O câncer de pulmão tem alto grau de letalidade. O tabagismo é considerado o principal fator de risco associado ao carcinoma de pulmão não pequenas células. O tratamento que oferece as maiores possibilidades de cura é a cirurgia. A ressecção pulmonar associada atoracectomia é a cirurgia preconizada nos tumores T3 invadindo a parede torácica. A ressecção em Gaiola de Passarinho pode ser considerada uma técnica alternativa. Foram analisados retrospectivamente, de janeiro de 1990 à dezembro de 2009, 13 pacientes portadores de câncer de pulmão aderidos a parede torácica. Eles foram submetidos à ressecção extramusculoperiostal em Gaiola de Passarinho no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. A avaliação do grau de invasão à parede torácica foi feita no pré-operatório por métodos de imagem; e sua comprovação baseada nos achados histopatológicos dos fragmentos de tecidos enviados para a biópsia de congelação, assim como nos laudos definitivos das peças ressecadas. Os pacientes com tumores de Pancoast ou que abandonaram o acompanhamento foram excluídos do estudo. A avaliação da sobrevida global foi feita a partir dos dados de seguimento pós operatório a nível ambulatorial. A análise estatística foi composta pela curva de sobrevida ou livre de eventos ajustada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Complicações pós operatórias, intervalo livre de doença, recidiva local, e uso de terapia complementar também foram incluídos na análise. A idade média em anos foi de 59,6. Todos os pacientes eram tabagistas. O tipo histológico mais encontrado foi o carcinoma escamoso. A média de intervalo livre de doença foi de 44,7 meses. A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 60% e o índice de complicações pós-operatórias foi de 69,2%. Não houve mortalidade operatória. O estágio Ib foi encontrado em 80 %. A ressecção extramusculoperiostal demonstrou ser uma alternativa segura de tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores que não invadiram efetivamente o gradil costal. Porém novos estudos tornam-se necessários. Esta dissertação pode servir de base para futuras pesquisas sobre o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de pulmão. / Lung cancer has high level of lethality. Smoking is considered the main risk factor associated with non small-cell lung cancer. The treatment that offers better opportunity for cure is surgery. Lung resection with thoracectomy is the procedure performed in T3 tumours invading chest wall. The bird cage resection can be considered an alternative approach. Between january 1990 and december 2009, 13 pacients with non-small cell lung cancer invading chest wall were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent resection in bird cage in Pedro Ernesto Hospital of State of Rio de Janeiro University. Preoperative evaluation of chest wall invasion was performed with imaging methods and based on histopathological findings of tissue fragments sent for frozen biopsy, as well as the final reports of surgical specimens. Pacients with Pancoasttumours and whose abandoned treatment was excluded. Overall survival evaluation was done from follow-up outpacients. Statistics analysis was performed using cumulative survival and cumulative metastasis-free survival curves, adjusted by Kaplan-Meier method. Postoperative complications, disease-free interval, local disease recurrence and complementary therapy were also included in the study. Median age was 56,9 years. Median free-disease interval was 44,7 months. All pacients were smokers. Carcinoma squamous cell was the main histological type founded. Overall long-term survival was 60% in five years and the rate of postoperative complications was 69,2%. There was no operative mortality. Stage Ib was present in 80%. The extramusculoperiosteal in bird cage resection has demonstrated to be a safe alternative in surgical treatment of tumours that effectively doesnt violate the chest wall. However, new studies are necessary. This dissertation can be used as basis for future researches in surgical treatment of lung cancer.

O câncer de pulmão tem alto grau de letalidade. O tabagismo é considerado o principal fator de risco associado ao carcinoma de pulmão não pequenas células. O tratamento que oferece as maiores possibilidades de cura é a cirurgia. A ressecção pulmonar associada atoracectomia é a cirurgia preconizada nos tumores T3 invadindo a parede torácica. A ressecção em Gaiola de Passarinho pode ser considerada uma técnica alternativa. Foram analisados retrospectivamente, de janeiro de 1990 à dezembro de 2009, 13 pacientes portadores de câncer de pulmão aderidos a parede torácica. Eles foram submetidos à ressecção extramusculoperiostal em Gaiola de Passarinho no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. A avaliação do grau de invasão à parede torácica foi feita no pré-operatório por métodos de imagem; e sua comprovação baseada nos achados histopatológicos dos fragmentos de tecidos enviados para a biópsia de congelação, assim como nos laudos definitivos das peças ressecadas. Os pacientes com tumores de Pancoast ou que abandonaram o acompanhamento foram excluídos do estudo. A avaliação da sobrevida global foi feita a partir dos dados de seguimento pós operatório a nível ambulatorial. A análise estatística foi composta pela curva de sobrevida ou livre de eventos ajustada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Complicações pós operatórias, intervalo livre de doença, recidiva local, e uso de terapia complementar também foram incluídos na análise. A idade média em anos foi de 59,6. Todos os pacientes eram tabagistas. O tipo histológico mais encontrado foi o carcinoma escamoso. A média de intervalo livre de doença foi de 44,7 meses. A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 60% e o índice de complicações pós-operatórias foi de 69,2%. Não houve mortalidade operatória. O estágio Ib foi encontrado em 80 %. A ressecção extramusculoperiostal demonstrou ser uma alternativa segura de tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores que não invadiram efetivamente o gradil costal. Porém novos estudos tornam-se necessários. Esta dissertação pode servir de base para futuras pesquisas sobre o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de pulmão. / Lung cancer has high level of lethality. Smoking is considered the main risk factor associated with non small-cell lung cancer. The treatment that offers better opportunity for cure is surgery. Lung resection with thoracectomy is the procedure performed in T3 tumours invading chest wall. The bird cage resection can be considered an alternative approach. Between january 1990 and december 2009, 13 pacients with non-small cell lung cancer invading chest wall were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent resection in bird cage in Pedro Ernesto Hospital of State of Rio de Janeiro University. Preoperative evaluation of chest wall invasion was performed with imaging methods and based on histopathological findings of tissue fragments sent for frozen biopsy, as well as the final reports of surgical specimens. Pacients with Pancoasttumours and whose abandoned treatment was excluded. Overall survival evaluation was done from follow-up outpacients. Statistics analysis was performed using cumulative survival and cumulative metastasis-free survival curves, adjusted by Kaplan-Meier method. Postoperative complications, disease-free interval, local disease recurrence and complementary therapy were also included in the study. Median age was 56,9 years. Median free-disease interval was 44,7 months. All pacients were smokers. Carcinoma squamous cell was the main histological type founded. Overall long-term survival was 60% in five years and the rate of postoperative complications was 69,2%. There was no operative mortality. Stage Ib was present in 80%. The extramusculoperiosteal in bird cage resection has demonstrated to be a safe alternative in surgical treatment of tumours that effectively doesnt violate the chest wall. However, new studies are necessary. This dissertation can be used as basis for future researches in surgical treatment of lung cancer.

The purposes of the present study were to resolve a number of major inconsistencies found in the literature on the structure of the quadriceps femoris muscle and to extend knowledge of its structure using descriptive, qualitative methodology. The quadriceps femoris muscle was investigated in 41 cats, and the findings were confirmed in 6 human cadavers. Two aponeuroses with major biomechanical functions (rectus-vastus and vastus aponeurosis), neither of which had been previously described in the literature, were characterized in both species. The study also resolved many major inconsistencies in the literature: The muscle sometimes described as vastus intermedius (VI) was found to be the articularis genu, the muscle sometimes described as vastus medialis (VM) was found to be the VI, the rectus femoris head was found to have an additional proximal nerve branch not previously recognized, no anomalous 5th head was ever found, and the distal VM were not found to have 2 heads (in either cats or humans). The authors’ anatomical descriptions and bimechanical models of the muscles, tendons, and neurovascular should provide a helpful foundation for future studies on the quadriceps. Two general recommendations are made: 1) that the feline model be considered a viable model to elucidate human knee pathomechanics; and 2) that regardless of the anatomical structure of interest, orthopedic nurses, orthopedic surgeons, and research investigators should routinely use the research literature for anatomical guidance instead of standard anatomical textbooks. © 2002, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

В работе рассматриваются проблемы малоподвижного образа жизни работников интеллектуального труда и возникшие негативные последствия. Анализируются подходы к решению проблем, связанных с нарушений функциональной подвижности тела вследствие работы «за столом» у работников интеллектуального труда. В основной части диссертации представлена научно-обоснованная программа комплексной функциональной тренировки с применением кинезиологических и фасциальных техник для работников интеллектуального труда. Представленные результаты исследования подтверждают эффективность разработанной автором функциональной тренировки. / The paper deals with the problems of sedentary lifestyle of intellectual workers and the negative consequences that have arisen. The approaches to solving problems related to violations of functional mobility of the body due to work "at the table" in intellectual workers are analyzed. The main part of the dissertation presents a scientifically based program of complex functional training with the use of kinesiological and fascial techniques for intellectual workers. The presented research results confirm the effectiveness of the functional training developed by the author.

Title: The effect of foam roller on muscle tone after physical load Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to summarize theoretical knowledge about muscle, changes in muscle tension and possibilities of its affect. The aim of the practical part was to find out the effect of the foam roller on muscle tone after exercise. Methods: Practical part of this thesis was processed in biomechanical laboratory at FTVS UK in Prague and included 16 probands. We measured muscle tone of biceps brachii, m. triceps surae and m. quadriceps femoris before exercise, then the probands performed an activity aimed at increasing the muscular tension of the musculature mentioned above, after which we measured the muscle tension again. The foam rolling of each muscle group lasted for 60 seconds and then we measured the muscle tone for the last time. A myotonometer device was used and the data were transmitted by KISTLER MULTICHANNEL CHARGE AMPLIFIER and processed by the DeweSoftX3 (64 bit) programme in SIRIUS DEWEsoft S-BOX2 computer. At the end, we compared measured values with subjective sensations of the probands who filled quick questionnaire. Results: The measurement showed that after exercise, the muscular tensions of the muscle groups we selected increased, and at the same time that the application of the foam roller...

1 Abstract The aim is to investigate whether the distal femoral cartilage (DFC), Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) were different between healthy young women wearing high-heel shoes (HHS) (> 5 cm) and flat shoes (< 1.4 cm). Measurements from aforementioned structures were obtained by using ultrasound. There were 910 measurement parameters analyzed in total. There were 34 women in the HHS group (mean age 31.1±6.4 years; BMI 21.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2 ) and 57 women in the control group (mean age; 29.5 ± 7.3 years; BMI 22.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2 ). Wearing HHS resulted in thickening of the right medial DFC (2.00 ± 0.41 mm) and left AT (4.07 ± 0.48 mm) in women wearing HHS compared to flat shoes (1.96 ± 0.35 mm, 3.76 ± 0.66 mm, respectively). This might be interpreted as secondary to chronic overload. PF thicknesses were similar both within and between group. Our findings have shown significant thickening of the right medial DFC and left AT in women wearing HHS and these changes might be interpreted as secondary to chronic overload. Further follow-up studies are definitely awaited to provide a better insight into understanding the musculoskeletal consequences of this "social" issue ever-existing in ladies lives. The secondary aim of the thesis comprises two case reports: 1. the first is describing the usefulness of MSK...

Chronic posterior compartment syndrome (CPCS) of the leg is a pathological condition which is often encountered by participants in exercise related activities such as running. To date no successful conservative treatment approach existed for the condition. The mainstay of the management of the condition at present is the surgical release of the involved fascia that surrounds the compartment. The main aim of the research project was thus to develop a successful conservative treatment approach for the symptoms of CPCS. It was identified that the current theoretical base did not incorporate the continuous and relatively inelastic nature of the fascia which plays an important role in the condition. Based on an extended literature review, muscles which are linked to the posterior compartment via the myofascial tissue were identified. Tightness in these clinically significant muscles is able to induce stresses in the myofascial chain which could ultimately influence stresses in the posterior compartment of the leg. The release of tightness in these muscles external to the posterior compartment through soft tissue mobilization techniques provides an effective conservative treatment approach for the symptoms of CPCS. A revised model for the pathogenesis of CPCS was developed which formed the basis for treatment interventions. The revised theoretical model for the pathogenesis of CPCS was validated based on a mixed-methodological approach which included a series of exploratory as well as explanatory case studies. This qualitative approach was supplemented by quantitative experiments in which the causal relationships of the condition on certain biomechanical aspects were explored. The treatment interventions had a hundred percent success rate and the results of the experimental research conducted also supports the new theoretical model for the pathogenesis of CPCS. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pharmacokinetic assessment of drug tissue permeation following iontophoresis is limited. The depth of ketoprofen tissue permeation following cathodic iontophoresis (4 mA, 40 minutes) and the stereoselectivity of drug delivery were examined in this study. SUBJECTS: Ketoprofen (750 mg) was iontophoresed onto one porcine medial thigh, with passive drug permeation conducted on the other thigh. METHODS: Skin, subcutaneous fascia, and muscle biopsies from the drug delivery sites were harvested and stored separately, and the "R" and "S" ketoprofen enantiomers were determined. Results. Iontophoretic and passive applications yielded equivalent total ketoprofen concentrations in the skin and fascia. In contrast, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the ketoprofen concentration in the first centimeter of muscle following iontophoresis was greater than the drug concentration in the deeper underlying muscle layers and greater than that delivered to any muscle layer following passive delivery. No transcutaneous stereoselective delivery) of ketoprofen was detected. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Compared with passive delivery, iontophoresis enhances nonstereoselective ketoprofen permeation into the fascia-muscle interface. With delivery to deeper tissue sites, however, there is no apparent enhancement over passive application.