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THE UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE DRIFT AS A FOOD SOURCE BY ARIZONA TROUT, (SALMO APACHE) AND BROWN TROUT, (SALMO TRUTTA).Billings, Rick Marvin. January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
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Evaluation of tree forage as a nontraditional feedstuff for small livestockAyers, Anne Christine 07 August 1992 (has links)
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate tree
forage as a feedstuff for small livestock, using the
foliage of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and hybrid
poplar (Populus spp.). In the first trial, rabbits were
fed diets containing 40% alfalfa (control), and 10%, 20%
and 40% poplar leaves (PL) from untrimmed or uncoppiced
growth, and 10% and 20% PL from trimmed or coppiced
growth. At the 20% level, crude protein (CP) was better
digested for the coppiced PL than for the uncoppiced (p <
.05). No significant difference was evident between
treatments in the average daily gain (ADG) or feed
efficiency, but dry matter (DM) intake increased for all
the PL treatments compared to the control (p < .01). In
the second experiment, black locust (BL) leaves were
treated by various methods in an attempt to counter the
effect of tannins. Rabbits were fed diets containing 50%
alfalfa (control), 25% alfalfa and 25% black locust meal
(BLM) (BLM control), BLM + 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG),
BLM + 1% phytase, and BLM + 0.3% L-methionine and 0.3%
choline chloride. In general, nutrient utilization and
ADG were better for the control than for the BLM
treatments. The addition of PEG increased CP
digestibility (p < .01) and ADF (p < .03) compared to the
BLM control, partially alleviating the reduced nutrient
availability. The addition of L-methionine and choline
chloride increased ADF digestibility (p < .02). In the
third trial, black locust (BL) bark and other tree
products were used to study the possible toxic effects of
lectins in BL bark. Rabbits were fed diets containing 25%
BL bark, oak sawdust, red alder bark, or red alder sawdust
(all diets also included 25% alfalfa). A 50% alfalfa diet
served as a control. In general, nutrient digestibilities
and ADG were higher for the control than the treatments
and, also, higher for the BL bark diet than the alder bark
diet. The ADG with the BL bark diet was lower than for
the alder bark diet (p < .01), which indicated a possible
toxic effect of the BL bark. The fourth trial examined
the feeding value of poplar leaves for sheep. Sheep were
fed diets containing 50% PL or 50% alfalfa. Nutrient
digestibilities were lower for the PL diet (p < .01). In
the fifth experiment, BL leaves were fed to sheep and
goats in order to determine if goats, being browsers
instead of grazers like the sheep, are better equipped to
tolerate the anti-nutritive effects from BL forage. Sheep
and goats were fed diets composed solely of BL leaves or
alfalfa (control). Overall, the nutrient digestibilities
were higher for alfalfa than for BL leaves, and there was
no difference in terms of digestibility between species.
Although the leaves of black locust and poplar contain
anti-nutritive factors, it was concluded that the trees
have potential as multipurpose trees from which the leaves
could be harvested as animal fodder, particularly in
temperate areas of the developing world. / Graduation date: 1993
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Behavioral flexibility of feeding dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in Admiralty Bay, New ZealandMcFadden, Cynthia Joy 30 September 2004 (has links)
Foraging theory suggests that hungry animals balance a complex set of costs and benefits when determining what and how to eat. Prey distribution, patch size, and the presence of conspecifics are important factors influencing a predator's feeding tactics, including the decision to feed individually or socially. Dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in New Zealand employ different feeding tactics in varying habitats and seasons. I used programmed survey routes and opportunistic sightings to examine the habitat use and feeding mechanics of dusky dolphins in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand, a protected shallow-water environment frequented by wintering dolphins. I encountered 253 dolphin groups, of which 58.5% were engaged in food-acquisition activities. Photographic efforts revealed a total of 177 individually-recognizable dolphins, 100 of which were returnees from previous seasons. Thirty-seven feeding groups and 70 bouts of feeding behavior were followed. Two-minute interval sampling as well as active acoustic sonar were used to test the hypothesis that diurnally-feeding dolphins would work in a coordinated manner to bring schooling fish to the surface. Feeding tactics observed in Admiralty Bay were then compared to foraging by some of the same animals in the unprotected, deep-water environment off Kaikoura, where large numbers of dusky dolphins feed during the night on organisms associated with a vertically-migrating scattering layer. Evidence supporting coordinated surface feeding was not statistically significant, but indicative of behavioral flexibility in feeding styles as part of a larger feeding repertoire. A potential shift in prey distribution from previous years may also explain some observed patterns. Feeding groups were positively correlated with seabirds and New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). Mean group size of
6.1 (± 8.23 S.D., n=253) in Admiralty Bay is dramatically less than groups observed off Kaikoura, a variation likely reflecting differences in prey number and distribution, as well as differences in predation risk by deep-water sharks and killer whales. Behavioral flexibility likely confers an adaptive advantage for species subject to environmental fluctuation, whether due to natural or anthropogenic sources. Further research is necessary to evaluate prey distribution in Admiralty Bay and its possible effects on feeding dusky dolphins.
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Catholic ethical issues in medically assisted nutrition and hydration for patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS)Rodrigues, Bartholomew. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).
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Factors associated with the choice of infant feeding technique a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /Griffin, Catherine McLeod. Kaudewitz, Laurie Gasperi. January 1978 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.
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Factors associated with the choice of infant feeding technique a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /Griffin, Catherine McLeod. Kaudewitz, Laurie Gasperi. January 1978 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.
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Catholic ethical issues in medically assisted nutrition and hydration for patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS)Rodrigues, Bartholomew. January 1996 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).
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Catholic ethical issues in medically assisted nutrition and hydration for patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS)Rodrigues, Bartholomew. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).
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Habitat utilization by mule deer in relation to cattle and California bighorn sheep in the Ashnola River Valley, British ColumbiaMorrison, Douglas Charles January 1972 (has links)
Habitat use by mule deer, particularly in relation to use by cattle and by California bighorn sheep on the bighorn winter-spring ranges of Flatiron Mountain was studied from January 1968 through November 1969. Observations were made of (1) food habits, (2) forage production and utilization, (3) the effect of spring and summer utilization on subsequent forage production and (4) spatial and temporal distribution of range use.
The results indicate that competition for forage between the native ungulates, deer and sheep, is largely obviated by differential habitat use. This may point to long term evolutionary ecological niche specialization. Some competition for forage occurs for a short period in the early spring when both ungulate species seek succulent new grass, the supply of which is at first limited.
Cattle use of the winter-spring ranges was excessive and the diets of cattle and the native ungulates are similar, with the exception that utilization of grass by deer was less. Range use by cattle contributed to intra-specific cattle-deer competition on the grasslands in the spring and cattle-bighorn competition on the grasslands during the winter.
The study of spring range utilization indicated that deer use was not detrimental to the 1969 annual forage production in areas used by deer. Spring range utilization by bighorn or bighorn in combination with deer reduced the standing crop of forage produced on the Agropyron spicatum dominated winter-spring ranges. Sheep
utilization on South Slope during the summer, when forage growth was declining, further reduced the amount of forage available to the wintering bighorn population. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate
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Determination of the effects of fish size and feed pellet size on the settling characteristics of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) culture cleaning wastesThomson, Douglas Edward January 1986 (has links)
This research reports on the determination of the effects of fish size and feed pellet size on the settling characteristics of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) culture, tank cleaning wastes.
Flocculant particle settling curves (Type II) were developed from settling column analysis of cleaning wastes from 11-311 gram Rainbow trout fed a moist pellet diet (Oregon Moist Pellet ®). Four feed pellet sizes were investigated: 3/32, 1/8, 5/32 and 3/16 inch.
Overall non-filterable residue removal curves and individual particle settling velocity distribution curves, derived from the Type II settling curve of each fish size and feed pellet size group, were compared. Slopes and y-intercepts of the linearized overall non-filterable residue removal curves and individual particle settling velocity distribution curves were compared using the Equality of Slope Test (S:SLTEST).
Results of the test for a common regression equation indicated there were no significant differences in the proportional distribution of particle sizes within the cleaning wastes. Variations observed in the initial rates of removal within the overall non-filterable residue removal curves were considered insignificant
Settling trials were pooled in order to obtain single curves, characterizing the overall solids removal rate and the individual particle settling velocity distribution of the waste solids. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate
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