Sicyos deppei G. Don (Cucurbitaceae) is an invasive monoic annual tendril-bearing vine; it is endemic to Mexico, adapted to the rainfall cycle (June through the end of September) and produces spiny, single seeded fruits. Under serious infestation conditions, S. deppei grows extensively, covering native plants, crops and tree trunks. This study determined the breeding system and pollinators of S. deppei growing in three study sites at urban gardens and disturbed sites at the Campus of the Universidad de las Américas, Puebla in the city of San Andrés Cholula, Puebla (Mexico). Each female inflorescence had an average of 17 flowers at the three study sites. As a step prior to experiments, the timing for stigma receptiveness and pollen viability was determined with the Peroxtesmo KO test (PKO) and Diaminobenzidine test (DAB),respectively. Stigmas of female flowers reach maximum receptivity when flowers are at anthesis; receptivity decreases as the flower reaches the succeeding floral stages. Viability of pollen grains increases with flower development; viabilitypercentages at early stages of floral development are very low, as opposed to the higher percentages of pollen viability found in flowers at anthesis and following developmental stages. Breeding systems were tested for xenogamy and geitonogamy by hand pollinating female flowers. Breeding systems results demonstrated that S. i deppei has a mixed-mating system, being able to set fruit and seed when pollinated with pollen from different plants and from pollen of the same plants. The pollinators were determined with the single-visit method. The diversity of floral visitors in this study was low; the most effective pollinator for S. deppei in this study was Apis mellifera. Throughout the rainy season, this study also described the phenology of S. deppei at the plant and flower level, as well as total plant length. Each stage of development in male and female flowers lasts one day. At the end of the rainy season (N2010) individual plants measured between 947 and 270 cm. / CONACYT, NSERC-CANPOLIN

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

Trichogramma carverae Oatman and Pinto is mass-released for biological control of the leafroller pest, light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) in Australian vineyards. Parasitoid performance can, however, be constrained by a lack of suitable adult food and no information is available on the effect of nectar on the parasitism and longevity of T. carverae. To address this, the effect of alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) flowers on E. postvittana parasitism was studied in a vineyard experiment with and without releases of T. carverae. Egg parasitoid activity was assessed with E. postvittana egg �sentinel cards� and no parasitism was recorded in plots without T. carverae releases. Where T. carverae were released, there was no significant enhancement of parasitism by the presence of L. maritima flowers. Three hypotheses were subsequently tested to account for the lack of an effect: (i) T. carverae does not benefit from L. maritima nectar, (ii) T. carverae was feeding on nectar from other flowering plants (weeds) present in the vineyard, (iii) T. carverae was feeding on sugars from ripe grapes. A growth-cabinet experiment using potted L. maritima plants with and without flowers did not support hypothesis one. No parasitism was recorded after day two for T. carverae caged without flowers whilst parasitism occured until day eight in the presence of flowers. A laboratory experiment with common vineyard weeds (Trifolium repens, Hypochoeris radicata, Echium plantagineum) as well as L. maritima did not support hypothesis one but gave partial support to hypothesis two. Survival of T. carverae was enhanced to a small but statistically significant extent in vials with intact flowers of L. maritima, white clover (T. repens) and catsear (H. radicata) but not in vials with flowering shoots of these species from which flowers and flowering buds had been removed. Paterson�s curse (E. plantagineum) flowers had no effect on T. carverae survival. In a laboratory study, punctured grapes significantly enhanced T. carverae survival compared with a treatment without grapes, supporting hypothesis three. Trichogramma carverae performance in the field experiment was probably also constrained by relatively cool and wet weather. Further work on the enhancement of T. carverae efficacy by L. maritima and other carbohydrate sources is warranted. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate whether T. carverae benefit from different groundcover plant species. Ten T. carverae adults (<24h after eclosion) were caged with different groundcover species and a control with no plant materials. Epiphyas postvittana egg sentinel cards were used to measure parasitism and longevity was recorded visually. Survival and realised parasitism of T. carverae was significantly higher in L. maritima than in Brassica juncea, Coriandrum sativum, shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed and nil control treatments. A similar experiment with Fagopyrum esculentum (with- and without-flowers) and a control treatment showed that survival was significantly higher in intact F. esculentum than in without-flower and control treatments. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism in the early stages of that experiment, though parasitism was recorded in the presence of F. esculentum flowers for 12 days, compared with 6 days in other treatments. Higher parasitism was observed in intact Borago officinalis than in the flowerless shoot, water only and no plant material control treatments in a third experiment. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism. Fitted exponential curves for survival data differed significantly in curvature in the first, second and third experiments but the slope was a non-significant parameter in the second and third experiments. In a second series of laboratory experiments, one male and one female T. carverae were caged with groundcover species to investigate male and female longevity and daily fecundity. Both male and female longevity in F. esculentum and L. maritima treatments were significantly higher than on shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed, and than in the control treatments. Daily fecundity was significantly greater in the intact L. maritima treatment than in all other treatments. Fitted exponential curves for daily fecundity differed significantly in position and slope but not in curvature. There was no significant treatment effect on longevity or parasitism when a male and female were caged with intact B. juncea, B. officinalis or without-flower of these species, nor in the treatment with no plant materials. No parasitism was observed in a survey of naturally occurring egg parasitoids on two sites close to Orange and Canowindra in New South Wales, illustrating the importance of mass releases of T. carverae in biological control of E. postvittana. In an experiment on the Canowindra site, parasitism was significantly higher on day one and day two after T. carverae release when with-flower treatments were compared with without-flower treatments. Parasitism was significantly higher in the F. esculentum treatment than in C. sativum, L. maritima, vegetation without-flowers and control treatments on these dates. On day five, parasitism was higher in C. sativum than in all other treatments. There was no significant increase in parasitism in a second experiment conducted on the Orange site. Coriandrum sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima appear to be suitable adult food sources for T. carverae and offer some scope for habitat manipulation in vineyards The adults of many parasitoid species require nectar for optimal fitness but very little is known about flower recognition. Flight cage experiments showed that the adults of T. carverae benefited from L. maritima bearing white flowers to a greater extent than was the case for light pink, dark pink or purple flowered cultivars, despite all cultivars producing nectar. Survival and realised parasitism on non-white flowers were no greater than when the parasitoids were caged on L. maritima shoots from which flowers had been removed. The possibility that differences between L. maritima cultivars were due to factors other than flower colour, such as nectar quality, was excluded by dyeing white L. maritima flowers by placing the roots of the plants in 5% food dye (blue or pink) solution. Survival of T. carverae was lower on dyed L. maritima flowers than on undyed white flowers. Mixing the same dyes with honey in a third experiment conducted in the dark showed that the low level of feeding on dyed flowers was unlikely to be the result of olfactory or gustatory cues. Flower colour appears, therefore, to be a critical factor in the choice of plants used to enhance biological control, and is likely to also be a factor in the role parasitoids play in structuring invertebrate communities. Provision of nectar producing plants to increase the effectiveness of biological control is one aspect of habitat manipulation, but care needs to be taken to avoid the use of plant species that may benefit pest species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate whether the adult E. postvittana and larvae benefit from nectar producing groundcover species. Newly emerged E. postvittana adults were caged with different groundcover species and a honey-based artificial adult diet. The longevity of male and female E. postvittana when caged with shoots of borage (B. officinalis) and buckwheat (F. esculentum) bearing flowers was as long as when fed a honey-based artificial diet. This effect was not evident when caged with shoots of these plants from which flowers had been removed. Longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with coriander (C. sativum) or alyssum (L. maritima) irrespective of whether flowers were present or not. There was no significant treatment effect on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. A second experiment with mustard (B. juncea) (with- and without-flowers), water only and honey-based artificial adult diet showed no significant treatment effects on the longevity of male and female E. postvittana or on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. The anomalous lack of a difference between the water and honey-based diet treatments precludes making conclusions on the value of B. juncea for E. postvittana. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of groundcover species on the larval development of E. postvittana. In the first experiment, larval mortality was significantly higher in C. sativum, and L. maritima than in B. juncea, B. officinalis and white clover (T. repens) a known host of E. postvittana. Coriandrum sativum and L. maritima extended the larval period. In B. juncea and B. officinalis, mortality did not differ from that in T. repens. In F. esculentum, larval mortality was significantly higher than in T. repens. A short larval period was observed on B. juncea, B. officinalis and F. esculentum. Fitted exponential curves for larval mortality differed significantly in curvature between plant treatments. Similarly, successful pupation was significantly lower in C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima than in T. repens. The percentage of successful pupation in B. juncea and B. officinalis did not differ from F. esculentum and T. repens. Fitted exponential curves for pupation differed significantly in curvature. A similar trend was observed in a second experiment with potted plants. The overall results suggest that C. sativum and L. maritima denied benefit to E. postvittana adults and larvae, so could be planted as vineyard groundcover with minimal risk of exacerbating this pest. Overall results suggest that T. carverae require nutrients to reach their full reproductive potential and flowers provide such nutrients. Lobularia maritima and C. sativum may be considered �selective food plants� for T. carverae whereas F. esculentum appears to be a �non-selective food plant�; both T. carverae and E. postvittana benefited from it. Fruits such as grapes can be used as food resources in habitat manipulation and this merits further research. This result also suggests that within species flower colour is an important factor for flower selection in habitat manipulation.

Orientador: Wilza Carla Spiri / Resumo: Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade vem aumentando entre adultos em todo o mundo e está associada com aumento do risco de morbimortalidade, bem como redução da expectativa de vida com resultados negativos de saúde. Também associa-se a outras patologias como transtorno de ansiedade, comportamento compulsivo e desequilíbrio no comportamento do sono. Apesar da obesidade ser considerada uma patologia previnível, ainda existem grandes dificuldades associadas com a perda de peso e a sua manutenção através da modificação do estilo de vida no cenário atual, mostrando a necessidade de investigação de fatores que abordem não só o peso, mas também patologias e/ou sintomas associados. A terapia floral faz parte de um campo emergente de terapias vibracionais, e suas essências, feitas a partir de plantas silvestres, flores e árvores do campo, atuam harmonizando as emoções, e não tratando de condições físicas. Neste contexto, aparece como uma alternativa para o alivio do comportamento ansioso dos indivíduos, pois não há incompatibilidade com outros métodos de tratamento, e pode ser indicada a um grande número de pessoas em qualquer etapa da vida. Objetivo: Identificar se o tratamento com terapia floral altera o grau de ansiedade de indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade, com consequente melhora no padrão de sono, redução nos sintomas de compulsão alimentar, redução na frequência cardíaca de repouso e melhora nos níveis de pressão arterial. Métodos: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado, paralelo, co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing among adults worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as a reduction in life expectancy with negative health outcomes. It is also associated with other pathologies such as anxiety disorder, compulsive behavior and imbalance in sleep behavior. Although obesity is considered a predictable pathology, there are still great difficulties associated with weight loss and its maintenance by modifying lifestyle in the current scenario, showing the need to investigate factors that address not only weight but also pathologies and / or associated symptoms. Floral therapy is part of an emerging field of vibrational therapies, and its essences, made from wild plants, flowers and field trees, work by harmonizing emotions, not by treating physical conditions. In this context, it appears as an alternative for the relief of the anxious behavior of individuals, as there is no incompatibility with other treatment methods, and can be indicated to a large number of people at any stage of life. Objective: To identify whether treatment with floral therapy changes the degree of anxiety of overweight or obese individuals, with consequent improvement in sleep pattern, reduction in binge eating symptoms, reduction in resting heart rate and improvement in blood pressure levels. Methods: Randomized, parallel, two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-week clinical trial conducted at a public stitution ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Este estudo investiga a concepção de flor para educandos de diferentes níveis de escolaridade, em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino, na capital do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para o processo de aprendizagem, torna-se relevante identificar e considerar a concepção que o aprendiz formula sobre o assunto a ser estudado. Essa concepção revela as relações feitas, nesse caso sobre a flor, evidenciando o que precisa ser desenvolvido para que essa concepção seja reelaborada como conhecimento científico. A pesquisa foi realizada com 199 educandos, distribuídos nos quatro anos do ensino fundamental e nos três anos do ensino médio. Os educandos responderam a um questionário com questões dissertativas e produziram um desenho livre de flor, demonstrando nessas atividades as suas concepções. A avaliação dos resultados demonstrou que, ao pensar em flor, os educandos estabelecem mais relações com os conhecimentos provenientes das relações humanas do que com os conhecimentos das ciências naturais, com exceção dos educandos do terceiro ano do ensino médio, que relacionaram mais palavras de conhecimento de Botânica. Já quando expressaram seus conhecimentos através de um parágrafo explicativo, foi possível constatar que a grande maioria revela a concepção de que a flor é uma plantinha, mas principalmente ela é linda e enfeita a nossa vida. Esse levantamento se mostrou muito importante a fim de diagnosticar a ideia inicial dos educandos sobre a flor, indicando que explorar os conhecimentos humanizados com o objetivo de aproximá- la do seu interesse pode contribuir para a construção de um novo modo de pensar, a partir de informações científicas que permitam localizar a flor como um elemento indispensável para a reprodução das angiospermas, e a sobrevivência de espécies e biomas específicos e, especialmente, para a preservação ambiental. / This study investigates the conception of the flower for students in different levels of schooling. The project was developed at a public school in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is relevant to identify and to consider the conception given from each student about the subject studied for the process of learning. This conception reveals the relation between the students and the flower, showing what it needs for this conception to be known as a scientific knowledge. The research was made with 199 students, divided into four years of fundamental school and three years of middle school. The students responded to the quiz with short answers and produced a freehand drawing flower, showing in their activities your conception. The evaluation of the results demonstrated that when the students think about the flower they establish more relations with the knowledge from the humans’ relations than with the knowledge from natural science. Only the last year middle school students related more words from Botany knowledge. When all students expressed your knowledge through an explanation paragraph, most of them had the same conception: a flower is a little plant, but mainly she is beautiful and decorates our life. This survey it has shown to be very important to demonstrate the students’ initial idea about the flower. These ideas indicate that the exploration of the humanized knowledge can contribute to build a new way of thinking, from the science information that allows thinking about the flower as an indispensable element to the angiosperm’s reproduction, and the survival of species, and the specific biomes, and especially to the environmental preservation.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-06T16:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Moreira Argolo Análise...2014.pdf: 2379371 bytes, checksum: 6533fc64b2d6221825fc83948cfb30eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-06T16:25:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Moreira Argolo Análise...2014.pdf: 2379371 bytes, checksum: 6533fc64b2d6221825fc83948cfb30eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-06T16:28:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Moreira Argolo Análise...2014.pdf: 2379371 bytes, checksum: 6533fc64b2d6221825fc83948cfb30eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T16:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Moreira Argolo Análise...2014.pdf: 2379371 bytes, checksum: 6533fc64b2d6221825fc83948cfb30eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / A dermatite infecciosa associada ao vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1 (HTLV-1), DIH, é uma forma de eczema grave e recidivante que incide principalmente em crianças que em geral foram verticalmente infectadas pelo HTLV-1, ocorrendo lesões eritematosas, escamativas e crostosas, sendo geralmente localizadas nas regiões do couro cabeludo e retroauriculares, assim como pescoço, virilha, região paranasal, axilas, ouvido externo e narinas. Inicia-se após os 18 meses de vida e raramente persiste até a vida adulta. No Brasil, muitos casos têm sido diagnosticados na Bahia, estado brasileiro que atualmente conta com a maior casuística da literatura depois da Jamaica. Acompanhando uma coorte de 31 pacientes da faixa etária infanto-juvenil com DIH em Salvador, observou-se em esfregaço do sangue periférico, em 11 dos indivíduos, o aparecimento de linfócitos atípicos (LA) e/ou células em flor (CF), que não são comumente observados em pacientes com DIH, mas ocorrem com frequência em pacientes com leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATL). Submetemos amostras dos 31 pacientes a reações em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para verificar se havia um clone majoritário através do padrão de clonalidade do TCR-gama. Para este ensaio, todos os 31 pacientes apresentaram padrão oligoclonal ou policlonal típico para DIH, onde não ocorre um clone predominante. A fim de verificar se o aparecimento dos linfócitos atipicos estava relacionado ao possível desenvolvimento da ATL, para os 11 indivíduos que apresentaram os LA e/ou CF em esfregaço do sangue periférico, realizamos ensaios de ILPCR para verificar a clonalidade dos linfócitos infectados pelo vírus e posteriormente sequenciamos as amostras a fim de identificar o local de integração do provírus ao genoma do portador hospedeiro. Em 7 dos 11 indivíduos identificou-se um único clone predominante nos produtos de PCR em pelo menos uma das coletas avaliadas. Nesses casos, o DNA proviral não interrompeu regiões codificadoras para genes humanos. Para um paciente, o provírus se integrou na região do gene da MAP2K1 (proteína quinase 1 ativadora de mitose), localizado no cromossomo 15. Observou-se que na presença de LA e/ou CF podem existir clones majoritários circulantes em portadores do HTLV-1 com DIH. / Infective dermatitis associated with human T lymphotropic cells virus type 1 (HTLV-1), IDH, is a form of severe and recurrent dermatitis that occurs mostly in children who were mainly vertically infected with HTLV-1, occurring erythematous, desquamative and crusty, being generally located in regions of the scalp and retroauricular, neck, groin, paranasal region, armpits, outer ear and nostrils. It begins after 18 months of life and rarely persists into adulthood. In Brazil, several cases have been diagnosed in Bahia, the Brazilian state that currently has the highest incidence after Jamaica. Tracking a cohort of 31 patients in the juvenile age group with IDH in Salvador, we observed the appearance of atypical lymphocytes (AL) and/or flower cells (FC), which are not commonly observed in patients with IDH, but occur frequently in patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), in peripheral blood smear in 11 of the subjects. Samples of 31 patients underwent tests of PCR assays to verify if there was a major clone by the clonality patterns of gamma-TCR. For this test, all 31 patients had oligoclonal pattern or typical polyclonal of IDH, where there isn’t a predominant clone. In order to verify if the appearance of the atypical cells was related to the future ATL we submitted the 11 subjects who had the AL and/or FC in peripheral blood smear to ILPCR tests conducted to analyze clonality of lymphocytes infected by the virus and subsequently these samples were sequenced to identify the integrations sites of the provirus in the host-carrier genome. A single dominant clone was observed in the PCR products from at least one of the tested samples in 7 of 11 individuals. In such cases, the proviral DNA did not interrupt coding regions for human gene. For a patient, the provirus was integrated in the region of the MAP2K1 gene (mitosis protein kinase activator 1), located on chromosome 15. We observed that in the presence of AL and/or FC may be majority clones circulating in HTLV- 1 carries with IDH.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5930.pdf: 2008307 bytes, checksum: d0e45679fd9d345a26733ef3c1512046 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / It is estimated that approximately 73 % of the world crops are pollinated by a bees. The constant alteration of habitats has led to the decline of pollinators, which may reflect limitations in the quantity and quality of the fruits and seeds grown, becoming one of the biggest problems when it comes to agricultural production. Studies with agricultural crops and their pollinators may contribute in seeking proposals that combine agriculture and conservation of forest fragments. The general objective of this work was to study aspects of Solanum lycopersicum L. hybrid Pizzadoro pollination. The specific objectives were: 1) verify if the floral morphology influences the behavior of the pollinator visits, 2) evaluate the richness of pollinating bees and pollinators at different distances from the Legal Reserve area, 3) compare the efficiency of three species of bees pollination in two treatments: spontaneous self-pollination, and pollination under natural conditions. The study was conducted on a conventional tomato cultivation in the municipality of Estiva Gerbi, Sao Paulo. Flowers were collected and observed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Efficiency was compared between Apis mellifera, Augochloropsis sp. and Exomalopsis sp. by Spears index. Observations and sampling were made in situ at 50, 100 and 150 meters from the Legal Reserve. It was found that the anther dehiscence is longitudinal and that the efficiency of pollination by A. mellifera (0.72) was similar to Exomalopsis sp. (0.85) and greater than Augochloropsis sp. (0.22). It is considered that the success of A. mellifera is associated with the floral morphology. Eleven species of insects, of which 7 were considered pollinators were found. Fifty eight floral visits were recorded, out of which 24 in quadrant A (50 m), 13 in B (100 m) and 21 in C (150 m), with A. mellifera dominant with 62.1% of visits, followed by Augochloropsis sp. and Oxaea flavescens both with 10.3%, Exomalopsis sp. with 6.9 %, Allograpta sp. with 5.2 % ,Bombus sp. with 3.4 % and Xylocopa sp. 1.7 %. The data indicates that the Legal Reserve played a key role in providing pollinators for tomato crops and therefore emphasizes the need for conservation and restoration of forest fragments to assist in increasing crop production. / Estima-se que aproximadamente 73% das plantas cultivadas mundialmente sejam polinizadas por alguma espécie de abelha. A constante alteração de habitats vem provocando o declínio de polinizadores, que pode refletir em limitações na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos e sementes cultivados, constituindo-se em um dos maiores problemas quando se trata de produção agrícola. Estudos com culturas agrícolas e seus polinizadores podem contribuir na busca de propostas que conciliem agricultura e conservação de fragmentos florestais. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi estudar aspectos relacionados com polinização de Solanum lycopersicum L. híbrido Pizzadoro. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) verificar se a morfologia floral influencia no comportamento de visita do polinizador; 2) avaliar a riqueza de abelhas polinizadoras e visitantes florais em diferentes distâncias da área de Reserva Legal; 3) comparar a eficiência de três espécies de abelhas na polinização em dois tratamentos: kautopolinização espontânea, e a polinização em condições naturais. O estudo foi realizado numa área de cultivo convencional de tomate no município de Estiva Gerbi, São Paulo. Foram coletadas flores e observadas em estereomicroscópio e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foi comparada a eficiência de Apis mellifera, Augochloropsis sp. e Exomalopsis sp. pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Observações e coletas foram feitas in situ a 50, 100 e 150 metros da RL. Verificou-se que a deiscência da antera é do tipo longitudinal e que não houve diferença entre as espécies de abelhas, ou seja, o número de sementes produzidas não depende da espécie de abelha. Considera-se que o sucesso de A. mellifera esteja associado à morfologia floral. Foram encontradas 11 espécies de insetos, das quais 7 foram consideradas polinizadoras. Foram registradas 58 visitas florais; dessas, 24 no quadrante A (50 m), 13 no B (100 m) e 21 no C (150 m), sendo A. mellifera dominante com 62,1% das visitas, seguida de Augochloropsis sp. e Oxaea flavescens ambos com 10,3%, Exomalopsis sp. com 6,9%, Allograpta sp. com 5,2%, Bombus sp. com 3,4% e Xylocopa sp. com 1,7%. Os dados indicam que a RL desempenhou um papel fundamental no fornecimento de polinizadores para a cultura de tomate e, por isso, enfatiza-se a necessidade de conservação e restauração de fragmentos florestais para auxiliar no aumento da produção da cultura.

Submitted by Suzimar de Fatima Benato Fusco (sbenato@gmail.com) on 2018-04-25T18:24:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_suzimar_fusco_2018.pdf: 3080060 bytes, checksum: 4575e04721f212bd817687282caf1fc2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-26T18:56:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fusco_sfb_dr_bot.pdf: 3080060 bytes, checksum: 4575e04721f212bd817687282caf1fc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T18:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fusco_sfb_dr_bot.pdf: 3080060 bytes, checksum: 4575e04721f212bd817687282caf1fc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade vem aumentando entre adultos em todo o mundo e está associada com aumento do risco de morbimortalidade, bem como redução da expectativa de vida com resultados negativos de saúde. Também associa-se a outras patologias como transtorno de ansiedade, comportamento compulsivo e desequilíbrio no comportamento do sono. Apesar da obesidade ser considerada uma patologia previnível, ainda existem grandes dificuldades associadas com a perda de peso e a sua manutenção através da modificação do estilo de vida no cenário atual, mostrando a necessidade de investigação de fatores que abordem não só o peso, mas também patologias e/ou sintomas associados. A terapia floral faz parte de um campo emergente de terapias vibracionais, e suas essências, feitas a partir de plantas silvestres, flores e árvores do campo, atuam harmonizando as emoções, e não tratando de condições físicas. Neste contexto, aparece como uma alternativa para o alivio do comportamento ansioso dos indivíduos, pois não há incompatibilidade com outros métodos de tratamento, e pode ser indicada a um grande número de pessoas em qualquer etapa da vida. Objetivo: Identificar se o tratamento com terapia floral altera o grau de ansiedade de indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade, com consequente melhora no padrão de sono, redução nos sintomas de compulsão alimentar, redução na frequência cardíaca de repouso e melhora nos níveis de pressão arterial. Métodos: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado, paralelo, com dois braços, duplo cego, placebo-controlado, de quatro semanas, realizado em uma instituição pública do estado de São Paulo - Brasil. Os participantes foram indivíduos sadios de ambos os sexos, com idade de 20 a 59 anos, alfabetizados, com sobrepeso ou obesidade pelos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (IMC ≥ 25 Kg/m2) e com ansiedade moderada ou elevada pelos critérios do Inventário de Ansiedade-Estado (IDATE com Escore ˃ 34). Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário sócio-demográfico e clínico, escala de ansiedade IDATE-ESTADO, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP) e Questionário de Padrão do Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI), aferição da pressão arterial e eletrocardiograma, no momento inicial e após 4 semanas de tratamento. A análise estatística foi realizada calculando o delta para expressar a diferença das médias das medidas de desfecho entre os momentos de avaliação dentro de cada grupo estudado. Em seguida, utilizou-se o Teste de Mann-Whittney para a comparação entre grupos. Análise multivariada foi realizada utilizando modelos de regressão linear robusta simples e múltipla. Resultados: A coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2017 e a amostra foi constituída por 40 participantes no grupo placebo e 41 no grupo floral, principalmente pelo sexo feminino (92,5% e 90,2%), com idade média de 42,9 e 38,5 anos e IMC médio de 34,31 e 33,5 kg/m2 nos grupos placebo e floral respectivamente. A análise multivariada mostrou redução estatisticamente significante no grupo floral quando comparado ao grupo Placebo nas seguintes variáveis: IDATE (β=-0,190; p<0,001), PSQI (β=-0,160; p=0,027), ECAP (β=-0,226; p=0,001) e frequência cardíaca de repouso (β=-0,07; p=0,003). Conclusão: indivíduos tratados com terapia floral apresentaram redução de sintomas ansiosos, melhora no padrão de sono, redução nos sintomas de compulsão alimentar e diminuição na frequência cardíaca de repouso maior do que aqueles tratados com placebo. Esse resultado evidencia a importância e a necessidade de ações de saúde em prol da redução da ansiedade e sintomas associados em indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade e fortalece a terapia floral como prática integrativa e complementar na área da saúde. / Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing among adults worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as a reduction in life expectancy with negative health outcomes. It is also associated with other pathologies such as anxiety disorder, compulsive behavior and imbalance in sleep behavior. Although obesity is considered a predictable pathology, there are still great difficulties associated with weight loss and its maintenance by modifying lifestyle in the current scenario, showing the need to investigate factors that address not only weight but also pathologies and / or associated symptoms. Floral therapy is part of an emerging field of vibrational therapies, and its essences, made from wild plants, flowers and field trees, work by harmonizing emotions, not by treating physical conditions. In this context, it appears as an alternative for the relief of the anxious behavior of individuals, as there is no incompatibility with other treatment methods, and can be indicated to a large number of people at any stage of life. Objective: To identify whether treatment with floral therapy changes the degree of anxiety of overweight or obese individuals, with consequent improvement in sleep pattern, reduction in binge eating symptoms, reduction in resting heart rate and improvement in blood pressure levels. Methods: Randomized, parallel, two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-week clinical trial conducted at a public stitution in the state of São Paulo - Brazil. Participants were healthy individuals of both sexes, aged 20-59 years, literate, overweight or obese according to World Health Organization criteria (BMI ≥ 25 kg / m2) and with moderate or high anxiety according to the criteria of the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (STAI with Score ˃ 34). Data were collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Binge-Eating Scale (BES) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), blood pressure and electrocardiogram and after 4 weeks of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the delta to express the difference of means of outcome measures between the moments of evaluation within each group studied. Then, the Mann-Whittney test was used for the comparison between groups. Multivariate analysis was performed using simple and multiple robust linear regression models. Results: Data collection occurred between September 2015 and January 2017, and the sample consisted of 40 participants in the placebo group and 41 in the floral group, mainly female (92.5% and 90.2%), with age mean of 42.9 and 38.5 years and mean BMI of 34.31 and 33.5 kg / m2 in the placebo and floral groups, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in the floral group when compared to the placebo group in the following variables: IDATE (β = -0.190, p <0.001), PSQI (β = -0.160, p = 0.004), ECAP (β = -0.226; p = 0.001) and resting heart rate (β = -0.07, p <0.001). Conclusion: Individuals treated with floral therapy had reduced anxiety symptoms, improved sleep patterns, reduced binge eating symptoms, and decreased resting heart rate greater than those treated with placebo. This result evidences the importance and necessity of health actions in favor of the reduction of anxiety and associated symptoms in overweight or obese individuals and strengthens floral therapy as an integrative and complementary practice in the health area.