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A greater understanding of precessional dynamics in magnetic systems is central to several emerging technologies. This thesis presents the design, construction and development of a Vector Network Analyser based Ferromagnetic Resonance measurement instrument (VNA-FMR), and its application in characterising dynamic material properties in hybrid anisotropy [CoPd]8-NiFe films, produced by remote plasma sputtering. Potential applications for hybrid films include Spin Torque Oscillators (STOs) or Vortex Oscillators (VO) for use as microwave emitters in, for example in Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR). The VNA-FMR system was first used to measure thin films of NiFe (permalloy) which allowed its capabilities to be quantified and compared to systems reported in the literature. The instrument demonstrated the capability of measuring permalloy films down to a thickness of 3 nm and was used to measure resonance and damping behaviour which agreed well with theory. The results obtained forMs were in agreement with measurement using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. The effect of interlayer exchange on FMR was explored in hybrid films using a sample series with varying Pd spacer layer thickness, t, [Co/Pd]-Pd(t)-NiFe. As Pd spacer thickness increased, a transition was observed from near complete coupling with a single resonance mode to separate acoustic and optical branches of resonance. As spacing was further increased, the branches converged towards the resonances of the individual component layers of the hybrid films. The results suggest exchange coupling has a range of less than 2 nm, and is completely extinguished at 5 nm, in agreement with previous measurements. However, a change in damping behaviour was observed between 10 and 20 nm spacer thickness, independent of field orientation.

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-03T12:00:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Solino Pessoa - 2010.pdf: 12461291 bytes, checksum: b86ea188061427a6c53a1664bfbc3419 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-04T11:04:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Solino Pessoa - 2010.pdf: 12461291 bytes, checksum: b86ea188061427a6c53a1664bfbc3419 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T11:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcio Solino Pessoa - 2010.pdf: 12461291 bytes, checksum: b86ea188061427a6c53a1664bfbc3419 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique at the microwave frequencies of X-band (9.79 GHz) and Q-band (34 Ghz) was used to study, at room temperature, the magnetic anisotropy of Fe/Mn/Fe trilayers. The samples studied were grown by molecular beam epitaxy onto MgO substrates at the temperatures of 50 ° C, 150 ° C and 175 ° C, at the pressure of 4 x 10-11 Torr. The thicknesses of the distinct layers were 5 or 10 nm for the bottom Fe layer grown onto the MgO substrate, varied from 0.8 to 1.35 nm, for the Mn spacer layer, and was kept constant and equal to 5 nm, for the top Fe layer. The FMR spectra of the symmetrical trilayer at X and Q-band microwave frequencies show only the uniform resonance mode. Asymmetrical trilayers also show non resonant and/or non aligned modes at X-band frequency, but only the uniform mode at Q-band frequency. For some samples this result gives evidence of a non-collinear coupling between the Fe layers in the presence of low intensity magnetic fields. The out-of-plane angular dependence of the absorption fields show that the magnetization for all trilayers studied is in the plane of the sample. The magnetic anisotropy was deduced from the in-plane angular dependence of the uniform resonance mode at Q-band frequency, taking the free energy of the magnetic system as the result of contributions from Zeeman, demagnetizing, and in-plane cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies. Fourfold in-plane anisotropy fields of 600 Oe and effective magnetizations above 16000 G were observed. The set of results obtained shows the high sensitivity and versatility of the FMR technique to study the magnetic properties of epitaxially grown monocrystalline nanometric structures. / A técnica de Ressonância Ferromagnética (RFM) nas frequências de micro-ondas de banda-X (9.79 GHz) e banda-Q (34 GHz) foi usada para estudar, à temperatura ambiente, a anisotropia magnética de tricamadas de Fe/Mn/Fe. As amostras estudadas foram crescidas por epitaxia de feixe molecular sobre substratos de MgO nas temperaturas de 50° C, 150° C e 175° C, à pressão de 4 x 10-11 Torr. A espessura da camada de Fe crescida sobre o MgO foi de 5 ou 10 nm, variou de 0.8 a 1.35 nm, para a camada separadora de Mn e foi mantida constante e igual a 5 nm, para a camada superior de Fe. Os espectros de RFM para a tricamada simétrica em bandas X e Q apresentam apenas o modo uniforme de ressonância. As tricamadas assimétricas apresentam também modos não ressonantes e/ou não alinhados em banda-X, mas apenas o modo uniforme em Banda-Q. Para algumas amostras, isto implica em um acoplamento não colinear entre as camadas de Fe na presença de campos magnéticos de baixa intensidade. A dependência angular do campo de ressonância fora do plano da amostra indica, para todas as amostras, que a magnetização se encontra no plano do filme. A anisotropia magnética das tricamadas foi deduzida a partir do estudo da dependência angular do campo de ressonância no plano da amostra, em banda-Q, tendo a energia livre do sistema contribuições de energias Zeeman, de desmagnetização e magnetocristalina cúbica. Campos de anisotropia cúbica da ordem de 600 Oe e magnetização efetiva superior a 16000 G foram observados. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos mostra a alta sensibilidade e versatilidade da técnica de RFM para estudar as propriedades magnéticas de estruturas monocristalinas nanométricas crescidas epitaxialmente.

This thesis compiles results of research in two mutuallydependent parts: 1) development of ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) spectrometer to study microwave properties offerromagnetic materials, and 2) characterization of new irongarnets: pulsed laser deposited Y3Fe5O12and Bi3Fe5O12films and Ce:Y3Fe5O12single crystal. First part describes a novelBroadbandFMRSpectrometerdesigned to characterize thin ferromagneticfilms. The spectrometer uses two probeheads: one is the X-bandmicrowave reflection cavity for room temperature measurementsand the in-cryostat microstrip line probe to perform FMRexperiments in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 40 GHz. Veryuniform and stable magnetic field up to 2.4 T, temperatures 4 Kto 420 K, and continuous frequency scan performed byHP8722Dvector network analyzer provide various modes ofoperation. Both probeheads are equipped with two-circlegoniometers to ensure accurate study of magneticanisotropy. The spectrometer was used to make express-analysis ofquality thus to optimize processing parameters of epitaxialiron garnet films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD).Comprehensive study of uniaxial and cubic magnetocrystallineanisotropy has been performed for Ce:Y3Fe5O12bulk crystal as well as for Y3Fe5O12and Bi3Fe5O12films grown on different substrates by PLD andreactive ion beam sputtering techniques. BroadbandFMR-spectroscopy revealed difference in spectra of domain wallresonances: instead of“soft”spin modes in filmsgrown by liquid phase epitaxy, PLD-made films show“diffuse”transformation of domains near thesaturation field. This effect indicates non-uniformity ofsaturation magnetization and field of uniaxial anisotropy inPLD-iron garnets. Spin wave resonances in comparison withuniform FMR have been studied to evaluate“localquality”of ferromagnetic films. The resonance field andFMR linewidth behavior were studied at various crystallographicdirections determined by X-ray diffraction. FMR was used to choose PLD-made YIG films with low losses atmicrowave frequencies and to build magnetostatic surface wavesmicrowave bandpass filter. The filter was designed as a planarfilm structure with a microstrip line for transducers. It is afirst demonstration of feasibility to introduce PLD processingtechnique to magnetostatic wave technology. Magneto-optical study of Ce:Y3Fe5O12single crystal complements results ofFMR-spectroscopy of new garnets. <b>Keywords:</b>ferrites, thin films, ferromagnetic resonance,microwaves, FMR spectrometer, magnetic anisotropy,magnetostatic waves.

<p>This thesis compiles results of research in two mutuallydependent parts: 1) development of ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) spectrometer to study microwave properties offerromagnetic materials, and 2) characterization of new irongarnets: pulsed laser deposited Y₃Fe₅O₁₂and Bi₃Fe₅O₁₂films and Ce:Y₃Fe₅O₁₂single crystal.</p><p>First part describes a novel<i>Broadband</i>FMR<i>Spectrometer</i>designed to characterize thin ferromagneticfilms. The spectrometer uses two probeheads: one is the X-bandmicrowave reflection cavity for room temperature measurementsand the in-cryostat microstrip line probe to perform FMRexperiments in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 40 GHz. Veryuniform and stable magnetic field up to 2.4 T, temperatures 4 Kto 420 K, and continuous frequency scan performed by<i>HP8722D</i>vector network analyzer provide various modes ofoperation. Both probeheads are equipped with two-circlegoniometers to ensure accurate study of magneticanisotropy.</p><p>The spectrometer was used to make express-analysis ofquality thus to optimize processing parameters of epitaxialiron garnet films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD).Comprehensive study of uniaxial and cubic magnetocrystallineanisotropy has been performed for Ce:Y₃Fe₅O₁₂bulk crystal as well as for Y₃Fe₅O₁₂and Bi₃Fe₅O₁₂films grown on different substrates by PLD andreactive ion beam sputtering techniques. BroadbandFMR-spectroscopy revealed difference in spectra of domain wallresonances: instead of“soft”spin modes in filmsgrown by liquid phase epitaxy, PLD-made films show“diffuse”transformation of domains near thesaturation field. This effect indicates non-uniformity ofsaturation magnetization and field of uniaxial anisotropy inPLD-iron garnets. Spin wave resonances in comparison withuniform FMR have been studied to evaluate“localquality”of ferromagnetic films. The resonance field andFMR linewidth behavior were studied at various crystallographicdirections determined by X-ray diffraction.</p><p>FMR was used to choose PLD-made YIG films with low losses atmicrowave frequencies and to build magnetostatic surface wavesmicrowave bandpass filter. The filter was designed as a planarfilm structure with a microstrip line for transducers. It is afirst demonstration of feasibility to introduce PLD processingtechnique to magnetostatic wave technology.</p><p>Magneto-optical study of Ce:Y₃Fe₅O₁₂single crystal complements results ofFMR-spectroscopy of new garnets.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>ferrites, thin films, ferromagnetic resonance,microwaves, FMR spectrometer, magnetic anisotropy,magnetostatic waves.</p>

This thesis reports our study of the effect of domain wall pinning by ferromagnetic (FM) metamaterials [1] in the form of periodic antidot lattices (ADL) on spin wave spectra in the reversible regime. This study was then extended to artificial quasicrystals in the form of Penrose P2 tilings (P2T). Our DC magnetization study of these metamaterials showed reproducible and temperature dependent knee anomalies in the hysteretic regime that are due to the isolated switching of the FM segments. Our dumbbell model analysis [2] of simulated magnetization maps indicates that FM switching in P2T is nonstochastic. We have also acquired the first direct, two-dimensional images of the magnetization of Permalloy films patterned into P2T using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). Our SEMPA images demonstrate P2T behave as geometrically frustrated networks of narrow ferromagnetic film segments having near-uniform, bipolar (Ising-like) magnetization, similar to artificial spin ices (ASI). We find the unique aperiodic translational symmetry and diverse vertex coordination of multiply-connected P2T induce a more complex spin-ice behavior driven by exchange interactions in vertex domain walls, which differs markedly from the behavior of disconnected ASI governed only by dipolar interactions.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Physics, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38).