Non-isothermal crystallization of the PET/PTT copolyesters was studied at five different cooling rates over 1-20oC/min by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both the Ozawa equation and the modified Avrami equation have been used to analyze the crystallization kinetics. The non-isothermal kinetics of most copolymers cannot be described by the Ozawa analysis, except the copolyester with a composition of 66.3% trimethylene- (TT) and 33.7 %ethylene- terephthalates (ET). It may be due to the inaccuracy of the Ozawa assumptions, such as the secondary crystallization is neglected. From the kinetic analysis using the modified Avrami equation, the Avrami exponents, n, were found to be in the range of 2.43-4.67 that are dependent on the composition of the copolyesters. The results indicated that the primary crystallization of the PET/PTT copolymers followed a heterogeneous nucleation and a spherulitic growth mechanism during the non-isothermal crystallization. In the cases of the copolyesters with either TT or ET less than 10%, we found the molten temperature is a key factor to decide whether the Ozawa equation can be succeeded in analyzing the dynamic crystallization. For the non-isothermal crystallization, a single exothermic peak was detected in each DSC curve regardless of the composition and the cooling rate. It indicated that a single-mode distribution of the crystallite sizes was formed during the cooling process. After the non-isothermal crystallization, the melting behavior of the specimens was monitored by temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) in the conventional mode and the modulated mode. Multiple endothermic peaks were observed in both modes. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of these copolymers showed that the peak height became sharper and sharper as the crystallization temperature increased, but the position of the diffraction peaks did not change apparently. It indicated that the multiple melting behaviors did not originate from the melting of the crystals with different structures. The melting behavior of these PET/PTT copolyesters can be explained logically by using the melt-recrystallization model. From the reversing and non-reversing signals of TMDSC, the melting-recrystallization-remelting phenomena were further verified. In addition, a small endothermic peak was found at the highest melting temperature in the reversing thermogram for TT-enriched copolyesters. It is reasonably to believe that this endotherm is attributed to the melting of the crystals that are formed in regime I during the heating scan. The cocrystallization of the PET/PTT copolyesters was studied using DSC and WAXD. A clear endothermic peak in the DSC thermogram was detected over the entire range of copolymer composition. A minimum melting temperature was found for the copolyester with 50% ET. The WAXD patterns of these copolymers can be divided into two groups with sharp diffraction peaks, i.e., PET type and PTT type crystals. The transition of crystal structure between PET type and PTT type occurred around the eutectic composition (50 % ET and TT), determined from the variation of the melting temperature with the composition. In addition, the fiber diagram and the WAXD pattern of the copolyester with the eutectic composition showed a different crystalline structure. These results indicated that the cocrystallization behavior of the PET/PTT copolyesters was isodimorphic.

The diploma thesis describes the elaboration of a program for the simulation of an optical transmission path. The work introduces the basic parameters of optical transmission, such as attenuation, dispersion and bandwidth. Furthermore, the techniques of line code and error detection are described in the work, especially a cyclic redundancy sum. The key parameter of this thesis is dispersion of the optical signal. The work includes the characteristics of the eye diagram and its analysis. The resulting program can also be used to measure the real transmission route and its parameters.