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Conventional Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric (EFPI) sensors have been used to measure a variety of physical parameters like temperature, pressure and strain. A modified version of this geometry is successfully implemented to measure low-level magnetic field densities. A complete optical fiber based magnetometer system consisting of sensor head, laser source, opto-electronics, signal demodulation circuitry and display is designed, fabricated and tested. Various electronic signal demodulation schemes are discussed. The Quadrature Phase Shifted EFPI signal demodulation scheme, used in the system, is studied in detail. The scheme is designed and implemented in both analog and digital domain and the advantages and drawbacks of each type are presented. Primary limitations in the measurement of extremely low-level magnetic field densities are discussed and methods to overcome them using electronic signal processing schemes are suggested for future consideration. / Master of Science

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper briefly reviews past techniques for measuring FM deviation and discusses the limitations of past technology. Graphs of the Bessel functions are presented in terms of decibels (dB), offering a better method of measurement when used with a modern spectrum analyzer.

Le travail de recherche que nous présentons dans cette thèse concerne, tout d'abord, une étude expérimentale sur le processus de fissuration sous compression uniaxiale d'échantillons de roche ayant des entailles rectilignes inclinées. Ensuite, nous présentons une étude de l'évolution de la localisation des déformations vers la rupture dans des échantillons ayant une géométrie particulière à encoches arrondies ; cette géométrie (inspirée par les travaux de Meuwissen et al. (1998) sur les métaux) favorise la localisation de la déformation de cisaillement en compression uniaxiale avant l'apparition de fissures. Notre étude expérimentale a été réalisée sur deux matériaux différents: une roche naturelle d'origine volcanique (le Tuf de Naples) et une « roche » artificielle (le CPIR09). Nous utilisons dans cette thèse une combinaison de trois techniques de mesure de champs : (i) la corrélation d'images numériques (Digital Image Correlation, DIC) pour les mesures des champs cinématiques à la surface d'échantillons; (ii) l'enregistrement d'Emissions Acoustiques (EA) et la localisation des sources des EA, qui permettent de suivre l'endommagement dans un échantillon au cours du chargement; (iii) la tomographie à Rayons-X, avant et après chaque essai, afin de caractériser les défauts et les discontinuités préexistants dans le volume des éprouvettes et de mieux comprendre la fissuration dans le volume. / The research presented in this thesis concerns, firstly, an experimental study on the process of fracture in uniaxial compression of rock samples containing narrow, rectilinear notches inclined with respect to the axis of loading. Secondly, we study the evolution of shear strain localisation towards fracturing and failure in specimens of the same materials with a particular geometry, involving two rounded notches. This geometry, inspired by the work of Meuwissen et al. (1998) for tension tests on metals,promotes the localisation of shear strain in simple compression before fracture. Two different materials were studied: a natural rock of volcanic origin (Neapolitan Tuff) and an artificial “rock” (CPIR09).In the studies presented, three full-field measurement techniques have been employed in combination: (i) the Digital Image Correlation (DIC), for measurement of kinematic fields at a sample's surface; (ii)acoustic Emission measurements (AE) and AE source location, to follow the evolution of damage insamples during loading; (iii) X-ray tomography (pre-and post-mortem studies), to characterise preexisting defects and discontinuities in the specimens and to better understand the fracturing in 3D.

<p>Mobile Phone, without this we can’t think to pass a day in presence. We have found a rapid increase of mobile phone users from a few years ago till now. Day by day the modern technologies allow the mobile phone to become smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. This also creates new possibilities for applications and integrations of the classical broadcast systems and modern mobile phone technologies. One example is the FM transmitter in mobile phone. The FM transmitter in a mobile phone is a “cool” feature which allows listening to the music content in phone on a car or home radio.</p><p> </p><p>This thesis work deals with the near field characterization of FM transmitters in mobile phone applications. The RF scientists and engineers neglect the near field zone because typical RF links operate at distances of many wavelengths away where near field effects are totally insignificant. But in this work we are interested in the near field properties of the FM transmitter. We measured the field intensity at near field and estimated the field strength at the far field region at 3 meters. To measure the field intensity and the effective radiated power we used HR1 near field scanner. As this is a new measurement approach, we made the validation of this system by measuring a reference dipole antenna at 880MHz and then compare the measured results to the CST simulation results. A basic phone model of FM transmitter has been created by CST simulation and a prototype has been made which was also used as our DUT. After validation of the near field measurement system we measured our DUTs (3 models-one cable fed prototype and two active devices) with the near field system and estimate the effective radiated power and field intensity at 3 meter. Furthermore, we measured our DUTs at 3 meter with a far field measurement system with optical fiber connection. A feasible relation between field strength and measured power was defined in order to correlate the near field scanner results with the far field measurement system.</p><p> </p><p>This paper also provides a short design guide line for built in FM antennas by relating the antenna size and placement to input power and the field strength in mobile phone FM transmitter application</p>

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