No description available.

The concept of Talent Management (TM) has an American and elitism origin. Since one of the world’s biggest consultant agencies published the concept, the search for talents has spread. Strategic Management trends were developed in Sweden due to the process of globalization, but for a vast majority of the Swedish companies and practitioners the concept is still unknown. The Swedish experts are in this case the ones closer to the theory as non- practitioners. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how the concept is being spread by researchers and consultants. For this purpose, 2 researchers and 6 consultants were interviewed and the data was analyzed using two qualitative approaches: a phenomenological and a discursive analysis. The result indicated that the concept of TM have evolved into a Swedish version, and thereof been adapted to the collectivistic context. The result also showed that the Swedish consultants both create and spread the concept in the Swedish labor market. It was concluded that TM will keep spreading across companies and industries in Sweden for two reasons: 1) the development of the Swedish labor market, and 2) the younger generation is leaving the collectivistic mindset. The result implies primarily on two establishment dilemmas in Sweden: the requirement of a transparency in the establishment within companies, and also an avoidance of the term “talent”.

A manipulação da atenção pode influenciar a formação de memórias, e sua posterior recuperação (Linch e Srull, 1982). Abordando conceitos de atenção, memória, pré-ativação e percepção visual, este trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre influência da modulação da atenção na memória de curta duração em um cenário pouco estudado: 1) quando a atenção não é diretamente dirigida pelo experimentador; 2) quando a situação experimental é parecida com a encontrada no contexto do dia-a-dia, envolvendo recuperação de memória para marca de vestimenta. Os dois experimentos realizados neste trabalho se contextualizam na revisão de diversos estudos nas áreas de comunicação, psicologia cognitiva e neurociência (ou neurociência cognitiva Gazzaniga, 2006). Em um dos experimentos (Exp.1), os sujeitos são expostos a uma imagem projetada em tela. No primeiro plano dessa imagem, há um grupo de pessoas abraçadas, e, no segundo plano, um outdoor com um anúncio de marca de roupa, onde o nome da marca anunciada pode ser claramente vista. Antes de serem expostos à imagem, o que ocorre por 500ms, passa-se uma tarefa para eles. Um grupo experimental deve dizer qual cor predomina na roupa das pessoas da foto, e outro, qual cor predomina na paisagem. Esse é o direcionamento indireto da atenção para plano de frente ou de fundo (não se pede que o sujeito atenda para frente ou fundo, mas dá-se a ele uma tarefa que, para ser cumprida, necessita desse direcionamento). Após a exposição à imagem, sujeitos preenchem um questionário, contendo duas perguntas de recuperação de memória para a marca de roupa: a primeira de recordação livre ou recall (ex.: cite uma marca de roupa), e a segunda de reconhecimento (ex.: das marcas abaixo, qual delas aparece na foto?). No outro experimento (Exp.2), sujeitos são expostos a uma imagem (um símbolo de marca de roupa ou um símbolo fictício, dependendo da situação experimental) e a uma palavra (um logotipo de marca de roupa existente ou de marca fictícia, também dependendo da situação experimental). O símbolo é primeiramente exposto em tela, seguido de tela branca, seguida do logotipo, sendo todas as exposições de 250ms. A tarefa dos sujeitos é ler o logotipo exposto, o mais rápido possível. Este experimento tem caráter secundário no trabalho, e seu objetivo é verificar se a exposição prévia ao símbolo de uma marca pode favorecer o reconhecimento do logotipo de marca apresentada posteriormente, em exposições muito curtas. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi verificar como o direcionamento da atenção para plano de frente ou de fundo da imagem pode influenciar a recuperação de memória (recall e reconhecimento) da marca contida na imagem. Esperava-se que o direcionamento para o fundo, onde a marca se situa na imagem, facilitasse tanto recall quanto reconhecimento (o que foi verificado através de perguntas de recuperação de memória). Os resultados do Exp.1 mostraram que não houve efeito do direcionamento da atenção na recuperação da marca presente na imagem, sugerindo que marcas desconhecidas demandam exposições mais longas do que 500ms, e devem fazer parte da área espacial onde está o foco atencional do indivíduo. Além disso, tanto memória para a marca contida no segundo plano da cena quanto aspectos gerais dessa cena não tiveram relação com a posição (direita ou esquerda) do grupo de pesoas da imagem (ou seja, o primeiro plano). Em relação ao Exp.2, os resultados mostraram que a situação em que o indivíduo observa um símbolo de marca bastante conhecida antes de ver um logotipo desconhecido é a situação na qual pessoas levam mais tempo para identificar o logotipo visto. Isto sugere que é mais difícil ler corretamente um nome que não faz parte da memória declarativa depois de se ver um desenho ligado a outro nome do mesmo campo semântico do que ler corretamente este nome desconhecido depois de ver um desenho que não mantém relação com o campo semântico em questão (no caso, marcas de roupa). / The manipulation of attention may influence the formation of memories, and their later retrieval (Linch and Srull, 1982). Considering concepts of attention, memory, priming and visual perception, the present study proposes an investigation about the influence of attention modulation on short term memory in a context not commonly considered: 1) when attention is not directly manipulated by the experimenter; 2) when the experimental situation is similar to what is found in a day-to-day context, involving memory retrieval of clothing brand names. Both experiments carried out in this study are contextualized in the review of several studies in the areas of communication, cognitive psychology and neuroscience (or cognitive neuroscience --- Gazzaniga, 2006). In one of the experiments (Exp.1), the subjects are exposed to an image projected on a screen. In the foreground of this image, there is a group of people embraced, and, in the background, a billboard which contains an advertisement of a brand of clothing, where the brand name can be clearly seen. Before being exposed to the image, which occurs for 500ms, the subjects are given a task. One experimental group must say what color is predominant in the peoples clothes in the picture, and the other group must say what color is predominant in the landscape. This is the indirect manipulation of attention to foreground or background (the subject is not asked to pay attention to one or the other, but he or she receives a task that, to be carried out, requires this manipulation). After the exposure to the image, the subjects fill out a questionnaire containing two questions of memory retrieval of the clothing brand: one of free recall (e.g.: name a clothing brand) and the second one of recognition (e.g.: which brand mentioned below appears in the image?). In the other experiment (Exp. 2), subjects are exposed to an image (a symbol of clothing brand or a fictitious symbol, depending on the experimental situation) and to one word (a logo of an existing clothing brand or a fictitious brand, also depending on the experimental situation). The symbol is firstly displayed on screen followed by a white screen, then the logo; all the exposures last 250ms. The task of the subjects is to read the displayed logo as quickly as possible. This experiment is secondary in this study, and its aims is to verify if prior exposure to a symbol of a brand can favor the recognition of the brand logo presented afterwards, in very short exposures. The general objective of the study was to verify how the directing of attention to the foreground or the background of the image can influence memory retrieval (recall and recognition) of the brand contained in the image. It was expected that directing attention to the background, where the brand was located in the image, would facilitate both recall and recognition (which was verified through questions of memory retrieval). The results obtained in Exp.1 have shown that there was no effect from attention directing in the retrieval of the brand present in the image, suggesting that unknown brands require exposures longer than 500ms, and must be part of the area where the subjects attention is focused. Moreover, both memory of the brand contained in the background of the image and general aspects of the scene had no relation to the position (right or left) of the group of people in the image (that is, the foreground). Regarding Exp. 2, the results have shown that the situation in which the subject observes a very well-known brand symbol before seeing an unknown logo is the one in which people take more time to identify the logo seen. This suggests that it is more difficult to correctly read a name that is not part of the declarative memory after seeing a drawing linked to another name of the same semantic field, than to correctly read this unknown name after seeing a drawing that does not have any relation to the semantic field in question (in this case, clothing brands).

A manipulação da atenção pode influenciar a formação de memórias, e sua posterior recuperação (Linch e Srull, 1982). Abordando conceitos de atenção, memória, pré-ativação e percepção visual, este trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre influência da modulação da atenção na memória de curta duração em um cenário pouco estudado: 1) quando a atenção não é diretamente dirigida pelo experimentador; 2) quando a situação experimental é parecida com a encontrada no contexto do dia-a-dia, envolvendo recuperação de memória para marca de vestimenta. Os dois experimentos realizados neste trabalho se contextualizam na revisão de diversos estudos nas áreas de comunicação, psicologia cognitiva e neurociência (ou neurociência cognitiva Gazzaniga, 2006). Em um dos experimentos (Exp.1), os sujeitos são expostos a uma imagem projetada em tela. No primeiro plano dessa imagem, há um grupo de pessoas abraçadas, e, no segundo plano, um outdoor com um anúncio de marca de roupa, onde o nome da marca anunciada pode ser claramente vista. Antes de serem expostos à imagem, o que ocorre por 500ms, passa-se uma tarefa para eles. Um grupo experimental deve dizer qual cor predomina na roupa das pessoas da foto, e outro, qual cor predomina na paisagem. Esse é o direcionamento indireto da atenção para plano de frente ou de fundo (não se pede que o sujeito atenda para frente ou fundo, mas dá-se a ele uma tarefa que, para ser cumprida, necessita desse direcionamento). Após a exposição à imagem, sujeitos preenchem um questionário, contendo duas perguntas de recuperação de memória para a marca de roupa: a primeira de recordação livre ou recall (ex.: cite uma marca de roupa), e a segunda de reconhecimento (ex.: das marcas abaixo, qual delas aparece na foto?). No outro experimento (Exp.2), sujeitos são expostos a uma imagem (um símbolo de marca de roupa ou um símbolo fictício, dependendo da situação experimental) e a uma palavra (um logotipo de marca de roupa existente ou de marca fictícia, também dependendo da situação experimental). O símbolo é primeiramente exposto em tela, seguido de tela branca, seguida do logotipo, sendo todas as exposições de 250ms. A tarefa dos sujeitos é ler o logotipo exposto, o mais rápido possível. Este experimento tem caráter secundário no trabalho, e seu objetivo é verificar se a exposição prévia ao símbolo de uma marca pode favorecer o reconhecimento do logotipo de marca apresentada posteriormente, em exposições muito curtas. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi verificar como o direcionamento da atenção para plano de frente ou de fundo da imagem pode influenciar a recuperação de memória (recall e reconhecimento) da marca contida na imagem. Esperava-se que o direcionamento para o fundo, onde a marca se situa na imagem, facilitasse tanto recall quanto reconhecimento (o que foi verificado através de perguntas de recuperação de memória). Os resultados do Exp.1 mostraram que não houve efeito do direcionamento da atenção na recuperação da marca presente na imagem, sugerindo que marcas desconhecidas demandam exposições mais longas do que 500ms, e devem fazer parte da área espacial onde está o foco atencional do indivíduo. Além disso, tanto memória para a marca contida no segundo plano da cena quanto aspectos gerais dessa cena não tiveram relação com a posição (direita ou esquerda) do grupo de pesoas da imagem (ou seja, o primeiro plano). Em relação ao Exp.2, os resultados mostraram que a situação em que o indivíduo observa um símbolo de marca bastante conhecida antes de ver um logotipo desconhecido é a situação na qual pessoas levam mais tempo para identificar o logotipo visto. Isto sugere que é mais difícil ler corretamente um nome que não faz parte da memória declarativa depois de se ver um desenho ligado a outro nome do mesmo campo semântico do que ler corretamente este nome desconhecido depois de ver um desenho que não mantém relação com o campo semântico em questão (no caso, marcas de roupa). / The manipulation of attention may influence the formation of memories, and their later retrieval (Linch and Srull, 1982). Considering concepts of attention, memory, priming and visual perception, the present study proposes an investigation about the influence of attention modulation on short term memory in a context not commonly considered: 1) when attention is not directly manipulated by the experimenter; 2) when the experimental situation is similar to what is found in a day-to-day context, involving memory retrieval of clothing brand names. Both experiments carried out in this study are contextualized in the review of several studies in the areas of communication, cognitive psychology and neuroscience (or cognitive neuroscience --- Gazzaniga, 2006). In one of the experiments (Exp.1), the subjects are exposed to an image projected on a screen. In the foreground of this image, there is a group of people embraced, and, in the background, a billboard which contains an advertisement of a brand of clothing, where the brand name can be clearly seen. Before being exposed to the image, which occurs for 500ms, the subjects are given a task. One experimental group must say what color is predominant in the peoples clothes in the picture, and the other group must say what color is predominant in the landscape. This is the indirect manipulation of attention to foreground or background (the subject is not asked to pay attention to one or the other, but he or she receives a task that, to be carried out, requires this manipulation). After the exposure to the image, the subjects fill out a questionnaire containing two questions of memory retrieval of the clothing brand: one of free recall (e.g.: name a clothing brand) and the second one of recognition (e.g.: which brand mentioned below appears in the image?). In the other experiment (Exp. 2), subjects are exposed to an image (a symbol of clothing brand or a fictitious symbol, depending on the experimental situation) and to one word (a logo of an existing clothing brand or a fictitious brand, also depending on the experimental situation). The symbol is firstly displayed on screen followed by a white screen, then the logo; all the exposures last 250ms. The task of the subjects is to read the displayed logo as quickly as possible. This experiment is secondary in this study, and its aims is to verify if prior exposure to a symbol of a brand can favor the recognition of the brand logo presented afterwards, in very short exposures. The general objective of the study was to verify how the directing of attention to the foreground or the background of the image can influence memory retrieval (recall and recognition) of the brand contained in the image. It was expected that directing attention to the background, where the brand was located in the image, would facilitate both recall and recognition (which was verified through questions of memory retrieval). The results obtained in Exp.1 have shown that there was no effect from attention directing in the retrieval of the brand present in the image, suggesting that unknown brands require exposures longer than 500ms, and must be part of the area where the subjects attention is focused. Moreover, both memory of the brand contained in the background of the image and general aspects of the scene had no relation to the position (right or left) of the group of people in the image (that is, the foreground). Regarding Exp. 2, the results have shown that the situation in which the subject observes a very well-known brand symbol before seeing an unknown logo is the one in which people take more time to identify the logo seen. This suggests that it is more difficult to correctly read a name that is not part of the declarative memory after seeing a drawing linked to another name of the same semantic field, than to correctly read this unknown name after seeing a drawing that does not have any relation to the semantic field in question (in this case, clothing brands).

No description available.

Les entreprises industrielles évoluent désormais dans un environnement de plus en plus incertain. Ces incertitudes sont liées à la fois à l'amont et à l'aval de la chaîne logistique, mais aussi à la configuration interne de la chaîne et de ses systèmes d'information ou encore à des comportements organisationnels néfastes. Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre comment les entreprises industrielles gèrent les incertitudes présentes dans l'environnement de leurs chaînes logistiques. Notre recherche se déroule en deux étapes : une étude préliminaire et principale. L'observation participante menée en étude préliminaire a permis de montrer qu'une entreprise réputée en management de la chaîne logistique a choisi de restructurer ses ressources afin de diminuer la vulnérabilité de sa chaîne logistique. Ainsi, l'étude principale s'articule autour de l'approche basée sur les ressources et du courant des capacités dynamiques. La revue de la littérature montre que l'agilité et la résilience sont deux capacités dynamiques du management de la chaîne logistique. Mobilisant la méthode des cas comme heuristique permettant d'organiser la recherche, six études de cas sont menées au sein d'entreprises industrielles de tailles hétérogènes et de secteurs d'activités variés. Une fois les données collectées et codées sous forme de codage multithématique sur le logiciel NVIVO 8, les résultats s'organisent autour du protocole de cas. Ils retracent les incertitudes rencontrées par les entreprises industrielles et s'attachent à montrer quels outils, pratiques et stratégies sont développés pour diminuer la vulnérabilité. Ces outils, pratiques et stratégies sont des construits des capacités dynamiques et permettent d'identifier si les entreprises font preuves d'agilité et de résilience. Puis, les résultats montrent les difficultés au développement des capacités dynamiques et l'analyse identifie le manque de connaissance en management de la chaîne logistique comme barrière principale. La discussion de la thèse s'oriente autour de la connaissance comme réponse à l'incertitude. La thèse met en avant un décalage entre des connaissances académiques avancées en management de la chaîne logistique et des connaissances plus restreintes en entreprises. La littérature académique s'intéresse principalement aux entreprises matures en management de la chaîne logistique. Cependant, elles ne sont pas représentatives des autres entreprises industrielles. En s'intéressant au lien entre recherche, enseignement et pratique, il est possible d'identifier que le manque de connaissance en management de la chaîne logistique laisse un espace à la création d'effets de mode à la fois dans le monde de la pratique et de la recherche. Finalement, la thèse met en avant les conditions d'émergence de formes d'isomorphisme institutionnel dans les institutions universitaires, engendrant des effets de mode dans les travaux académiques, le tout n'ayant qu'un lien relatif avec la réalité empirique. / Industrial companies evolve from now on in a more and more uncertain environment. These uncertainties are linked to upstream and downstream the supply chain, but are also linked to the internal configuration of the supply chain and its information systems, or even linked to possible fatal organizational behavior. This thesis has for objective to understand how industrial companies manage their supply chains environmental uncertainties. The research takes place in two stages: a preliminary and main study. The participating observation led during the preliminary study showed that a company, famous in supply chain management, chose to restructure its resources in order to decrease the vulnerability of its supply chain. So, the main study is built around the Resource-based view based and around the dynamic capacities. The literature review shows that agility and resilience are two dynamic capacities of supply chain management. Using the case-study method as an heuristics allowing to organize the research, six case studies are conducted within industrial companies of heterogeneous sizes and varied business sectors. Once the data were collected and coded in the form of multithematic coding on the software NVIVO 8, the results get organized according to the case study protocol. They redraw the uncertainties met by industrial companies and attempt to show which tools, practices and strategies are developed to decrease the vulnerability. These tools, practices and strategies are some constructs of the dynamic capacities and allow identifying if companies show agility and resilience capabilities. Then, the results show the difficulties in the development of the dynamic capacities and the analysis identifies the lack of knowledge in supply chain management as the main barrier. The discussion of the thesis turns around knowledge as the answer to uncertainty. The thesis identifies a gap between strong academic knowledge in supply chain management and a more restricted knowledge in companies. The academic literature is mainly presenting the supply chain management held in mature companies. However, they do not represent other industrial companies. Focusing on the link between research, education and practice, it is possible to identify that a lack of knowledge in supply chain management leaves some room for the creation of latest fads in the world of practice and research. Finally, the thesis shows the emergence conditions for several forms of institutional isomorphism in the university institutions, engendering latest fads in the academic works, having only a relative link with the empirical reality.

The thesis examines two interrelated topics; the perception of management theory in general, and the efficacy of the learning organisation in particular. The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to compare the rhetoric espoused in the learning organisation literature with a survey of senior managers in large, commercial organisations. The results revealed a positive disposition towards business and management theory in general. The survey also demonstrated that leadership is considered the most important variable in the success of a company. This is facilitated through the attraction and retention of the appropriate staff and creating sufficient space for them to operate. Learning is embedded by anticipating the future, learning from the past and enabling good communication. However, the latter is balanced through change management. This is derived through legitimate authority and a reliance on planning. Finally, a strategy of experimentation is balanced by challenging industry rules. Themes involving politics, corporate alignment and corporate longevity were found to have relatively little convergent validity. The third section of the questionnaire reveals a positive disposition towards the learning organisation. The contribution of this thesis is in three areas. First, it is the only work to evaluate the anti-guru school. Second is the development of a syncretic model of learning organisation concept using structural equation modelling. Finally, it explains and examines the largely misunderstood concept of management fashions.

The thesis examines two interrelated topics; the perception of management theory in general, and the efficacy of the learning organisation in particular. The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to compare the rhetoric espoused in the learning organisation literature with a survey of senior managers in large, commercial organisations. The results revealed a positive disposition towards business and management theory in general. The survey also demonstrated that leadership is considered the most important variable in the success of a company. This is facilitated through the attraction and retention of the appropriate staff and creating sufficient space for them to operate. Learning is embedded by anticipating the future, learning from the past and enabling good communication. However, the latter is balanced through change management. This is derived through legitimate authority and a reliance on planning. Finally, a strategy of experimentation is balanced by challenging industry rules. Themes involving politics, corporate alignment and corporate longevity were found to have relatively little convergent validity. The third section of the questionnaire reveals a positive disposition towards the learning organisation. The contribution of this thesis is in three areas. First, it is the only work to evaluate the anti-guru school. Second is the development of a syncretic model of learning organisation concept using structural equation modelling. Finally, it explains and examines the largely misunderstood concept of management fashions.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att beskriva och kartlägga hur adoptionen av styrmodeller kan se ut i stora företag och utifrån detta identifiera vilken betydelse olika faktorer karaktäriserade av individuella-, organisationella- och omvärldsaspekter som påverkar adoptionen. Detta för att öka kunskapen om vilka faktorer som kan ligga bakom adoptionen av styrmodeller och hur dessa påverkar. Vidare är syftet att explorativt finna mönster mellan påverkande faktorer och företags strukturella attribut för att se hur möjliga kopplingar till företagens strukturer kan se ut. Studien bidrar därmed iutvecklingen av ett mer holistiskt synsätt. För att uppnå syftet utgår studien från sju faktorer; rationella och effektiva, psykodynamiska, retoriska och mode, politiska, kulturella, tvingande samt härmande och trender som på olika sätt påverkar adoptionen inom företag. Studien genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tio stycken stora företag i Norrbotten med olika attribut inom ledartyp, ägarform och koncernförhållande. Företagens deltagare utgjordes av beslutsfattare med höga positioner inom företaget medinsikt i adoptionsprocessen som ingående kunde förklara händelser som påverkade adoptionen. Resultaten indikerar på att samtliga sju faktorer i olika grad påverkar företagens adoption av styrmodeller. Framförallt var de rationella och effektiva faktorerna klart framträdande som den faktor med högst påverkan inom samtliga företag eftersom att adoptionsbeslutet ofta grundade sig i någon form av problem eller kris. Resterande faktorer påverkade i olika utsträckning, där det fanns antydningar om mönster mellan faktorer och företagens strukturella attribut. Studien formulerade sex hypoteser kopplat till funna mönster mellan faktorer och företagens strukturella attribut. / The purpose of this thesis is to describe and map how the adoption of management practices works in large companies and to identify the importance of different factors characterized of individual, organizational and environmental aspects that can affect the adoption. This to increase knowledge about the underlying factors that might affect the adoption of management practices. Furthermore, the purpose is to exploratively find patterns between influencing factors and corporate structural attributes to identify how possible connections to corporate structures may exist. This study contributes to the development of a more holistic approach. To achieve the purpose, the study is based on seven different factors; Rational and effective, psychodynamic, rhetorical and fashion, political, cultural, forced-selection (coercive), and imitation (mimetic) and trends that affect business adoption in various ways. This study was conducted through qualitativeinterviews with ten large companies in Norrbotten with different attributes in the management type, ownership and corporate relationship. The companies’ participants consisted of high-level decision-makers within each company with insight into the adoption process, which could thus explain in detail the events that affected the adoption. The results indicate that all seven factors influence the companies’ adoption of management practices to a different extent. In particular, the rational and effective factors were clearly prominent as the factors with the highest impact within all companies, because the adoption decision was often based on some kind of problem or crisis. Remaining factors affected to varying degrees, where there were indications of patterns between factors and the company's structural attributes. The study formulated six hypotheses linked to found patterns between factors and the company's structural attributes.

Furniture history is often considered a niche subject removed from the main discipline of art history, and one that has little to do with the output of painters, sculptors and architects. This thesis, however, connects the key intellectual, artistic and architectural debates surfacing in 'the arts' between 1740 and 1840 with the design of British furniture. Despite the expanding corpus of scholarly monographs and articles dealing with individual cabinet-makers, furniture making in geographic areas and periods of time, little attention has been paid to exploring Gothic furniture made between 1740 and 1840. Indeed, no body of research on 'mainstream' Gothic furniture made at this time has been published. No sustained attempt has been made to trace its stylistic evolution, establish stylistic phases, or to place this development within the context of contemporary architectural practice and historiography — except for the study of A.W.N. Pugin's 'Reformed Gothic'. Neither have furniture historians been willing to explore the aesthetic's connection with the intellectual and sentimental position of 'the Gothic' in the period. This thesis addresses these shortcomings and is the first to bridge the historiographic, cultural and architectural concerns of the time with the stylistic, constructional and material characteristics of Gothic furniture. It argues that it, like architecture, was charged with social and political meanings that included national identity in the eighteenth century — around a century before Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin designed the Palace of Westminster and prominently associated the Gothic legacy with Britishness.