The goal of the diploma thesis is to determine the current position of the Fair Trade concept in the framework of social responsibility within the European context, to find out strengths and weaknesses, evaluate them, and make the recommendations for the future development and improvement of the European social responsibility with regard to the Fair Trade, as one of the visible activity belonging to the social responsibility approach. The theoretical part focuses on introducing of basic principles of social responsibility and Fair Trade in the European context. In the empirical part, the primary data are collected with the qualitative method using expert interviews with the key experts from Fair Trade area. Personal opinions and suggestions from professionals and experts are presented and summarized. Afterwards, the empirical finding are compared with theoretical background and results are interpreted.

This thesis deals with the expansion of environmental education and awareness in eco-center Trkmanka in Velké Pavlovice. As an extension option were chosen environmental education programs, which were created in collaboration with eco-center Trkmanka. The first program: "One of nature - human nature" leads to the realization that man is part of nature. Another program, "Ecology at home" deals with ecological households and friendly consumption. The last program: "We are what we eat?" this part of the environmental site acquaints students with food genetically modified organisms, organic food and FAIR TRADE. All educational programs have been proven many times in practice. In conclusion, it was proposed inclusion in tender environmental educational programs in eco-center Trkmanka

This diploma thesis deals with certification program UTZ Certified representing a certain alternative to the fair trade system. The UTZ belongs to the biggest programs supporting sustainability primarily for coffee, cocoa and tea worldwide. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical component is focused on UTZ certification characteristics, determining essential terms, identifying commodities and conditions for its growing within the UTZ Certified. The attention is paid also to trading under fair trade conditions and regarding standards under Fairtrade and WFTO. The practical component deals with levels and product composition of the current offer of UTZ products on the market in chosen area. Furthermore, the focus is on the realization of consumer research aimed at knowledge and interest in UTZ products and fair trade from the consumers' stance. The outcomes obtained from the research done in the retail chain network show that the UTZ offer of products on the market really exists. The results also demonstrate that it is the matter of foreign retail chains whose UTZ offer is often created by products of own private brands. The widest offer of UTZ products was noted in retail chain Lidl, Albert and Kaufland. The product offer is clearly dominated by sweets and chocolate containing the certified UTZ cocoa. The consumer research was done via online questionnaire. Results demonstrate that less than half of Czech consumers are interested in certified products made under responsible production of fair trade and UTZ. The accountable part of consumers has troubles identifying these products on the market while shopping. The most favourite fair trade product is coffee. In case of UTZ, the most favourite product is cocoa. The main drivers for consumers' decision for buying these products is the guarantee of ecological and social consideration, trust in better quality and taste.

The aim of the thesis "Ethics and Economics. Fair Trade as an act of solidarity?" is to analyse the statistical data related to the Fair Trade system and their critical assessment regarding social ethics and sustainable development. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the core principles of social ethics and their impact on Fair Trade system, as well as the principle of equity in relation to Fair Trade. The aim of the second part is to evaluate the current state of Fair Trade, based on the statistical data acquired, and their critical assessment in light of aforementioned principles, as well as economic, social and environmental aspects. In conclusion a summary of acquired findings is made and the most important problems, which the system is currently tackling with, are mentioned. Based on this, suggestions on its improvement are made.

The research analyzes the construction of the fair market in Brazil and the world, their action dynamics and logic of some of its major institutions in the global and national context, triggering decisions and actions that define this new market model. The study is an exploratory and descriptive research conducted through content analysis of documents of the surveyed agents (FLO, WFTO, FACES DO BRASIL and MTE) representing the national and international model. These agents defend an alternative to the conventional market model and seek a more equitable, inclusive and fair trade. However, it has parameters and different perspectives in their application. The international model is presented as an alternative marketing model, while the Brazilian as a public policy for the projects of solidarity economy. Based on the collected data was an attempt to create a fair trade sociology addressing key concepts for the understanding of the object. Justice and market ideas were accessed to reflect how they are perceived by the surveyed agents. In addition, an analysis carried the light of economic sociology, specifically with Granovetter and Bourdieu that produced analytical tool that contribute to the perception of the various elements of the fair trade market. Thus it was realized that even under the same trade fair naming the models studied have different perspectives on its operation. Allowing states that the social construction of models directly influence how they will be achieved. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa analisa a construção do mercado justo no Brasil e no mundo, de suas dinâmicas e da lógica de ação de alguns de suas principais instituições no contexto mundial e nacional, deflagrando decisões e ações que delimitam esse novo modelo de mercado. O estudo é uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva realizada através de analise de conteúdo de documentos dos agentes pesquisados (FLO, WFTO, FACES DO BRASIL e MTE) que representam o modelo nacional e internacional. Esses agentes defendem um modelo de mercado alternativo ao convencional e buscam um comércio mais equitativo, inclusivo e justo. Com base nos dados coletados foi realizada uma tentativa de criar uma sociologia do comércio justo abordando conceitos essenciais para a compreensão do objeto. Foram acessadas ideias de justiça e mercado para refletir como elas são percebidas pelos agentes pesquisados. Mais especificamente, foi realizada uma analise a luz da sociologia econômica, com Granovetter e Bourdieu que produziram ferramenta analíticas que contribuem para a percepção dos diversos elementos do mercado fair trade. Dessa forma foi percebido que mesmo sob a mesma nomenclatura de comércio justo os modelos estudados apresentam perspectivas diferentes sobre seu funcionamento. Permitindo afirmar que a construção social dos modelos influencia diretamente na forma como eles serão concretizados.

xvi, 411 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation research takes an ethnographic perspective on competing notions of "fairness" in the first vertically-integrated garment production chain in the world that is certified as fair trade. In sharp contrast to the straightforward images of social justice that are so common on the consumer end of fair trade, the dissertation demonstrates that relations of fair trade production, distribution, and consumption are complicated by ideological disjunctures, by different experiences of work and labor, by unequal access to capital and political opportunity, by asymmetrical power, and ultimately by disparate concepts of economic justice. Organized as a commodity chain analysis, this dissertation is based on sixteen months of multi-sited, ethnographic research in Nicaragua, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with four separate fair trade organizations: a faith-based NGO from North Carolina called the Center for Sustainable Development, a well-known Michigan-based fair trade retailer called Clean Clothes Organics, and two Nicaraguan producer organizations, including a women's industrial sewing cooperative (The Fair Trade Zone, which is the first worker-owned organization in the world to gain free trade zone customs certification), and an industrial cotton spinning plant called Genesis. The research shows that, from the standpoint of production and distribution, conflicts frequently emerge over the terms, conditions, and meanings of labor, business contracts, extra-contractual relations, participation in decision-making, and the definition of roles. Producers, moreover, often have no alternative but to accept the terms of more powerful groups under duress of poverty. Theoretically speaking, this dissertation contributes to an understanding of alternative economic formations, including fair trade and cooperatives. In this vein, I argue that the idea of fair trade as an "alternative" to conventional trade is a problematic rhetorical move that tends to obscure the fact that all aspects of trade--production, distribution, and consumption--are not only inherently political, they are also riven with the complications of mediating between disparate cultural meanings, social positionalities, and political, economic, and social inequality. I recommend revisioning the relationship between the economy, the state, and various spheres of society in light of the insights of substantivist economics, feminist political economy, and ethnography. / Committee in charge: Lynn Stephen, Chairperson, Anthropology; Philip Scher, Member, Anthropology; Aletta Biersack, Member, Anthropology; Lise Nelson, Outside Member, Geography

With the internet being more accessible and more faster than ever, online pornography have undergone tremendous change. The emergence of Web 2.0 brought porn tubes into existence, where enormous amounts of pornographic content were reached for free. At the same time, Web 2.0 enabled alternative pornographies to arise, ethical porn being one of them. Briefly described as pornographic content created ethically, ethical porn became an idea to gain increasing popularity. What was compelling about this idea was also the fact that consumers were required to pay for their porn. In academic circles, on the contrary, ethical pornography found itself a limited place. In awareness of this gap, this study aims at exploring the online ethical porn scene through two research questions: a) How do websites including pornographic content that claim to be ethical communicate such content? and b) “How do ethical porn websites present themselves in regards to the idea of ethical porn?”. Informed by Foucauldian discourse analysis, the research was conducted via performing structural mapping analysis and qualitative content analysis answering the two research questions, respectively. The findings inferred from the reviewed 33 ethical porn websites suggest that the communication of content is organized under the logics of fair-trade business model and that the sample of ethical porn websites are very diverse. In regards to websites’ self-positionings, the results show business model and production process to be the two emerging clusters feeding the discourse. The common trait found out was the difference of association with the ethical porn discourse. Both in terms of communication of content and websites’ own positions, websites either operated upon the logics of discourse or superficially gave an account of the discourse without revealing the actual practice of production. Contributing to the intersecting fields of digital media and pornography, the research creates a basis for future research on ethical porn, upon which very little is said.

The main aim of the diploma thesis "Fair Trade brand perception" is to analyze the perception of the Fair Trade brand by students from selected secondary schools and bachelor programs at the Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia in the Ceske Budejovice and evaluate the level of awareness of Fair Trade brand and expectations associated with it. The secondary objective is to formulate recommendations and proposals for the Faculty of Economics on the basis of own research.

O modelo, ou modelos, de organização da Economia Solidária nasceu, aproximadamente, ao mesmo tempo em que surgia o capitalismo industrial e foi reinventado na década de 1990, enquanto alternativa ideológica de afronta aos efeitos excludentes do capitalismo e/ou alternativa de política de emprego e renda à população mais pobre, desempregada ou subempregada, com a formação de iniciativas por parte da população excluída do mercado. Esta “reinvenção” ocorre majoritariamente sob orientação de organizações religiosas, sindicais, universitárias e ONG’s. Segundo a SENAES (Secretaria Nacional de Economia Solidária) (BRASIL, 2004b), considera-se Economia Solidária o conjunto de atividades econômicas com as seguintes características: cooperação, autogestão, viabilidade econômica e solidariedade. Em 2005, a secretaria identificou 14.954 empreendimentos econômicos solidários no Brasil, dos quais 85 em Porto Alegre. Para estudar a Economia Solidária, pela ótica econômica, não é suficiente a teoria econômica tradicional, pois é necessário: entender o surgimento e a sobrevivência de associações que encerram concomitantemente as lógicas econômica, política e social; considerar a relação entre ética e economia, com uma aproximação das duas, e entender esta relação tanto na busca de outros princípios de comportamento econômico quanto no entendimento dos juízos de valores feitos pelas pessoas ao adjetivarem um comércio de justo; entender o mercado como uma forma de alocação, dentre outras e que as outras formas de alocação permanecem, além de entender o mercado como uma formação social; entender como se formam os preços “justos” e porque um consumidor escolheria um produto de Economia Solidária, mesmo tendo que pagar um preço mais elevado. Foram realizados dois estudos de caso em Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil): nas feiras da Cooperativa Ecológica Coolméia e nas lojas da Etiqueta Popular. Por meio de entrevistas realizadas com produtores cooperados e com consumidores dos dois empreendimentos, buscou-se identificar se estes percebem os empreendimentos como mais do que uma alternativa de emprego, se os consumidores são conscientes de que compram uma relação de compromisso junto com os produtos e qual é o reflexo dos anteriores na formação dos preços. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas demonstra um grau de aderência com as teorias discutidas anteriormente, mas também demonstra que há ainda um longo caminho a ser percorrido, o que é percebido pelos produtores entrevistados. O fato da maioria dos produtores afirmarem que estavam em melhor situação sócio-econômica com sua participação nos empreendimentos e o fato de alguns consumidores parecerem conscientes com relação ao efeito de suas decisões de compra podem apontar a Economia Solidária como uma forma alternativa à economia capitalista. A dúvida que permanece diz respeito à dimensão desta Economia Solidária, ou seja, se ela conseguiria incluir toda a população excluída pela economia capitalista, sem deixar de gerar os benefícios encontrados até agora nestes empreendimentos e até mesmo os aumentando. Ademais, há dúvidas quanto à relação da Economia Solidária com a economia capitalista e com o governo. / The model, or models, of organization of the Solidarity Economy was born, approximately, at the same time as the industrial capitalism was being developed. It has, however, been reinvented in the 1990’s as an ideological alternative of confrontation to the excluding effects of the capitalism and/or as an alternative of employment and income policies to the poorest, unemployed or underemployed population. This was made by means of initiatives of the population excluded from the market, under the orientation of religious organizations, labor unions, universities and NGO’s. According to SENAES (National Office of Solidarity Economy) (BRASIL, 2004b), it is considered Solidarity Economy the ensemble of economic activities with the following characteristics: cooperation, self-management, economic feasibility and solidarity. In 2005, the Office identified 14.954 solidary enterprises in Brazil, among which 85 are located in Porto Alegre. To study the Solidarity Economy, from the economic point of view, the traditional economic theory is not suitable, because it is necessary to: understand the emergence and the survival of association that enclose, at the same time, the economic, social and political logics; consider the relationship between ethics and economics, and, also, understand both the search of other economic behavioral principles and the understanding of moral judgments made by people when qualifying a trade as fair; understand the market as one form of allocation among others, which also continue to exist, as well as understand that the market is a social construction; understand how the fair prices are formed and why a consumer would choose a product of Solidarity Economy, even if he has to pay a higher price for it. We have analyzed two cases of Porto Alegre, Brazil: the open markets of Cooperativa Ecológica Coolméia e the stores of Etiqueta Popular. The assessment was made by interviews with producers and consumers of both enterprises, as a means to identify if the producers view the undertaking as more than an employment alternative, if the consumers are conscious that they buy a commitment relationship along with the products, and what is the reflex of the answer of the two previous questions in their price formation. The qualitative analysis of the interviews has demonstrated a degree of adherence to the theories discussed before. Also, it has demonstrated that there is still a long way to go through, and that the producers have realized. The fact that the majority of the producers has affirmed that they were better off because of their participation and the fact that some consumers appeared to be conscious of the effect of their purchase decisions might indicate that the Solidarity Economy is an alternative to the capitalist economy. However, doubt still remains as to the size of this economy, that is, could it include all the population excluded by the capitalist economy, without overlooking the benefits generated until now, and even enlarging them? Besides, there are doubts as to the relationship of the Solidarity Economy with the capitalist economy and with the government.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5193.pdf: 2319707 bytes, checksum: 96a33fd62adbba1d3d31886c96890b8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-15 / The present research proposes to systematize the experience of Fair Trade developed by farmers associated to a cooperative (Coopfam) and understand the obstacles and potentials of the model transition for the ecologically based agriculture. Initilly, a study was conducted with documentary bases and agricultural censos seeking to characterize the situation and the social economic and agri-environment of the municipality. The results of the research allow to understand the local rural landscape, regarding to historical, geographical and agricultural aspects. Then, a group of family farmers from the cooperative was interviewed, orally, where the trajectory of the farmes and the process that led to adherence to fair trade were reconstructed, qualifying these changes, seeking to understand the reasons of the transition and the meaning of this experience, of social cultural or economics terms. Among the main results, it was found that the certification Fair Trade provided improvements in the production field environmentally sustainable. The fair condition of production and commercialization is causing dissatisfaction between the producers who claims that the price received at the present moment is not advantegeous due to the appreciation of the real against the dollar making foreign prices reduce in relation to internal prices, the minimum prices should be reviewed by the importers and by the chain of the fair trade. / O presente trabalho se propõe a sistematizar a experiência de Comércio Justo desenvolvido por famílias de agricultores associados à Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo e Região (Coopfam) e compreender os obstáculos e potencialidades do modelo de transição para a agricultura de base ecológica. Primeiramente, realizou-se um estudo com base documental e no censo agropecuário, buscando caracterizar a situação e o contexto social econômico e agroambiental do município. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem entender a paisagem rural local, no que diz respeito aos aspectos históricos, geográficos e agrícolas da localidade. Em seguida, foi entrevistado um conjunto de produtores familiares da cooperativa, por meio de entrevistas orais, em que se reconstruiu a trajetória dos agricultores e o processo que os levou à adesão ao comércio justo, qualificando-se essas mudanças, buscando entender as razões da transição e o significado dessa experiência prática, em termos de valores socioculturais ou econômicos. Dentre os principais resultados, verificou-se que a certificação Fair Trade proporcionou melhorias no campo da produção ambientalmente sustentável. A condição justa de produção e comercialização está sendo motivo de insatisfação entre os produtores que alegam que o preço recebido, no presente momento, não é vantajoso devido à valorização do real frente ao dólar, fazendo com que os preços externos sofram uma redução em relação aos internos. O preço mínimo deveria ser revisto por parte dos importadores e pela cadeia do comércio justo.