At the center of the presented work is six publications devoted to phenolic substances in wine and grapes. In the literary review are written main groups of phenolic substances found in grapes and wines made from them. In the topic are hydroxybenzoic and hydroxyscinnamic acids, stilbenes, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and anthocyanins. There is also mentioned theirs synthesis in grape berries. Reactions occurring in musts with participation of oxidative enzymes are involved also. Also are described the reactions occurring in grape musts with participation of oxidative enzymes affecting mainly cafftaric acid and subsequent reactions involving glutathione, or ascorbic acid. Oxidation of finished wines with the participation of metals ions leads to formation of the acetaldehyde is described also. This proces produces other reaction products too. The practical part includes necessary chemicals, treatment and processing of samples, the instrumental equipment and the description of the methods used in determination of the individual analytes by liquid chromatography. Other methods have been used to spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compouds. The first three publications deal with phenolic substances in Rhine Riesling, which allow verification of the geographical origin of grapes. Next publication uses anthocyanins for the same purpose. Determination of anthocyane dye profile makes possible to exclude inappropriate genetic sources for grape breeding. Determination of specific phenolic substances goups reveals the kinetics of processes taking place during maceration of mash.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids in selected plants, such as ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in which the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, verbascoside, ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin was monitored. The content of chlorogenic acid, coffee acid, routine, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, tiliroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) In addition, the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Also the content of chlorogenic acid, coffee acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). Similarly the extraction of phenolic compounds from these plants was carried out and subsequently subjected to chromatographic analysis on a UPLC liquid chromatograph with a PDA detector at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Plc.

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Angl. resumé

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The master thesis deals with study of Orange wine. In theoretical part the history, traditional vessels, phenolic compounds and basic analytical parameters of Orange wine were described. In the practical part an experiment was made: the comparison of 4 varieties and 3 different lenghts of maceration. The basic analytical parameters, phenolics content, catechin content, antiradical activity and reducing power were measured. These wines were evaluated by senzory analysis and aromatic profile as well.

The submitted thesis was focused on the study of redhead wines. In the experiment, wines of the redhead type were made using the technology of mixing of must and mixing of mash. For both variants, wines with different proportions of white and blue varieties were created. It was a variant of 75 % of the white variety to 25 % of the blue variety, 50 % of the two varieties and the third variant was 25 % of the white variety to 75 % of the blue variety. Pinot Blanc variety was used for the experiment for a white varieties and the Zweigeltrebe variety was used for the experiment for blue varieties. It also produced classic white and red wine from the varieties. Sensory analysis was performed on wines. Basic analytical parameters (alcohol, titratable acids, reducing sugars, pH and glycerol), antiradical activity and phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids) were also measured. The results show the fundamental impact of maceration of the solids of the berries on the resulting wines, followed by the influence of the variety used. Wines produced by maceration of mashes contained higher values of phenolic substances than wines produced by fermentation of musts.

The Master's thesis deals with the determination of the total content of phenolic compounds contained in garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum). Specifically, the influence of selected kitchen treatments (drying, boiling) on the content of phenolic compounds of garden parsley was monitored in the following three varieties: Atika, Hanácká, Olomoucká. First, the total polyphenol content was determined by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent in fresh parsley extract, further samples were dried and boiled. It was always done separately for root and stem. Thereafter, specific representatives of the phenolic compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography from the lyophilized material. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds was found in the dried parsley stem in case of all varieties. The highest content of specific phenolic compounds - apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin was found in the Atika variety, and also in the stems of all the mentioned varieties.