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Ekonomický a historický vývoj Finska od 90. let 20. století. Přechod od agrární společnosti na společnost založenou na znalostech a inovacích. Vliv Nokie na hlavní ekonomické ukazatele Finska. Zkoumání podnikatelského prostředí ve Finsku pomocí tzv. PEST analýzy.

Finland became the "PISA-miracle" approximately 10 years ago. Different experts on education come to Finland to find out what stands behind this extraordinary success which attracted attention and sparked debate all over Europe, and that is also the main aim of this thesis. For understanding current situation we need to learn about a great impact of historical factors. In this thesis I therefore present the development of national educational system from the Middle ages until today. Finland used to be a poor agricultural country which developed very quickly into post-industrial consumer society and high-level knowledge society. It is the educational system, to which is the main impact on such process attributed. We can say that the history of Finnish national educational system is a story of removal of inequalities. This long process has its roots in eliminating of old parallel educational system and building the ‚new school' which is based on the idea that the education belongs to basic rights of all children and young people. The main objective of Finnish education policy is to offer all citizens equal opportunities to receive education, regardless of age, domicile, financial situation, sex or mother tongue. Education is considered to be one of the fundamental rights of all citizens. The...

Práce nejprve vymezuje oblast řešení konfliktů a operací na udržení míru a krizového managementu, a to prostřednictvím definic základních pojmů (bezpečnost, válka, mír, konflikt a peacekeeping), stručného pojetí oblasti ?řešení konfliktů?, jejich prevence a dále charakteristiky činností a role čtyř mezinárodních organizací (OSN, OBSE, EU a NATO) při zajišťování míru (včetně zmínky o přístupu Finska k těmto aktivitám). Dále následuje analýza finské bezpečnostní a zahraniční politiky a finských aktivit pro zajišťování míru pomocí oficiálních dokumentů finské vlády (příp. ministerstva zahraničí a obrany) a publikací finského Ústavu mezinárodních vztahů. Pozornost je věnována i činnostem Marttiho Ahtisaariho a severské spolupráci.

The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the development of Finnish economy in past few years especially in context of global financial and economic crisis. This work also examines the causes of remarkable uptorn in Finland's economic performance since 1990 and the longevity of such state. Attention is also paid to current main characteristics of Finnish economy in world context such as nordic social model, education system and research, development and innovations.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the identification of strong aspects of the tax system of selected Nordic countries and their potential application to the Czech Republic with a target of simplifying and streamlining the Czech tax system and tax collection in general. The theoretical part is concerned with the description of the tax systems of the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Cluster analysis classifies the EU Member States and EEA in individual clusters based on the criteria of tax revenue and transparency of the tax system. The resulting strong aspects of the Nordic tax systems are suggest for application to the Czech tax law.

Humanitarian aid can be defined as an aid and an action designed to save lives, alleviate suffering and maintain and protect human dignity during and in the aftermath of emergencies. The defining characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of foreign aid and development assistance includes so-called principles of humanitarian aid. Humanitarian policy of the EU, which includes effective programs, tools and mechanisms, is an important part of foreign relations. EU tries through financial or non-financial assistance to prevent human suffering or mitigate it. Finland has started its new humanitarian policy since the October 2012. This mentioned policy defines the key principles, objectives, programs and priorities of its humanitarian aid. In general The European Union and Finland are very active players among the international community in providing of humanitarian aid to countries that are currently in humanitarian crisis.

Diploma thesis attempts to apply an actualized concept of semi-presidential regime of Matthew Shugart on concrete cases of countries where the role of president has weakened over the course of last 30 years (Finland), and where the role of president has conversely grown up (Iceland). Theoretical part of the study presents the thoughts of the main actors of the semi-presidentialism debate and political-systems debate in general from the 1970s till current times. A special regard is being put forward on the conflict between legalist approach of system classifications according to written laws, and behavioralist approach of classifications through the degree of actually exercised power of individual political figures in real time. Practical part of the study follows a long-term evolution of a political system of the two selected Scandinavian republics, whose categorizations have been disputed in the academic literature. Hence a (non)utility of the semi-presidentialism theory is demonstrated exactly on the examples of Finland and Iceland. On the basis of such built-up frame, the author concludes the work by a hypothesis explaining a gradual rise or decline of power of the head of state according to internal and external political factors.

The diploma thesis aims to verify the validity of neorealism, institutional neoliberalism, and critical geopolitics about consequences of the economic globalization for the structure of Finnish and Swedish defence forces. For this purporse, the author primary used the method of congruence. The next step led to the comparison of congruence between observance implications and theories predictions. Based on the results of the Finnish defence forces, the theory of neorealism was confirmed because there is no significant shift in the scope/structure of defence forces in the favor of expeditionary/reconnaissance units. Moreover, there is no evidence to waive the balance of power reasoning even in the geopolitically-low-intesive region. Last but not least, it was shown that difference between the Finnish and Swedish geografic location is one of the key factor for its distinct approach towards potentional threats and instruments how to resolve them. Key words: economic globalization, security, defence forces, Finland, Sweden