density built-up, low density built-up, bare field, low vegetation, forest, golf course, grass, water, airport runway and major road. For Objective 3, eleven globally distributed study areas where chosen, Berlin, Beijing, Jakarta, Lagos, Lombardia (northern Italy), Mexico City, Mumbai, New York City, Rio de Janeiro, Stockholm and Sydney. For all cities ENVISAT ASAR imagery was acquired and for cities in or close to mountains even SRTM digital elevation data. The methodology of this thesis includes two major components, KTH-SEG and KTH-Pavia Urban Extractor. KTH-SEG is an edge aware region-growing and -merging algorithm that utilizes both the benefit of finding local high frequency changes as well as determining robustly homogeneous areas of a low frequency in local change. The post-segmentation classification is performed using support vector machines. KTH-SEG was evaluated using multitemporal, multi-angle, dual-polarization ASAR data and multispectral HJ-1B data as well as TerraSAR-X data. The KTH-Pavia urban extractor is a processing chain. It includes: Geometrical corrections, contrast enhancement, builtup area extraction using spatial stastistics and GLCM texture features, logical operator based fusion and DEM based mountain masking. For urban land cover classification using multitemporal ENVISAT ASAR data, the results showed that KTH-SEG achieved an overall accuracy of almost 80% (0.77 Kappa ) for the 10 urban land cover classes both Beijign and Shanghai, compared to eCognition results of 75% (0.71 Kappa) In particular the detection of small linear features with respect to the image resolution such as roads in 30m resolved data went well with 83% user accuracy from KTH-SEG versus 57% user accuracy using the segments derived from eCognition. The other urban classes which in particular in SAR imagery are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity were classified superiorly by KTH-SEG. ECognition in general performed better on vegetation classes such as grass, low vegetation and forest which are usually more homogeneous. It is was also found that the combination of ASAR and HJ-1B optical data was beneficial, increasing the final classification accuracy by at least 10% compared to ASAR or HJ-1B data alone. The results also further confirmed that a higher diversity of SAR type images is more important for the urban classification outcome. However, this is not the case when classifying high resolution TerraSAR-X strip-map imagery. Here the different image characteristics of different look angles, and orbit orientation created more confusion mainly due to the different layover and foreshortening effects on larger buildings. The TerraSAR-X results showed also that accurate urban classification can be achieved using high resolution SAR data alone with almost 84% for eight classes around the Shanghai international Airport (high and low density built-up were not separated as well as roads and runways). For urban extent extraction, the results demonstrated that built-up areas can be effectively extracted using a single ENVISAT ASAR image in 10 global cities reaching overall accuracies around 85%, compared to 75% of MODIS urban class and 73% GlobCover Urban class. Multitemporal ASAR can improve the urban extraction results by 5-10% in Beijing. Mountain masking applied in Mumbai and Rio de Janeiro increased the accuracy by 3-5%.The research performed in this thesis has contributed to the remote sensing community by providing algorithms and methods for both extracting urban areas and identifying urban land cover in a more detailed fashion. / <p>QC 20140625</p>
|
65 |
The impact of ischemic injury on behavioral outcomes and cortical interactions in ratsTouvykine, Boris 03 1900 (has links)
L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est une maladie débilitante qui a rendu des centaines de milliers de personnes handicapées. Les lésions du cortex moteur entraînent des déficiences motrices dont certaines sont permanentes. Le rat est le modèle animal le plus populaire dans la recherche sur les AVC. Il est capable de mouvements adroits d'atteinte et de préhension malgré un système moteur cortical beaucoup plus simple qui se compose de deux régions motrices des membres antérieurs, une plus grande région, l’aire caudale de la patte antérieure (CFA), considérée comme un équivalent du M1; et une plus petite, l’aire rostrale de la patte antérieure (RFA), considérée comme prémoteur. Leur contribution exacte à la production de mouvement, et leurs effets modulateurs sur le cortex moteur controlatéral ne sont pas clairs. L'effet des AVC sur les différentes modalités de mouvement et sur la réorganisation ipsi- et contralésionnelle n'a pas non plus été quantifié chez le rat.
L'ensemble actuel d'expériences vise à établir l'impact de l'AVC ischémique sur les résultats comportementaux et les interactions corticales chez le rat. Dans le chapitre 1, le contexte scientifique et les connaissances actuelles de l’AVC comme trouble moteur du système nerveux central sont revus. Dans le chapitre 2, une relation entre les accidents vasculaires cérébraux de différentes tailles et les troubles du comportement et la récupération sur différentes modalités comportementales a été établie. Dans le chapitre 3, nous avons caractérisé les différences de retour moteur de deux régions corticales du membre antérieur et quantifié les effets modulateurs du cortex moteur du membre antérieur controlatéral sur ledit retour moteur. Enfin, nous avons quantifié la réorganisation du retour moteur et la modulation controlatérale suite à un accident vasculaire cérébral dans le cortex moteur des membres antérieurs au chapitre 4. Le chapitre 5 conclue la thèse avec une discussion générale et des orientations futures pour la recherche.
Les résultats présentés ici établissent un lien clair entre les dommages aux sous-régions corticales et l'altération de domaines moteurs spécifiques. La caractérisation des différences dans les retours moteurs du CFA et du RFA ainsi que leurs interactions interhémisphériques ont confirmé leurs rôles distincts dans le contrôle moteur et établit une base pour des comparaisons avec les primates. Enfin, des preuves nouvelles et surprenantes de réorganisation bilatérale après un AVC ont été définies et caractérisées. / Stroke is a debilitating condition that has left hundreds of thousands of people disabled. Injury to the motor cortex leads to motor impairments, some of which are permanent. The rat is the most popular animal model in stroke research. It is capable of dexterous reach and grasp movements, despite having a much simpler cortical motor system, which consists of two forelimb motor regions; the larger area is the caudal forelimb area (CFA), thought to be an M1 equivalent, and the smaller one is rostral forelimb area (RFA), considered to be premotor. Neither their exact contribution to movement production nor modulatory effects on the contralateral motor cortex are clear. The effect of strokes on different movement modalities and the ipsi- and contralesional reorganization has not been quantified in the rat either.
The current set of experiments set out to establish the impact of ischemic stroke on behavioral outcomes and cortical interactions in the rat. Chapter 1 introduces the scientific background and the present understanding of stroke as a motor disorder of the central nervous system. In Chapter 2, a relationship between strokes of various sizes and behavioral impairment and recovery on different behavioral modalities was established. In Chapter 3, we characterized the differences in motor outputs from two cortical forelimb regions and quantified the modulatory effects of the contralateral forelimb motor cortex on said motor outputs. Lastly, we quantified the reorganization of motor outputs and contralateral modulation following a stroke in the forelimb motor cortex in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis with the general discussion and future directions.
The results presented here establish a clear link between damage to cortical subregions and impairment to specific motor domains. Characterization of differences in motor outputs of the CFA and RFA as well as their interhemispheric interactions confirmed their distinct roles in motor control and lay the groundwork for comparisons to primates. Lastly, novel and surprising evidence of bilateral reorganization after stroke was defined and characterized.
|
66 |
Optimum Event Detection In Wireless Sensor NetworksKarumbu, Premkumar 11 1900 (has links) (PDF)
We investigate sequential event detection problems arising in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A number of battery–powered sensor nodes of the same sensing modality are deployed in a region of interest(ROI). By an event we mean a random time(and, for spatial events, a random location) after which the random process being observed by the sensor field experiences a change in its probability law. The sensors make measurements at periodic time instants, perform some computations, and then communicate the results of their computations to the fusion centre. The decision making algorithm in the fusion centre employs a procedure that makes a decision on whether the event has occurred or not based on the information it has received until the current decision instant. We seek event detection algorithms in various scenarios, that are optimal in the sense that the mean detection delay (delay between the event occurrence time and the alarm time) is minimum under certain detection error constraints.
In the first part of the thesis, we study event detection problems in a small extent network where the sensing coverage of any sensor includes the ROI. In particular, we are interested in the following problems: 1) quickest event detection with optimal control of the number of sensors that make observations(while the others sleep),2) quickest event detection on wireless ad hoc networks, and3) optimal transient change detection. In the second part of the thesis, we study the problem of quickest detection and isolation of an event in a large extent sensor network where the sensing coverage of any sensor is only a small portion of the ROI.
One of the major applications envisioned for WSNs is detecting any abnormal activity or intrusions in the ROI. An intrusion is typically a rare event, and hence, much of the energy of sensors gets drained away in the pre–intrusion period. Hence, keeping all the sensors in the awake state is wasteful of resources and reduces the lifetime of the WSN. This motivates us to consider the problem of sleep–wake scheduling of sensors along with quickest event detection. We formulate the Bayesian quickest event detection problem with the objective of minimising the expected total cost due to i)the detection delay and ii) the usage of sensors, subject to the constraint that the probability of false alarm is upper bounded by .We obtain optimal event detection procedures, along with optimal closed loop and open loop control for the sleep–wake scheduling of sensors.
In the classical change detection problem, at each sampling instant, a batch of samples(where is the number of sensors deployed in the ROI) is generated at the sensors and reaches the fusion centre instantaneously. However, in practice, the communication between the sensors and the fusion centre is facilitated by a wireless ad hoc network based on a random access mechanism such as in IEEE802.11 or IEEE802.15.4. Because of the medium access control(MAC)protocol of the wireless network employed, different samples of the same batch reach the fusion centre after random delays. The problem is to detect the occurrence of an event as early as possible subject to a false alarm constraint.
In this more realistic situation, we consider a design in which the fusion centre comprises a sequencer followed by a decision maker. In earlier work from our research group, a Network Oblivious Decision Making (NODM) was considered. In NODM, the decision maker in the fusion centre is presented with complete batches of observations as if the network was not present and makes a decision only at instants at which these batches are presented. In this thesis, we consider the design in which the decision maker makes a decision at all time instants based on the samples of all the complete batches received thus far, and the samples, if any, that it has received from the next (partial) batch. We show that for optimal decision making the network–state is required by the decision maker. Hence, we call this setting Network Aware Decision Making (NADM). Also, we obtain a mean delay optimal NADM procedure, and show that it is a network–state dependent threshold rule on the a posteriori probability of change.
In the classical change detection problem, the change is persistent, i.e., after the change–point, the state of nature remains in the in–change state for ever. However, in applications like intrusion detection, the event which causes the change disappears after a finite time, and the system goes to an out–of–change state. The distribution of observations in the out–of–change state is the same as that in the pre–change state. We call this short–lived change a transient change. We are interested in detecting whether a change has occurred, even after the change has disappeared at the time of detection.
We model the transient change and formulate the problem of quickest transient change detection under the constraint that the probability of false alarm is bounded by . We also formulate a change detection problem which maximizes the probability of detection (i.e., probability of stopping in the in–change state) subject to the probability of false alarm being bounded by . We obtain optimal detection rules and show that they are threshold d rules on the a posteriori probability of pre–change, where the threshold depends on the a posteriori probabilities of pre–change, in–change, and out–of–change states.
Finally, we consider the problem of detecting an event in a large extent WSN, where the event influences the observations of sensors only in the vicinity of where it occurs. Thus, in addition to the problem of event detection, we are faced with the problem of locating the event, also called the isolation problem. Since the distance of the sensor from the event affects the mean signal level that the sensor node senses, we consider a realistic signal propagation model in which the signal strength decays with distance. Thus, the post–change mean of the distribution of observations across sensors is different, and is unknown as the location of the event is unknown, making the problem highly challenging. Also, for a large extent WSN, a distributed solution is desirable. Thus, we are interested in obtaining distributed detection/isolation procedures which are detection delay optimal subject to false alarm and false isolation constraints.
For this problem, we propose the following local decision rules, MAX, HALL, and ALL, which are based on the CUSUM statistic, at each of the sensor nodes. We identify corroborating sets of sensor nodes for event location, and propose a global rule for detection/isolation based on the local decisions of sensors in the corroborating sets. Also, we show the minimax detection delay optimality of the procedures HALL and ALL.
|
67 |
Rozsah povinnosti k náhradě škody v obchodním zákoníku / The scope of liability to damages under the Commercial CodeNetík, Martin January 2011 (has links)
The following diploma thesis is called "The scope of liability to damages under the Commercial Code". I have chosen this theme because the damages are one of the most important legal instrument and in accordance with the actual practice of the courts and legislative development also a dynamically developing part of the civil law with perspective on the new attitude to this instrument with respect to the draft bill of the new Civil Code. The aim of the thesis is to acquaint the reader with the current legislation, compare current legislation with respective court decision and opinions of the juristic community and offer new look on the issue. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first one is a preface and defines the matter of thesis. The last one is a conclusion and contains the final look on the scope of liability to damages under the Commercial Code and the brief review of conclusions contained in the thesis. Chapter Two deals with legal regulation of formation of the liability to damages and is composed of three parts, each of them is dealing with different matter of this formation. Part One contains the basic precondition, which shall be met in order to claim damages according to the Commercial Code. Part Two focuses on the duty to inform about the occurred damage. Part Three looks at...
|
68 |
Objektově - relační rámec pro PHP / Object-Relational Framework for PHPHudec, Michal Unknown Date (has links)
The objective of this work is to design and implement an Object-relational framework for PHP. This framework will be able to map objects to traditional relational database tables. In this work, an appropriate solution of metadata specification is presented. These metadata describe how an object can be store in a relational database. The framework itself is able to store, load and query any object data in relational database. This object-relational framework has been designed for simple portability among various database systems.
|
69 |
Evaluating the effects of invasive alien plants on water availability and usability of lake water in Gauteng ProvinceRwizi, Lameck 08 1900 (has links)
The invasion of ecosystems by alien species is a growing threat to the delivery of ecosystem
services. This study explored the spatial distribution of water hyacinth in the Benoni Lakes
and made analysis of its impact on water availability and usability in order to understand the
evolution and its propagation rates. The study used satellite imagery for lake level modelling
using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems for calculations of area covered
by weeds in each lake from 2002 to 2012.The modelling approach illustrates the potential
usefulness in projecting invasive plants under climate change and enabled the quantification
of long term changes in aquatic weeds. The results showed that aquatic infestations in lakes
may be used as powerful predictors of correlations between plant abundance and climate
change. The study therefore informs decision makers to identify areas where invasion is likely
to occur and increase surveillance for early invaders. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
|
70 |
Disfunção temporomandibular: alterações funcionais quanto à postura e flexibilidade cranio-cervical, atividade eletromiográfica da musculatura mastigatória, qualidade de vida e síndrome de burnoutAmaral, Franciele Aparecida 28 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-09T11:51:57Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5)
Franciele Aparecida Amaral.pdf: 5965301 bytes, checksum: 9b0e820d63a7dd3b025dad49e67bcf15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5)
Franciele Aparecida Amaral.pdf: 5965301 bytes, checksum: 9b0e820d63a7dd3b025dad49e67bcf15 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) constitui um termo amplo para as alterações e problemas clínicos que envolvem as articulações temporomandibulares (ATM), os músculos mastigatórios e as demais estruturas associadas. Com a fisiopatologia ainda não completamente esclarecida e de etiologia multifatorial, a DTM é uma das causas mais comuns de dor orofacial e uma das maiores causas de dor musculoesquelética. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre a DTM, diagnosticada por meio do Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC / TMD), com a Síndrome de Burnout (SB), postura crânio-cervical, amplitude de movimento cervical, condição bucal e atividade eletromiográfica (EMGs) dos músculos masseteres e temporais, além de verificar o impacto da DTM sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde Bucal (QVRSB). Metodologia: O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa observacional, transversal, prospectiva e de abordagem quantitativa, de natureza aplicada, quanto aos objetivos é exploratória. A amostra foi constituída de 50 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 40 anos, portadoras de DTM de acordo com o RDC / TMD que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram o RDC/TMD, Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), fleximetria cervical, biofotogrametria e a EMGs. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS 20. Para os resultados descritivos foi utilizado média, desvio-padrão, mediana, intervalo-interquartílico, valor mínimo e máximo, frequência e porcentagem. Para os resultados inferenciais foram utilizados testes não paramétricos. Os testes utilizados foram Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test para as comparações e Spearman Test para as correlações. O nível de significância foi menor ou igual a 0,05. Resultados: A média de idade da amostra foi de 27,48 ± 6,37 anos. Quanto à saúde bucal, a amostra possuía entre 24 a 32 dentes e 76% relataram bruxismo. Em relação à DTM, 66% apresentaram DTM mista, 30% DTM muscular e 4% DTM articular. Em relação à SB não houve diferenças nos escores dos domínios entre os diversos diagnósticos de DTM. Quanto maior o envolvimento articular maiores foram os escores para SB nos domínios exaustão emocional e despersonalização. O grupo com maior grau de dor crônica apresentou maior escore de exaustão emocional para SB. Quanto maior o escore para a SB pior a QVRSB e maior o grau de depressão. Os ângulos posturais não foram diferentes entre os diagnósticos de DTM e não tiveram correlação com as limitações relacionadas a função mandibular. Os diagnósticos de DTM muscular e mista tiveram menor rotação cervical à direita em comparação ao diagnóstico articular. Os escores de QVRSB não apresentaram diferença quanto ao diagnóstico de DTM. Os grupos com maior grau de dor crônica apresentaram pior QVRSB. Envolvimento articular em um lado ou biarticular tiveram pior QVRSB que o grupo sem envolvimento articular. Um maior grau de dor, menor abertura mandibular, maior limitação relacionada à função mandibular e maior depressão implicou em uma pior QVRSB. Ter ou não bruxismo não apresentou diferença na QVRSB. As participantes divididas em tipos de diagnósticos e divididas
8
em com presença e sem presença de bruxismo não apresentaram diferenças nos valores da EMGs. A prevalência na ativação muscular não implicou em diferenças nas limitações relacionadas à função mandibular assim como não houve correlação desta com os valores da EMGs. O grau de dor crônica I e II apresentaram valores significativamente menores de EMGs do temporal esquerdo em comparação com as participantes sem dor. Conclusão: O comprometimento muscular na DTM exerce influência na fleximetria/amplitude de movimento cervical. O comprometimento articular, a depressão, o grau de dor crônica e as limitações da função mandibular tem impacto na QVRSB. Uma pior QVRSB é acompanhada de um pior escore da SB e esta sofre impacto do comprometimento articular e da depressão. Os diversos diagnósticos de DTM não apresentaram diferenças na atividade EMGs como também na postura crânio-cervical. / Introduction: The temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) is a broad term for changes and clinical problems involving temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the muscles of mastication and other associated structures. With pathophysiology not yet fully understood and with a multifactorial etiology, TMD is one of the most common causes of orofacial pain and one of the major causes of musculoskeletal pain. Objective: This study aims to verify the association between TMD, diagnosed through the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC / TMD), with Burnout Syndrome (SB), craniocervical posture, cervical range of motion , (EMGs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles, as well as to verify the impact of TMD on quality of life related to oral health (HRQoL). Methodology: The present work is an observational, transversal, prospective and quantitative approach, of applied nature, regarding the goals and exploratory. The sample consisted of 50 women, aged between 18 and 40 years, with TMD according to RDC / TMD, who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The evaluation instruments were RDC / TMD, Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), cervical fleximetry, biophotogrammetry and EMGs. Results: The mean age of the sample was 27.48 ± 6.37 years. Regarding oral health, the sample had between 24 and 32 teeth and 76% reported bruxism. In relation to TMD, 66% had mixed TMD, 30% TMD muscle and 4% TMD joint. Regarding SB, there were no differences in the domain scores between the various TMD diagnoses. The higher the joint involvement, the higher the SB scores in the areas of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The group with greater degree of chronic pain presented higher emotional exhaustion score for SB. The higher the score for SB the worse is the HRQoL and the greater degree of depression. The postural angles were not different between the TMD diagnoses and had no correlation with the limitations related to the mandibular function. The diagnosis of muscular and mixed TMD had lower right cervical rotation compared to joint diagnosis. The HRQoL scores did not differ from the diagnosis of TMD. The groups with the highest degree of chronic pain presented worse QRSRS. Joint involvement on one side or biarticular had worse QRSRS than the group without joint involvement. A greater degree of pain, lower mandibular opening, greater limitation related to mandibular function and greater depression implied a worse HRQoL. Whether or not bruxism presented, there is no difference in the HRQoL. Participants divided into types of diagnoses and those divided in presence and absence of bruxism did not present differences in EMGs values. The prevalence in muscle activation did not imply differences in the limitations related to mandibular function, as there was no correlation between this and EMGs values. The grade of chronic pain I and II presented significantly lower values of left temporal GEMS in comparison with the participants without pain. Conclusion: Muscular impairment in TMD exerts influence on fleximetry/ range of motion of the neck. Joint involvement, depression, degree of chronic pain and limitations of mandibular function have an impact on HRQoL. A worse HRQoL is accompanied by a worse SB score and it is impacted by joint impairment and
depression. The various TMD diagnoses showed no differences in the EMG activity as well as in the craniocervical posture.
|
Page generated in 0.037 seconds