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Studies on the pharmacokinetics of fluoride in manEkstrand, Jan. January 1977 (has links)
Thesis--Stockholm. / Includes reprints of 5 supporting articles. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-43).
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Studies on alginates as vehicles for topical fluoride applicationHattab, Faiez. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes the author's seven published papers. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Estudo de reações de flúor-inserção em 1h-pirazóis utilizando os reagentes fluorantes selectfluor, dast e mfsda / Study of fluoro-insertions in 1h-pyrazoles promoted by the fluorinating reagents selectfluor, dast and mfsdaPittaluga, Everton Pedebos 19 August 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis describes the studies carried out using fluorinating reagents with different approaches: Selectfluor as an electrophilic fluorine source; DAST for nucleophilic fluorinations and MFSDA as a nucleophilic trifluoromethylating reagent. Fluorinations reactions were carried out in 1H-pyrazoles possessing different substituents in the C3 and C5 positions with the goal of explore the insertion of fluorine atoms and/or fluoroalkyl groups in the C4 position of these substrates.
Initially, we design suitable starting materials for the fluorination reactions with Selectfluor and DAST. Thus, 3-aryl-4-formyl-1H-1-pyrazoles compounds were synthetized in two steps reactions from ketones and hydrazines followed by a subsequent Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and reacting the respective hydrazones with POCl3/DMF. Next, a new series of 3-aryl-4-hydroxymethyl-1H-1-pyrazoles was synthetized from 3-aryl-4-formyl-1H-1-pyrazoles compounds utilizing NaBH4 as carbonyl reducing agent.
Subsequently, we carried out metal-free electrophilic fluorination, promoted by Selectfluor, of pyrazoles with methylene groups (-CH2-X) in which X = OH, Ome, F, N3, and NHMe at the C-4 position furnishing the 4-fluoro-pyrazole products from unexpected C-C bond cleavage, at moderate to good yields. Otherwise, under the same reaction conditions, when X = NEt2 or SPr the oxidation product 4-formyl-pyrazole was obtained.
In continuation, a synthetic study of two new series of 4-fluorinated 1,3,5-substituted 1H-pyrazoles are described. Thus, an efficient synthesis of new series of 3-aryl-4-(di)fluoromethyl-1H-1-phenylpyrazoles, where [aryl = Ph, 4-NO2C6H4, 4-OCH3C6H4] is described, from deoxofluorination reactions of 4-(formyl)- and 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1-phenylpyrazoles in dichloromethane as solvent at room temperature, employing diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) as fluorinating agent in 41 to 73 % yield.
Finally, from 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-1-phenylpyrazoles previously obtained from the cyclocondesation reaction of 4-alkoxy-4-alkyl(aryl)-1,1,1-trifluoroalk-3-en-2-ones [in which alkyl/aryl = CH3, C6H5], we performed the iodination using NIS and CF3OOH at the C4 position of these azoles. In a subsequent step, we applied the
trifluormetilating reagent MFSDA to promote the trifluormethyl insertion to obtain examples of 4,5-(bis)-trifluoromethyl-1H-1phenylpyrazoles. / Esta tese descreve os estudos realizados utilizando reagentes fluorantes com abordagens distintas: o Selectfluor como uma fonte eletrofílica de átomos de flúor; o DAST para as reações de fluoração nucleofílica e o MFSDA como um reagente trifluormetilante nucleofílico. As reações de fluoração foram realizadas em 1H-pirazóis que possuem diferentes substituintes nas posições C3 e C5 com o objetivo de explorar a inserção de átomos de flúor ou grupos fluorados na posição 4 desses substratos.
Inicialmente, projetamos materiais de partida adequados paras as reações de fluoração com Selectfluor e DAST. Assim, foram sintetizados os compostos 3-aril-4-formil-1H-pirazóis em dois passos reacionais a partir de cetonas e hidrazinas seguido por uma consequente reação de formilação de Vilsmeier-Haack, reagindo as respectivas hidrazonas com POCl3 em DMF. A seguir, uma nova série de 3-aril-4-hidroximetil-1H-pirazóis foi sintetizada a partir dos compostos 3-aril-4-formil-1H-pirazóis utilizando NaBH4 como agente redutor de carbonilas.
Subsequentemente, realizamos reações de fluoração eletrofílica promovida por Selectfluor, sem utilizar catálise metálica, de pirazóis possuindo grupos metilênicos (-CH2-X) no qual X = OH, Ome, F, N3 e NHMe na posição 4, fornecendo os produtos 4-flúor-pirazóis através de uma clivagem da ligação C-C entre o grupo metilênico e o pirazol, em rendimentos moderados. Por outro lado, sob as mesmas condições reacionais, quando X = Net2 ou SPr, foram obtidos os produtos de oxidação 4-formil-pirazóis.
Em continuação, foi realizado um estudo sintético de duas séries novas de 1H-pirazóis 1,3,5-substituídos fluorados na posição 4. Assim, sintetizou-se uma série de 3-aril-4-(di)fluormetil-1H-1-fenilpirazóis a partir de reações de deoxofluoração de 3-aril-4-formil(hidroximetil)-1H-pirazóis em diclorometano como solvente a temperatura ambiente, empregando DAST como agente fluorante em rendimentos de 41 73 %.
Finalmente, a partir de 5-trifluormetil-1H-1-fenilpirazóis obtidos previamente pela reação de ciclocondensação entre 4-alcóxi-4-alquil(aril)-1,1,1-trifluor-3-alquen-2-onas [onde alquil/aril = CH3, C6H5], foi realizada a iodação utilizando NIS e CF3COOH
na posição 4 desses azóis. Em um passo reacional subsequente, foi aplicado o reagente trifluormetilante MFSDA para promover a inserção de um grupo triflurmetila e obter exemplos 4,5-(bis)-trifluormetil-1H-1-fenilpirazóis.
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Studies on alginates as vehicles for topical fluoride applicationHattab, Faiez. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes the author's seven published papers. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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