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Showing 131 to 140 of 144 (0.046 seconds)| 131 |
Impacto da psicoterapia sobre a escolha dos parceiros sexuais de parafílicos em tratamento medicamentoso / Impact of psychotherapy on the choice of sexual partners by patients with paraphilia on drug treatmentWaldemar Mendes de Oliveira Junior 10 June 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com diagnóstico de parafilias e de transtornos relacionados às parafilias ocupam a atenção pública e clínica por se tratarem de indivíduos potencialmente inconvenientes, causadores de problemas à sociedade e a si próprios. Caracteristicamente, apresentam padrões invulgares de comportamento sexual e distinguem-se pela escolha de parcerias ou de contextos sexuais incomuns. JUSTIFICATIVA: O tratamento atual leva em consideração comportamentos, fantasias e necessidades sexuais parafílicas e procura modificá-los por meio de psicoterapia cognitivocomportamental, medicação antidepressiva e antiandrogênica. Apenas a supressão destes comportamentos tem se mostrado insatisfatória e ainda apresenta altas taxas de reincidência. Não há resultados publicados sobre a efetividade de um novo tratamento psicoterapêutico, cujo foco esteja voltado para a identificação e a reestruturação da identidade sexual e cujo principal objetivo seja o de promover maior contato destes pacientes com parcerias sexuais convencionais. MÉTODO: A intervenção foi testada por meio de ensaio clínico de tratamento, randomizado, placebo controlado e unicego, realizado com dois grupos paralelos: experimental (N=6) e controle (N=8). Todos os pacientes apresentavam diagnóstico de parafilias e foram medicados com inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina. As intervenções psicoterapêuticas duraram dezesseis semanas com frequência de uma sessão por semana. As mudanças comportamentais foram monitoradas por meio de um diário e as comorbidades psiquiátricas, a qualidade de vida e a adequação social foram avaliadas por meio de escalas psicométricas, nos três períodos do estudo: início, término e seguimento pósintervenção. RESULTADOS: Não houve melhora estatisticamente significante dos escores de depressão, qualidade de vida e adequação social para ambos os grupos. O grupo experimental apresentou tendência de melhor resposta para depressão ao se tomar esta variável de forma categorial. Ambos os grupos apresentaram: maior incapacidade de adequação social (comparados a populações não clínicas); tendência de aumento do estado de ansiedade; melhora clínica global e redução dos índices de gravidade das parafilias. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos. Para o grupo experimental: aumento de fantasias e masturbações normofílicas; maior procura por contatos eróticos normofílicos e diminuição de fantasias parafílicas. Porém, houve diminuição de contatos íntimos normofílicos (beijos, abraços e carícias) para este grupo. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes intragrupos. Para o grupo experimental: redução de contatos íntimos parafílicos e totais (parafílicos e normofílicos). Para o grupo placebo: aumento de relações sexuais parafílicas e da totalidade das fantasias sexuais (parafílicas e normofílicas). CONCLUSÕES: Os defechos favoráveis observados no grupo de intervenção evidenciaram a importância em se identificar e trabalhar psicoterapeuticamente o impedimento que os parafílicos apresentam de se relacionar com parcerias sexuais normofílicas, uma vez que para o grupo experimental as mudanças positivas observadas no comportamento, fantasias e necessidades sexuais caminharam em direção a padrões convencionais / INTRODUCTION: Patients diagnosed with paraphilia and paraphilia-related disorders have public and medical attention drawn to them because they are potentially disturbing individuals who cause problems to society and to themselves. Typically, they show unusual patterns of sexual behavior and make unusual choices related to sexual partners or sexual contexts. RATIONALE: Current treatment considers paraphilic behaviors, fantasies, and urges, trying to change these symptoms using cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, antidepressants, and anti-androgen medication. The elimination of these behaviors has proved unsatisfactory and still has high recurrence rates. We could not find in the literature any studies on the effectiveness of a new psychotherapeutic treatment focused on identifying and restructuring the patients\' sexual identity to allow for the promotion of contact between these patients and conventional sexual partners. METHOD: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind clinical trial with two groups: experimental (N = 6) and control (N = 8). All patients were diagnosed with paraphilia and were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The psychotherapeutic interventions lasted sixteen weeks, and its frequency was one session a week. Behavioral changes were monitored using a diary, whereas psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and social adequacy were assessed using psychometric scales in the three study periods: baseline, end, and post-intervention follow-up. RESULTS: There was no significant improvement of depression, quality of life, and social adequacy scores for both groups. The experimental group showed a trend toward better response to depression when we considered this as categorical variable. Both groups showed higher inability of social adequacy (when compared with non-clinical populations); tendency of increased state of anxiety; improvement of overall clinical status, and reduced levels of paraphilia severity. There were statistically significant differences between the groups. The experimental group showed increased frequency of normophilic fantasies and masturbation; increased demand for normophilic erotic contact, and decreased paraphilic fantasies. However, there was a decrease in normophilic intimate contact (kisses, hugs, and caresses) in this group. There were statistically significant intragroup differences. The experimental group had reduced paraphilic and total (paraphilic and normophilic) intimate contact. The placebo group had increased paraphilic sexual intercourse and higher frequency of sexual fantasies (paraphilic and normophilic). CONCLUSIONS: The positive outcomes found in the intervention group showed the importance of psychotherapy in identifying and treating the paraphilic patients\' impediments that prevent them from having relationships with normophilic sexual partners. This was reinforced by the finding that the experimental group showed positive changes in terms of sexual behaviors, fantasies, and urges, which were closer to conventional standards
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Dance and the colonial body : re-choreographing postcolonial theories of the bodyBelghiti, Rachid 09 1900 (has links)
Cette dissertation traite la danse comme une catégorie d’analyse permettant de réorienter ou de ré-chorégraphier les théories postcoloniales du corps. Mon étude montre qu’ Edward Said, par exemple, décrit la danse seulement à travers le regard impérial, et que Homi Bhabha et Gayatri Spivak négligent complètement le rôle de la dance dans la construction de la subjectivité postcoloniale. Mon étude explique que Stavros Karayanni récemment explore la danse masculine et féminine comme espaces de résistance contre la domination coloniale. Toutefois, l’analyse de Karayanni met l’accent seulement sur le caractère insaisissable de la danse qui produit une ambigüité et une ambivalence dans le regard du sujet impériale.
Contrairement aux approches de Said et de Karayanni, ma dissertation explore la danse comme un espace ou le corps du sujet colonisé chorégraphie son histoire collective que l’amnésie coloniale ne cesse de défigurer au moyen de l’acculturation et de marchandisation. Je soutiens que la danse nous offre la possibilité de concevoir le corps colonisé non seulement dans son ambiguïté, comme le souligne Karayanni, mais aussi dans son potentiel de raconter corporellement sa mémoire collective de l’intérieur de la domination impériale. Ma dissertation soutient que les catégories de l’ambiguïté et de l’insaisissabilité mystifient et fétichisent le corps dansant en le décrivant comme un élément évasif et évanescent.
Ma dissertation inclut plusieurs traditions culturelles de manière à réorienter la recherche ethnographique qui décrit la dance comme articulation codée par une culture postcoloniale spécifique. Mon étude montre comment le corps colonisé produit un savoir culturel à partir de sa différence. Cette forme de savoir corporelle présente le corps colonisé en tant que sujet et non seulement objet du désir colonial.
Méthodologiquement, cette dissertation rassemble des théories occidentales et autochtones de la danse. Mon étude considère aussi les théories postcoloniales du corps dansant à partir des perspectives hétérosexuelles et homosexuelles. En outre, mon étude examine les manières dont les quelles les théories contemporaines de la danse, postulées par Susan Foster et André Lepecki par exemple, peuvent être pertinentes dans le contexte postcolonial. Mon étude explore également le potentiel politique de l’érotique dans la danse à travers des représentations textuelles et cinématographiques du corps.
L’introduction de ma dissertation a trois objectifs. Premièrement, elle offre un aperçu sur les théories postcoloniales du corps. Deuxièmement, elle explique les manières dans lesquelles on peut appliquer des philosophies contemporaines de la danse dans le contexte postcoloniale. Troisièmement, l’introduction analyse le rôle de la dance dans les œuvres des écrivains postcoloniales célèbres tels que Frantz Fanon, Wole Soyinka, Arundhati Roy, et Wilson Harris. Le Chapitre un remet en question les théories de l’ambiguïté et de l’insaisissabilité de la danse à partir de la théorie de l’érotique postulé par Audre Lorde. Ce chapitre examine le concept de l’érotique dans le film Dunia de Jocelyne Saab. Le Chapitre deux ouvre un dialogue entre les théories occidentales et autochtones de la danse à partir d’une étude d’un roman de Tomson Highway. Le Chapitre trois examine comment l’écrivain Trinidadien Earl Lovelace utilise la danse de carnaval comme espace culturel qui reflète l’homogénéité raciale et l’idéologie nationaliste à Trinidad et en les remettant également en question. / Classical texts of postcolonial theory rarely address the embodied expression of dance as they examine the colonial body only through the imperial discourses about the Orient (Said), the construction of the Subaltern subject (Spivak), and the ambivalent desire of the colonial gaze (Bhabha). The Cyprian theorist and dancer Stavros Stavrou Karayanni has emphasised the centrality of dance as a key category of analysis through which discourses of resistance can be articulated from the perspective of the colonial heterosexual and queer body. However, Karayanni adopts the psychoanalytic method according to which the dancing body of the colonised subject has an ambivalent effect upon the Western traveller and / or coloniser who both desires and derides this body.
In contrast to this approach, my study examines dance as a space in which the colonial body choreographs its collective history which colonial amnesia suppresses so as to de-historicise colonised subjects and disfigure their cultures. Departing from Frantz Fanon’s emphasis on the relevance of dance in colonial studies, I argue that the colonial body choreographs its collective memories in dance and prompts us to rethink hegemonic discourses of postcolonial identity formation that revolve around ambivalence and elusiveness. I borrow the notion of “choreographing history” from the Western contemporary discipline of dance studies which has integrated cultural studies since mid 1980s and influenced postcolonial inquiry of dance over the last decade.
I include various cultural traditions in my project so as to re-direct today’s predominantly ethnographic research which describes dance as an encoded articulation of culture in specific postcolonial societies. I also include different cultural traditions to show that while choreographing silenced memories in various historical experiences of colonial violence, the dancing body allows us to construct discourses of resistance in ways that postcolonial theory has not addressed before. The re-choreography of postcolonial theories of the body, as developed in this dissertation, articulates an ethical imperative because it shows how the subaltern body not only choreographs memories that colonial amnesia silences but also produces cultural knowledge with a difference.
Methodologically, this study brings together Western and indigenous theories of dance as well as postcolonial theories of the dancing body from both heterosexual and queer perspectives. My study discusses Susan Foster and André Lepecki’s contemporary theories of dance and the body in the context of postcolonial theories of Oriental dance and eroticism. It also examines the socially and politically transformative potential of the erotic in dance through textual and cinematic representations of the body. My study equally opens a dialogue between Western and indigenous theories of dance in the context of Canadian indigenous literary work of Tomson Highway. A critical examination of Trinidad Carnival and Calypso in a novel by Earl Lovelace demonstrates that dance is a central paradigm of analysis for a postcolonial critique of the body and the categories of identity that inscribe it.
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O papel do fetichismo na produção da consciência humana: materialidade e idealidade em Karl MarxCavalcante, Vítor Valente 30 August 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / This study sought to reconstruct the elements left by Marx that assist in building a fetish
theory reviewing the place of this concept in the thought of the author in question. The hypothesis
that guides research is that there is no way to understand the theories of Marx without
understanding its epicurean ontology, from the clues left in his professorial thesis, or, more
broadly, in the period 1835-1841 . Thus, during the research it was necessary to establish an
overview of the ontological foundations of Marx's thought and place of fetishism, in addition to the
stroke path, analyzing the evolution of the concept of fetishism in the light of wider horizon of his
thought, weaving a summary of the most relevant passages considered in the path taken by this
influential advocate of socialism around the theme. Therefore, we established a dialogue with some
theoretical fetish theory of the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century,
which, in most cases, or interpret Marx's thought as concrete itself and the laws of history which
inevitably led to the victory of the proletariat, or identify their theory of value with the fetishism
and reduce the ideology of the hegemony of exchange value and colonial prejudice of nineteenthcentury
anthropology, advocating a purely rhetorical use of the concept in Marx. Finally, there are
several key issues guided by today in order to establish some guidelines that helped to think the
centrality of consciousness industry in the production of human life, insignia of the present day,
when the production became immaterial and established a global system of fetishism in the
struggle for consciousness, the arena in which it locks the clash between the main worldviews. / O presente trabalho buscou reconstituir os elementos deixados por Marx que auxiliam na
construção de uma teoria do fetiche que revê o lugar deste conceito no pensamento do autor em
questão. A hipótese que guia a pesquisa é a de que não há como compreender as teorias de Marx
sem compreender sua ontologia epicurista, a partir das pistas deixadas em sua tese de docência, ou,
de modo mais abrangente, no período que vai de 1835 a 1841. Dessa forma, no decorrer da
pesquisa, foi necessário estabelecer uma visão panorâmica das bases ontológicas do pensamento de
Marx e do lugar do fetichismo, além do caminho traçado, analisando a evolução do conceito de
fetichismo à luz do horizonte mais amplo de seu pensamento, tecendo uma síntese das passagens
consideradas mais relevantes no caminho percorrido por este influente defensor do socialismo em
torno do tema. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se um diálogo com alguns teóricos da teoria do fetiche da
segunda metade do século XX e do início do século XXI, que, na maioria dos casos, ou interpretam
o pensamento de Marx como o concreto mesmo e as leis da história que levaram inevitavelmente à
vitória do proletariado, ou identificam sua teoria do valor com a do fetichismo e as reduzem à
ideologia da hegemonia do valor de troca e ao preconceito colonial da Antropologia do século
XIX, defendendo um uso meramente retórico do conceito em Marx. Por fim, verificou-se várias
questões cruciais pautadas pela atualidade, no intuito de estabelecer algumas diretrizes que
auxiliaram a pensar a centralidade da indústria da consciência na produção da vida humana,
insígnia dos dias atuais, quando a produção se tornou imaterial e se instaurou um sistema global de
fetichismo na luta pela consciência, arena na qual se trava o embate entre as principais visões de
mundo.
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Dostoiévski e a dialética: fetichismo da forma, utopia como conteúdo / Dostoevsky and dialectics: fetishism of form, utopia ascontentFlávio Ricardo Vassoler 11 December 2015 (has links)
Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise e interpretação do sentido histórico, estético, político e literário das tensões dialéticas expostas na obra do escritor russo Fiodor Dostoiévski. Na primeira parte (tese), Dostoiévski e o fetichismo da forma mercadoria, a análise da obra de Dostoiévski nos leva às tensões e às afinidades eletivas que enredam duas vertentes: a polifonia proposta pelo crítico russo Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), em Problemas da Poética de Dostoiévski (1929/1963), e a dialética materialista, sobretudo a partir da Teoria Estética (1968), do autor frankfurtiano Theodor Adorno (1903-1969). Trata-se de totalizar as aporias do concerto polifônico, de modo que, dialeticamente, o transcurso analítico desvele a mimese imanente da forma mercadoria como o sentido histórico-tautológico da forma dostoievskiana, sobretudo a partir de Memórias do Subsolo (1864). Na segunda parte (antítese), O conteúdo em Dostoiévski como a cicatrização do espírito rumo à utopia?, procuramos estruturar a filosofia da história que transpassa a obra do escritor russo. Os diálogos dostoievskianos envolvendo socialismo e cristianismo nos fazem correlacionar as discussões estabelecidas nesse sentido em Recordações da Casa dos Mortos (1862), Notas de Inverno sobre Impressões de Verão (1863), Memórias do Subsolo (1864), Crime e Castigo (1866), O Idiota (1869), Os Demônios (1872) e, fundamentalmente, em dois capítulos de Os Irmãos Karamázov (1879): A Revolta e O Grande Inquisidor. Ao fim e ao cabo e como um prenúncio de superação (Aufhebung) o conteúdo dostoievskiano da história como o movimento dialético rumo à utopia nos faz colocar em diálogo o conto O sonho de um homem ridículo (1877) com o conceito de cicatrização do espírito, que o filósofo alemão Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770- 1831) desenvolve em sua Filosofia da História (1837). / The aim of this dissertation is to analyse and interpret the historical, aesthetic, political and literary meaning of the dialectical tensions exposed in the work of the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. On the first part (thesis), Dostoevsky and the Fetishism of Commodity Form, the analysis of Dostoevskys work takes us to both tensions and elective affinities which intertwine two perspectives: polyphony, as it is proposed by the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), in Problems of Dostoevskys Poetics (1929/1963), and materialist dialectics, mainly from the Aesthetic Theory (1968), by the German author Theodor Adorno (1903-1969). The aim is to totalize the polyphonic concerts aporias, so that the analysis dialectically unveils the immanent mimesis of commodity form as the historical and tautological meaning of Dostoevskys form, mainly from Notes from Underground (1864). On the second part (antithesis), Dostoevskys Content as the Healing of the Spirit towards Utopia?, we try to structure the philosophy of history which is established through the authors work. Dostoevskys dialogues which intertwine socialism and Christianity make us correlate the discussions which are established in Memoirs from the House of the Dead (1862), Winter Notes on Summer Impressions (1863), Notes from Underground (1864), Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), The Devils (1872) and, essentially, in two chapters of The Brothers Karamazov (1879): The Revolt and The Grand Inquisitor. Finally and as a harbinger of an overcoming (Aufhebung) Dostoevskys content of history as a dialectical movement towards utopia makes us put into dialogue the short story The dream of a ridiculous man (1877) with the concept of healing of the spirit, which the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) develops in his Philosophy of History (1837).
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Att vara eller inte vara : En kritisk kvalitativ studie om betydelsen av sociala medier för identiteten / To be or not to be : A critical study about the meaning of social media for the identityAndreasson, Svante, Roka, Gentiana January 2020 (has links)
This thesis is a critical study which seeks to challenge the ordinary perspective of social media and the consequences on the subject’s identity. In doing so the study applies critical theory which allows for a deeper understanding of the subject’s comprehension of social media and has the potential to unveil underlying oppression which serves an emancipatory capacity for the everyday user. Members of social media experience the platform as a necessity in order to exist and participate in society. If you don’t have a digital identity you don’t have an identity at all in worst cases. To confront this compulsion the study takes the perspective of Bauman’s subjectivity fetishism, Goffman’s theories of regional behavior and Scheff’s theory of the deference-emotion system. Social media platforms exist within the capitalist framework which needs to extract value in order to survive. In consumer society feelings of pride threatens its survival which makes the domination of shame among members of such society essential. Idealization of the elite legitimate one’s shame and suppress the capacity to identify oppressive structures and false consciousness among citizens. The study seeks to shed light in which way our society might evolve into if its members fail to recognize what dominates them.
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Kunskapsproduktion kring fetischism : Att förhålla sig till sakorienterad sexualitetNilsson-Jatko, David January 2023 (has links)
Detta projekt söker efter vägledande principer för en kunskapsproduktion kring fetischistisk sexualitet. Detta har utförts genom diskursanalytiska och genealogiska studier av hur fetischism konstrueras i olika sociokulturella sammanhang. Analysen indikerar att fetischistisk sexualitet existerar i en marginaliserad position i ett maktrelationellt landskap, där yttre grupper har olika incitament till att återge fetischism på bristfälliga, sexualiserande och andrafierande sätt. Detta medför olika problem vad gäller kunskapsproduktionen kring fetischistisk sexualitet och kan antas bidra till upprätthållandet av nuvarande sexualnormer. För att minimera dessa kunskapsproduktionsproblem föreslås åtta vägledande principer: En ansvarstagande kunskapsproduktion som utgår från subjektet; medvetenhet om stereotyper och om patologins kvardröjande ok; användande av icke-andrafierande terminologi; medvetenhet om könsorienteringsnormen; medvetenhet om politiserade begrepp; undvikande av låsning i subkulturell identitetspolitik; en förståelse för den abjektas möjligheter att tala; samt bruk av intrasektionell analys. Dessa principer kan förstås bidra till ett tillgängliggörande av forskningsfältet kring fetischism samt bidra till en allmän förståelse för sexualitet bortom kön. / This project aims to find guiding principles for a knowledge production around fetishism. This has been conducted through discourse analysis and genealogical studies of the construction of fetishism in central contexts. The analysis indicates that fetishism is marginalised in a weave of power relations, where external interests have incitaments to vilify, sexualise and otherise fetishistic sexuality. This is understood to potentially cause various problems when it comes to knowledge production around fetishism. In order to minimise these problems, eight guiding principles are suggested: A knowledge production based in the subject; awareness of lingering pathological notions and stereotypes; usage of non-othering terminology; awareness of the sex/gender orientation norm; awareness of politicised definitions; awareness of subcultural identity politics; an understanding of the abject's ability to speak; and usage of intra-sectional analysis.
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The Uncanny and the Postcolonial in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earthBrown Fuller, Molly 01 January 2013 (has links)
Concluding on this note, the thesis argues that reading The Lord of the Rings in this way renders postcolonial concepts accessible to a whole generation of readers already familiar with the series, and points to the possibility of examining other contemporary texts, or even further analysis of Tolkien's to reveal more postcolonial sensitivities engendered in the texts.; This thesis examines J.R.R. Tolkien's texts The Hobbit, The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King from a postcolonial literary perspective. By examining how these texts, written at the decline of the British Empire, engage with the theoretical polemics of imperialism, this thesis takes a new look at these popular and widely regarded books from a stance of serious academic interest. The first chapter examines how certain characters, who are Othered temporally in the realm of Middle-earth, manage to find a place of narrative centrality from the defamiliarized view of Merry, Pippin, Samwise, and Frodo, uncannily reoccurring throughout the narrative in increasingly disturbing manifestations. From there, the thesis moves on to uncanny places, examining in detail Mirkwood, Moria, Dunharrow, and the Shire at the end of The Return of the King. Each of these locations in Middle-earth helps Tolkien to explore the relationship between colonizer, colonized, and fetishism; the colonizer(s) disavow their own fears of these places by fetishizing the pathways they colonize for their safe passage. Since their paths are unsustainable colonially, these fetishes cannot fulfill their function, as the places are marked with unavoidable reminders of wildness and uncontrollability which cannot successfully be repressed for long. Ending this chapter with a discussion of the hobbit's return to the Shire, the argument moves into the next chapter that discusses the small-scale colonization that takes place in the heart of Frodo himself, making the Shire he used to know firmly unavailable to him. The Ring, in this case, is the colonizer, doubling, fracturing, and displacing Frodo's selfhood so that he becomes unfamiliar to himself. The uncanniness that this produces and Frodo's inability to heal from his experience with the Ring, this thesis argues, echoes the postcolonial themes of irreconcilability and the fantasy of origin.
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Fetischism, läggning och lag : En kvantitativ analys av en sexuell minoritets relation till lagstadgad läggning / Fetishism, sexual orientation and law : A quantitative analysis of a sexual minority's relation to legally established sexualityNilsson-Jatko, David January 2020 (has links)
Fetischister är en sexuell minoritet vars sexualitet karaktäriseras av en inriktning mot någon sak, något annat än kön. Svensk lagstiftning kommunicerar en normerande bild av att endast sexualiteter riktade mot kön kan vara grundläggande och utgöra en persons sexuella läggning, övriga tillskrivs att vara sexuella beteenden med svaga konstitutiva kopplingar. I detta projekt undersöks något som inte undersökts kvantitativt tidigare; huruvida fetischisters egna upplevelser stämmer med lagstiftningens antaganden om gruppen. Eftersom lagstiftning är värderings- och tankenormerande och ytterst reglerar hur vi organiserar samhället är det högst angeläget att ta reda på hur det förhåller sig. Fetischisters upplevelser har fångats i en kvantitativ undersökning med 2028 respondenter. Resultaten av undersökningen har jämförts med fyra antaganden om fetischister som lagstiftningens förarbeten utgår från. Analysen pekar mot att: Fetischism kan vara såväl sexuellt som ickesexuellt och något som kan röra tankar, känslor och beteenden på ett konsistent sätt över tid. Att som lagstiftningen porträttera fetischism som ett strikt sexuellt beteende som ställs i kontrast till något personlighetsanstruket framstår därmed som otillräckligt. Denna undersökning synliggör att det finns en fetischistisk orientering, en fetischistisk sexuell preferens. Förarbetenas utgångspunkt att enbart könsinriktade sexualiteter har att göra med sexuell preferens är därmed en förenkling som framstår som felaktig. Undersökningen har visat att fetischism kan vara något grundläggande, stabilt, ej frivilligt valt och uppkommet i tidig ålder. Därmed stämmer inte förarbetenas antagande att dessa egenskaper är unika för sexualiteter riktade mot kön. Fetischistisk sexualitet har potential att vara en individs sexuella läggning då sexualiteten kan genomsyra sexuell praktik, identitet och preferens på ovan nämnda sätt. Därmed stämmer inte lagstiftningens bild av att enbart sexualiteter riktade mot kön kan vara sexuella läggningar. Den sammantagna analysen visar att fetischisters upplevelser inte stämmer med de antaganden om gruppen som lagstiftningen baseras på. Fetischism kan ligga till grund för flera olika situationer; både något som för en person kan utgöra ett svagare sexuellt intresse likväl som något som för en annan person kan vara grundläggande, såsom dennes sexuella läggning. Lagstiftningen återspeglar inte detta. / Fetishism refers to sexuality focused on a specific thing; an object, a body part or, in some cases, a more abstract phenomenon. Swedish law states that only sexualities focused on sex/gender can be considered fundamental to a person – in Sweden referred to as a person’s ”sexual disposition” or ”läggning”; roughly equivalent to ”primary sexual orientation”. Sexualities focused on anything other than sex/gender are considered sexual behaviours with weak constitutive connections. This research project examines quantitatively how the self-percieved experiences of fetishists compares to the assumptions about the group made in Swedish law texts. Data focused on the experiences of 2028 fetishists has been collected through an Internet survey 2019 – 2020, specifically targeting persons with a fetishistic sexuality in a sexological sense. The respondents identified as 74.7% men, 19.3% women and 6.0% other gender, with an average age of 41.4 years. The results from the survey indicates: Fetishism can have sexual as well as non-sexual aspects. Fetishism can influence thoughts, emotions and behaviours in an individual consistently over a very long period of time. The law’s depiction of fetishism as a strictly sexual behaviour that is discursively portrayed in contrast to personality appears to be inadequate. The results highlights a fetishistic sexual preference. The law’s assumption that only sex/gender focused sexualities can be relevant for a persons sexual preference or orientation consequently appears to be misleading. The results shows that fetishism can be constitutive to a persons sexuality: It can be a profound and enduring sexual pattern, not voluntarily chosen and emerging in early age. Consequently, the law’s assumptions that those properties are unique for sex/gender focused sexualities appears to be inaccurate. Fetishism has the potential to be an individual’s sexual disposition (primary sexual orientation), as it can characterize an individual’s sexual practice, identity and preference in a constitutive way. Consequently, the law’s definition of sexual disposition (primary sexual orientation) as only being relevant to sexualities focused on sex/gender appears to be false. The research indicates that the Swedish law’s assumption about fetishism does not correspond with the self-perception of fetishists themselves. The result suggests that fetishism is a heterogenous sexuality, which for some fetishists can consist of a less constitutive sexual interest, while it in others can be a more fundamental sexual disposition (primary sexual orientation).
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Sexualitet bortom kön : Fetischism som synliggörare av könsorienteringsnormenNilsson-Jatko, David January 2021 (has links)
Syftet med detta projekt är att granska nutida sexualitetsnormer. För att genomföra detta undersöks hur rådande föreställningar om sexualitet framstår i skenet av en referenspunkt utanför dagens hegemoni. Som sådan perspektivgivare tas sexualiteten fetischism, betraktad utifrån ickepatologiserande kunskapsideal. Budskap från statsmakt och upplysande aktörer granskas diskursanalytiskt och genealogiskt. Analysen indikerar att dagens situation är ett resultat av en politiserad kamp om begrepp och tolkningsföreträden som ägt rum under de senaste decennierna; i förarbeten som ligger till grund för lagstiftning i ämnet verkar selektiva och partiska metoder ha använts. Dagens läge kan sägas kännetecknas av en kulturdominans där statsmaktens föreställning om sexualitet kväser alternativ; en sanningsregim. Analysen pekar på en nutida könsorienteringsnorm: I dagens hegemoni konstrueras könsorientering som den allmänmänskliga grunden för varandet – hur en person är sexuellt lagd antas endast kunna ha att göra med hur hen relaterar sexuellt till kön. Sexualiteter som kännetecknas av annat än könsbegär andrafieras och konstrueras som labila och icke-konstitutiva praktiker; personer som är lagda på sätt som kännetecknas av annat än könsbegär orimliggörs. Med en avtagande föreställning om att alla förväntas vara strikt heterosexuella kan könsorienteringsnormen ses som en nutida ersättande norm. Den kan förstås som en fundamental del av heteronormen och dess idealiserade starka kopplingar mellan sexualitet och kropp/kön. Det förefaller relevant att tala om en hittills förbisedd intrasektionell makt- och marginaliseringsdimension som kännetecknas av könsorienteringsnormativiteten. / The aim of this project is to critically examine contemporary sexuality norms. This is conducted by examining how current assumptions about sexuality holds up when put into perspective given by a point of reference outside of the current hegemony: fetishism. Definitions and information from Swedish legislators, educational actors, sexual health clinics and minority rights organisations are subjected to a genealogical and critical discourse analysis. The results indicate the presence of a contemporary sex orientation norm: In the present hegemony, sex orientation in general is constructed as part of the natural and universal way to be human while other sexualities are otherized and constructed as non-constitutive practices. With a waning expectation of all-encompassing heterosexuality, the sex orientation norm appears to be a present-day effectual norm. It can be understood as an integral part of heteronormativity. The analysis also points to a previously overlooked intrasectional dimension of analysis, corresponding to the sex orientation norm.
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Travelling objects : modernity and materiality in British Colonial travel literature about AfricaHållen, Nicklas January 2011 (has links)
This study examines the functions of objects in a selection of British colonial travel accounts about Africa. The works discussed were published between 1863 and 1908 and include travelogues by John Hanning Speke, Verney Lovett Cameron, Henry Morton Stanley, Mary Henrietta Kingsley, Ewart Scott Grogan, Mary Hall and Constance Larymore. The author argues that objects are deeply involved in the construction of pre-modern and modern spheres that the travelling subject moves between. The objects in the travel accounts are studied in relation to a contextual background of Victorian commodity and object culture, epitomised by the 1851 Great Exhibition and the birth of the modern anthropological museum. The four analysis chapters investigate the roles of objects in ethnographical and geographical writing, in ideological discussions about the transformative powers of colonial trade, and in narratives about the arrival of the book in the colonial periphery. As the analysis shows, however, objects tend not to behave as they are expected to do. Instead of marking temporal differences, descriptions of objects are typically unstable and riddled with contradictions and foreground the ambivalence that characterises colonial literature.
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