Niche differentiation is the most recognized species coexistence mechanism, of which, the temporal differentiation of species, i.e. phenological differentiation has gained an increasing interest of ecologists. However, as an important dimension of phenology, the phenology of growth has drawn relatively few attentions due to the lack of sufficient phenological data. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine potential role of temporal differentiation of plant growth patterns in plant coexistence. I first collected data on growth phenology of 381 perennial herbs in the Botanical Garden of Charles University in Prague within one growing season (in 2015). Using this database, I addressed the general patterns of growth phenology among perennial herbs. I distinguished two contrasting growth patterns: (1) species with early peak growth had high standardized growth rates in contrast to late species, reflecting the survival under forest canopy, where species are selected to grow early and fast before the development of tree canopy which restricts their size; (2) tall species showed later peak growth than short species, associating with (asymmetric) competition for light in open habitats, where the main selection factor is for tall stature, which cannot be attained early in the season. Then, by linking...

The diploma thesis deals with ash dieback caused by pathogenic agent Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. This pathogenic fungus has spread across the whole Europe during the last twenty years and became a serious threat for European ash populations (Fraxinus sp.). This work is mainly focused on H. fraxineus symptomatology in relation to phenology of Fraxinus excelsior L. in situ. Artificial infectious experiments were carried out and several control measures were tested. The methodology of inoculation with ascospores and methodology of evaluation of ash stands infected by H. fraxineus were designed. Outside the terms of assignment of this thesis, the speed of infection spread and mortality rate in stands of different ages were observed. One of the most interesting results is a finding that severe infection causes significant slowdown of phenological phases of F. excelsior. Infectious experiments showed high susceptibility of F. excelsior to the infection. The infection broke out in 83.7% of tested individuals. The susceptibility of F. pensylvanica and F. americana was proved to be considerably lower.

This diploma thesis is focused on winter rape growth and development modeling by DSSAT software. The date of flowering, date of maturity, yields, above ground biomass dynamics and LAI dynamics were used for parameterization and consequent validation of the selected model. The data from field trials conducted by Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZÚZ) within Lednice station (period from 1999 to 2006) and Domanínek station (period from 1999 to 2011) were used for simulations. Moreover data from field trials conducted by Mendel University in Brno within Domanínek station (period from 2012 to 2014) were used for winter rape modeling. This experiment consisted of eight variants with different sowing dates, nitrogen fertilization amounts and two cultivars. The dataset for DSSAT model testing was prepared based on above mentioned experiments. Despite the first attempt to simulate winter rape growth and development in Central Europe by DSSAT model, interesting results were achieved. Although some deviations between observed and simulated parameters appeared, the model was able to mimic characteristic crop growth dynamics. One of the main shortcomings is that model is not able to simulate necrosis of leaves within winter period. On the other hand, the model was able to reproduce the effect of different climatic conditions within included locations (i.e. later onset of observed phenophases within cooler station with higher elevation etc.) and the parameters were estimated with higher accuracy at Domanínek station.

Diploma thesis named „Analysis of phenological data for given species in protected landscape area Pálava within south Moravia region“ is focused partly on processing phenological historical database which includes pheno data about various birds populations. Thesis is also focused on field observations at various exeprimental sites, especially area Pálava. Historical records came from two localities in south Moravia since 1970 till 2003 according to given species and locality. Elaboration of phenological series and trends is done for three bird species - the Great Tit (Parus major), the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus) and the Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea). For final elaboration of phenological series the computer tool AnClim was used.The results showed earlier onset of mean laying day for great tit and blue tit (by 1.1. – 5 days within the decade). Also the trend analysis showed agreement within the phenological series when comparing trends among each other or among different sites.

The thesis is dealing with phenophases of winter wheat and spring barley. It assesses influence of the sum of active temperatures and the sum of effective temperature on the length of period between commencement of early mil ripeness and hard dough ripeness. Monitoring undertaken at the fields around Cholina village between years was used as foundation for this thesis. Phenological monitoring as well as weather data fron weather station of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute in Luká was used for analysis. In this thesis, data about winter wheat yield and spring barley yield from station of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Věrovany werw also used. Analysis was carried out in during twenty yares of monitoring. Evaluation of data shows that earlier commencement of mentioned phenophase does not occur, but begin vary considerably.

The thesis is aimed at climatological, agroclimatological and phenological conditions at Tušimice observatory during 45 years of observations (1968-2012) on basis of meteorological and phenological data by using statistical methods, method of cumulative series and geographical information system. Basic climatic elements (air temperature, precipitation total, snow cover, cloudiness, wind, humidity, sunshine duration, fog and thunderstorm), agroclimatic characteristics according to the WMO recommendation, selected phenological phases (mainly beginning of flowering 10 %) of herb and wooden species were processed in the study. The literature overview was made on climatic and phenological conditions at Tušimice station, in the Czech Republic and other countries. Apart from statistical analysis, the elements were also evaluated in the interaction with the changing air circulation in Central Europe. In addition, results were compared to Quitt's classification based on long-term averages of meteorological data (1961-1990 versus 1981-2010). The drought occurrence was evaluated in 45 years of observations period. The thesis is divided into three main parts - Climatic conditions of Tušimice observatory (part 5.1), Agroclimatic conditions of Tušimice observatory (part 5.2) and Phenological conditions of...

The aim of this monograph was to prepare the text portion of the topic ornamental grasses, outline their origins, to deal with the selected properties of grasses, whether environmental, horticultural or compositional. Furthermore, the search for information concerning reproduction, significance and possible recommendations on the use of grasses. Drafted was both a literary review, and the results of the discussions that are new valuable for practical application. At selected model areas were conducted annual observations in the 14-day interval in 100 selected taxa of ornamental grasses in order to evaluate the properties of selected grasses on which there has been redefined and graphic arts habitual types. Results and discussion therefore engaged a total of five subchapters. The first is the phenology ornamental grasses, as well as evaluation of selected properties of grasses, habitual types of ornamental grasses, compositionally interesting combination of ornamental grasses with other horticultural plant groups and recommendations for the use of ornamental grasses in practice. The author has created a work based on the annual observation of ornamental grasses valuable material, which in this way has not yet been processed. Growth and development phases are highly traceable, based on photographs taken on their own, which is part of taxa cards. At the end, the author generalized conclusions based on the results of chapters and discussion.

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The thesis is about the timing of phenophases of species. Research was carried out on two contrasted meadows (wet and dry). Meadows were situated in localities Ohraze-ní and Bílé Karpaty. The aim was obseved the timing of phenophases in mown and unmown parts of meadows. And how mowing affect growth of species during the season. The next aim was monitored grow shoot biomass before and after mowing.

A better understanding of host – hemiparasite association can lead to deepening and improving strategies, which would result in a long-term sustainability of their mutual balance or prosperity of urban and forest vegetation growth. The aim of the thesis is to describe and explore periodicity and dynamics of hemiparasite (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) on various host woody species (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl., Carpinus betulus L., Prunus spinosa L.), options of the host support and means of a careful removal of parasite. However, to determine the progress of the infestation in time was the primary aim of the thesis. The research has been carried out in Brno – Kohoutovice and National Park Podyjí. The emergence of both hemiparasite´s and host´s phenophases were mutually compared in the critical conditions. The variation of the growth modules of mistletoe was compared in relation to the host species. The growth and fruit yield of the host and hemiparasite were analysed after the application of fertilizer based on the variations of the mineral content of leaves and soil. Between the years 2011-2015, 1599 stems were monitored for the degree of infestation by mistletoe. The results indicate that the vitality of the hemiparasite depends on the type of host. Fertilizer application improved the growth of the host. Arboricide application on the leaves of the hemiparasite was proven to be efficient. The abundance of hemiparasite increases with the increasing diameter at breast height (DBH), time and mutual interaction. The amount of hemiparasite slightly increases with the lower DBH. However, with the increasing DBH the mentioned phenomenon decreases. The trees with high DBH even show the decrease in the mistletoe infestation in time. Nevertheless, the decrease was accompanied by negative effect – gradual reduction of the crown and loss of the host tree branches. Hemiparasite is able to eradicate the whole stand. Hence, the necessity of paying attention to this issue since the young age of the individual trees. It is necessary to protect trees against stress aspects which can accelerate the negative effect of hemiparasite on the host.