現今的社會所面臨的是一個快速變遷和注重效率的時代。我國近年來更由於政治、經 濟、社會、文化等各方面的蓬勃發展，社會結構及環境爭劇變遷，傳統農業社會已逐 漸蛻變為現代工商社會，民眾對於政府服務的品質要求愈趨提高，分務人員生活品質 亦要求再加提升，其中行政機關工作時間( 辨公時間 )的設計，關係公務人員的生活 作息、政府的絕對運作、民眾接洽公務以及各行各業的營運，其間之關係密切而重要 ，因此行政機關對於工作時間之安排與設計日漸受到各方的關切與重視。 因此，我國政府對於行政機關工作時間的設計乃不遺余力，尤其是彈性工作時間制 ( Flexible Working Hours )的試行，此一組織發展(Organization Development OD ) 之干預技術(Intervention)，在別的國家創辨或試行時，效果頗佳，民眾稱便。一旦 搬到國內來，尤其是行政機關，卻往往不是窒礙難行，便是全然走樣，給人. 「橘逾 淮而變枳」的印象。其間之原因何在？是因行政生態環境不同呢？或是使用方法錯誤 ？或是對於此制之真正涵義并未了解而誤用？亦或是另有其他之問題？等等。為了了 解上述的問題，筆者乃以理論和實際并重的研究途徑，對此論題作深入的研究探討。 全文計分五章，凡二十節，共約十萬言。第一章緒論對研究問題、目的、方法、架構 和限制作一說明。第二章則是對本文所需的理論和文獻做詳細的介紹與分析。除以組 織發展之觀點來探計「彈性工作時間制」之各個面向及其真正的意涵外，并說明其源 起與演進、理論基楚、及在國外實行之情錶，并對其類型、優缺點等與其他相關之工 作時間制度做一綜合分析說明。第三章則透過個案探討組織實行此干預技術之成敗因 素為何？并加以評析。第四章則是透過實證研究以驗證本文之研究假設。最後，筆者 在第五章結論，對研究所得提出報告，并試擬我國行政機關進行「彈性工作時間制」 之策略與步驟，以為參考。最後并論述行政組織應用此制之趨勢及未來應用之展望， 作為本文的總結。

66 Abstract - Flexible forms of working hours This diploma thesis deals with the flexible forms of working hours and its goal is to describe this issue in intelligible and comprehensive way. It is being very interesting and current theme which is to a great extent not subject to direct legal regulations and provides its contracting parties with a big amount of freedom of contract. This fact assists in bigger flexibilization of labour market and represents a significant instrument in the fight against unemployment and economic crisis. This thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One introduces the term flexible forms of working hours and briefly describes the content of following chapters. Chapter Two delimits the area of labour law in relation to other branches of law and describes law principles relating to labour law. The following Chapter Three deals with legal regulations of working hours, its length, ways of allotment and international legal regulations. Chapter Four represents an introduction to the flexible forms of working hours. The basic methods of division of flexibility in the relation to the labour market are mentioned here as well as flexible forms of work are divided on the basis of typology which is used in this diploma thesis. This chapter is followed by Chapter Five, which is the most...

The diploma thesis investigates attitudes of employers and employees towards flexible forms of working. Flexible forms of working are, for purpose of the diploma thesis, understood as a tool for work-life balance. Attention is devoted to part-time, home office, flexible working hours and job-sharing. Research of employers and employees attitudes is based on a questionnaire survey and focus groups realized within a project METR at Fond of Further Education. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out not only the actual using of flexible forms of working in companies and organizations, but also the potential for their development. The results of the diploma thesis show that flexible forms of working are very actual topic among employers and employees. However, employers are still afraid of their implementation. Part-time contracts are the most often used flexible forms of working and also have the greatest potential for the future development. Keywords: Flexible forms of working, part-time, home office, flexible working hours, job-sharing, employees, employers, attitudes

The aim of thesis is a proposal how to improve a work-life balance at the city council and identify the most common problems the company and people are dealing with. The main highlighted benefit are factual results of research – data from real respondents – employees working hours and the analysis of the real benefits for the company which are used as a base for the real proposal of the implementation.

Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka konsekvenser som genereras av det flexibla arbetslivet. Det handlar framför allt om ett medarbetarperspektiv men inkluderar även ett chefsperspektiv. Studien utgörs av en fallstudie av en kommunal organisation isödra Sverige med ett fokus på yrkesrollen Human Resources (HR). Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer ligger som grund för studiens resultatavsnitt. Valen av teoretiska ramverk bestod av en teoribildning om gränslöst arbete samt balans mellan arbete och privatliv. Resultatet visar att distansarbete och flexibla arbetstider resulterar i såväl negativa som positiva effekter på HRmedarbetaren. Studien synliggör att medarbetaren huvudsakligen upplever de flexibla arbetslivet som positivt. Detta delvis på grund av ökat handlingsutrymme i arbetet, mindre stress och att balansen mellan arbete och privatliv främjas. De negativa konsekvenserna visar sig emellertid i form av exempelvis risk för övertid, bristande arbetsmiljö vid hemarbete samt avsaknad av fysiska interaktioner med kollegor och chef.

近年來我國勞動基準法歷經多次修法，然而台灣的長工時現象卻持續引發許多社會問題，勞工的過勞事件仍舊層出不窮，因此有必要檢討現行的勞動基準法工時制度是否對勞工的保障仍有不周。 在經濟全球化的浪潮下，勞動基準法逐步導入各種彈性化的工作時間制度。而在先進各國中日本在地緣關係與社經文化上與我國較為接近，對於我國勞動法制有深刻的影響，且其勞動法規中設有許多彈性的工作時間制度並作有大量的研究檢討報告，應可作為我國之借鏡。因此本文欲探究日本與我國各種工時制度與長時間勞動間的關聯，分析其原由，檢視我國現有規範及行政措施的成效，並提出改善建議，作為未來工時制度設計上的參考。 就結論而言，本文認為我國勞動基準法應導入移動工時制度，同時第84條之1的適用範圍與法律效果應予調整。最後，尚應根據過勞的認定基準，設定工作時間的絕對上限，以防堵極端情形發生，保障勞工所應有的權益。 / Labor Standards Act has revised several times in recent years. However, the phenomenon of long working hours in Taiwan is causing lots of social issues, and tragedies of Karoshi never end. Hence, it is necessary to review the legal regulations of working hours. As the influence of Economic globalization, special working time systems such as variable working hours system, de facto working hours system are introduced into Labor Standards Act. Across developed countries, Japan has similar geopolitical position and culture to Taiwan. Furthermore, Japan is not only influencing Taiwan on Labor Law, but also has made a lot of researches on special working time systems. Therefore, the author examined the legal regulations of working hours and effects between Labor Standards Laws of Taiwan and Japan for the purpose of improving the rights of labors. In conclusion, it is necessary to introdece flexible working hours system into Labor Standards Laws of Taiwan and adjust the range and effect of article 84-1. In addition, absolute limit of working hours based on the guideline of Karoshi should be set to avoid extreme cases of long working hours.

The aim of this thesis is to gather data within the harmonization proces between work and family life at addressed families where is the woman´s role either an employee or businesswoman. The theoretical part deals with aspects which help women with easier harmonization between two lifes areas - work and family. Specifically, this part deals with various forms of child care and types of financial support provided by the state. The thesis also solves the forms of flexible working hours, with emphasis on their current use across the European Union countries. The practical part is focused on mapping strategies in addressed families with a woman who is in labour-law relation and families with a businesswoman. For these purposes were chosen families (men and women) with which we were making inteviews and questionnaires focused on the time allocated to various tasks in one day.