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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Robot Navigation Using Velocity Potential Fields and Particle Filters for Obstacle Avoidance

Bai, Jin January 2015 (has links)
In this thesis, robot navigation using the Particle Filter based FastSLAM approach for obstacle avoidance derived from a modified Velocity Potential Field method was investigated. A switching controller was developed to deal with robot’s efficient turning direction when close to obstacles. The determination of the efficient turning direction is based on the local map robot derived from its on board local sensing. The estimation of local map and robot path was implemented using the FastSLAM approach. A particle filter was utilized to obtain estimated robot path and obstacles (local map). When robot sensed only obstacles, the estimated robot positions was regarding to obstacles based the measurement of the distance between the robot and obstacles. When the robot detected the goal, estimation of robot path will switch to estimation with regard to the goal in order to obtain better estimated robot positions. Both simulation and experimental results illustrated that estimation with regard to the goal performs better than estimation regarding only to obstacles, because when robot travelled close to the goal, the residual error between estimated robot path and the ideal robot path becomes monotonously decreasing. When robot reached the goal, the estimated robot position and the ideal robot position converge. We investigated our proposed approach in two typical robot navigation scenarios. Simulations were accomplished using MATLAB, and experiments were conducted with the help of both MATLAB and LabVIEW. In simulations and experiments, the robot successfully chose efficiently turning direction to avoid obstacles and finally reached the goal.
2

Evaluation of Methods for 3D Environment Reconstruction with Respect to Navigation and Manipulation Tasks for Mobile Robots / Utvärdering av metoder för 3D-miljö återuppbyggnad med avseende på navigation och Manipulation Uppgifter för mobila robotar

Husain, Syed Farzad January 2010 (has links)
The field of 3-D-environment reconstruction has been subject to various research activities in recent years. The applications for mobile robots are manifold. First, for navigation tasks (especially SLAM), the perception of 3-D-obstacles has many advantages over navigation in 2-D-maps, as it is commonly done. Objects that are located hanging above the ground can be recognized and furthermore, the robots gain a lot more information about its operation area what makes localization easier. Second, in the field of tele-operation of robots, a visualization of the environment in three dimensions helps the tele-operator performing tasks. Therefore, a consistent, dynamically updated environment model is crucial. Third, for mobile manipulation in a dynamic environment, an on-line obstacle detection and collision avoidance can be realized, if the environment is known. In recent research activities, various approaches to 3-D-environment reconstruction have evolved. Two of the most promising methods are FastSLAM and 6-D-SLAM. Both are capable of building dense 3D environment maps on-line. The first one uses a Particle Filter applied on extracted features in combination with a robot system model and a measurement model to reconstruct a map. The second one works on 3-D point cloud data and reconstructs an environment using the ICP algorithm. Both of these methods are implemented in GNU C++. Firstly, FastSLAM is implemented. The object-oriented programming technique is used to build up the Particle and Extended Kalman Filters. Secondly, 6-D SLAM is implemented. The concept of inheritance in C++ is used to make the implementation of ICP algorithm as much generic as possible. To test our implementation a mobile robot called Care-O-bot 3 is used. The mobile robot is equipped with a color and a time-of-fight camera. Data sets are taken as the robot moves in different environments and our implementation of FastSLAM and 6-D SLAM is used to reconstruct the maps. / Fältet av 3-D-miljö återuppbyggnaden har varit föremål för olika forskningsinsatser under senare år. De ansökningar om mobila robotar är många. Först för navigering uppgifter (särskilt Slam), uppfattningen av 3-D-hinder har många fördelar jämfört navigering i 2-D-kartor, som det vanligtvis görs. Objekt som finns hänger över marken kan erkännas och dessutom robotarna vinna mycket mer information om dess verksamhet området vad som gör lokalisering lättare. För det andra, när det gäller tele-drift av robotar, hjälper en visualisering av miljön i tre dimensioner tele-aktör som utför uppgifter. Därför är en konsekvent, dynamiskt uppdaterade miljö modell avgörande. Tredje kan för mobila manipulation i en dynamisk miljö, en on-line hinder upptäcka och undvika kollisioner förverkligas, om miljön är känd. Under senare forskning, till 3-D-miljö återuppbyggnaden olika strategier har utvecklats. Två av de mest lovande metoderna är FastSLAM och 6-D-Slam. Båda kan bygga täta 3D-miljö kartor on-line. Det första man använder ett partikelfilter som tillämpas på extraherade funktioner i kombination med ett robotsystem modell och en mätning modell för att rekonstruera en karta. Den andra verk på 3-D data punktmoln och rekonstruerar en miljö med hjälp av ICP algoritm. Båda dessa metoder implementeras i GNU C. För det första är FastSLAM genomföras. Det objektorienterade programmering Tekniken används för att bygga upp Partikel-och Extended Kalman filter. För det andra är 6-D SLAM genomförs. Begreppet arv i C används för att göra genomförandet av ICP algoritm så mycket generisk som möjligt. För att testa vårt genomförande en mobil robot som heter Care-O-bot 3 används. Den mobila roboten är utrustad med en färg och en time-of-kamp kamera. Dataset tas som roboten rör sig i olika miljöer och vårt genomförande av FastSLAM och 6-D SLAM används för att rekonstruera kartorna. / farzadhusain@gmail.com Contact in Sweden 0046-762-409910

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