This research aims to explore the place of marginality (or that which is not the immediate focus of narrative) in the context of the play and through the examination of the characters of Fortinbras and Horatio, in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The intended outcome is to encourage diversified perspectives and approaches to the play by focusing on the marginal themes and/or characters. The chapters address the characters of Fortinbras and Horatio; the first inverts the protagonist/foil relationship by reading Hamlet as a foil to Fortinbras, while the second uses Freud’s “The Uncanny” as a way to understand Horatio’s role in the play, as its uncanniest phenomena. Both are marginal to the text, but both are significant to the understanding of the text. Essentially, the objective is to encourage readings of the play, and of narratives, that appreciate the complexity of marginality, in order to broaden the language for future research.

Microarrays enable high throughput analysis with minute amounts of analyte. They are widely used in the ’omics’ fields both as diagnostic and analytical tools. Their ability to dramatically impact an entire field of research has focused our attention on the development of novel methods for the formation, analysis and applications of microarrays to study carbohydrate-protein interactions and the analysis of glycosylation patterns of biomolecules. Availability of appropriately modified ligands is often a limiting factor in the preparation of microarrays. To address this issue robust routes for the synthesis of nine amino ethylglycosides were developed that can be employed for microarray formation. The syntheses of more complex ligands typically deliver small quantities of material despite the requirements for special skills, equipment and long preparation times. Considering the number of complex oligosaccharides that are necessary for systematic microarray studies, the problem of availability of these complex structures is difficult to address solely with synthetic ligands. A modified native chemical ligation (NCL) strategy, in which a surface bound oxo-ester is used instead of a thioester, was optimised and used for efficient chemoselective immobilisation of sugars and peptides carrying N-terminal cysteines. The reaction proceeds under physiological conditions and has the potential to become a valuable tool for immobilisation of N-terminal cysteine-containing molecules from biological samples. The new NCL coupling methodology was developed on gold surfaces and analysed by MALDI-ToF MS. The majority of array systems, however, rely on secondary protein interactions on glass or polystyrene surfaces. A direct, more accurate analytical tool could ease the analysis and significantly improve the quality of data read-out from glass microarrays. MALDI-ToF MS that is applicable to gold microarrays cannot be used on surfaces that do not provide the necessary electrical conductivity. The undertaken experiments indicated that application of conductive tape to the back of glass or polystyrene slides made MALDI-ToF analysis on poorly conducting surfaces possible. Furthermore, the triphenylmethyl (trityl) groups attached to the surface-molecules were shown to act as ’internal-matrix’ and enable the direct MALDI analysis. Once the new array formation and analysis techniques were developed, we turned our attention towards the application of microarrays to analyse carbohydrate-protein interactions. The tools for analysis of glycosylation of biomolecules are laborious and can only be used in specialised labs. As glycosylated biomolecules gain prominence in research, clinical and industrial settings, high throughput analysis of glycosylation patterns is becoming a requirement for quality control. A technique for screening of glycosylation patterns in glycopeptides on microarrays was developed based on biophotonic scattering. This technique enables the detection of glycosylation patterns by screening immobilised glycoproteins with a range of lectins. To study the interactions between enzymes and carbohydrates, a chemoenzymatic synthesis of a mannopeptide, which consisted of four carbohydrate units, was shown in solution and on chip. Three different glycosyl transferases were successfully employed. New methods for microarray formation and analysis were developed and applied to carbohydrate-protein interaction studies. This yielded a new technique to determine protein glycosylation patterns and to produce complex glycans by enzymatic synthesis.

A finite element modeling strategy targeting package opening simulations is the final goal with this work. The developed simulation model will be used to proactively predict the opening compatibility early in the development process of a new opening device and/or a new packaging material. To be able to create such a model, the focus is to develop a combined and integrated physical/virtual test procedure for mechanical characterization and calibration of thin packaging materials. Furthermore, the governing mechanical properties of the materials involved in the opening performance needs to be identified and quantified with experiments. Different experimental techniques complemented with video recording equipment were refined and utilized during the course of work. An automatic or semi-automatic material model parameter identification process involving video capturing of the deformation process and inverse modeling is proposed for the different packaging material layers. Both an accurate continuum model and a damage material model, used in the simulation model, were translated and extracted from the experimental test results. The results presented show that it is possible to select constitutive material models in conjunction with continuum material damage models, adequately predicting the mechanical behavior of intended failure in thin laminated packaging materials. A thorough material mechanics understanding of individual material layers evolution of microstructure and the micro mechanisms involved in the deformation process is essential for appropriate selection of numerical material models. Finally, with a slight modification of already available techniques and functionalities in the commercial finite element software AbaqusTM it was possible to build the suitable simulation model. To build a realistic simulation model an accurate description of the geometrical features is important. Therefore, advancements within the experimental visualization techniques utilizing a combination of video recording, photoelasticity and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the micro structure have enabled extraction of geometries and additional information from ordinary standard experimental tests. Finally, a comparison of the experimental opening and the virtual opening, showed a good correlation with the developed finite element modeling technique. The advantage with the developed modeling approach is that it is possible to modify the material composition of the laminate. Individual material layers can be altered and the mechanical properties, thickness or geometrical shape can be changed. Furthermore, the model is flexible and a new opening device i.e. geometry and load case can easily be adopted in the simulation model. Therefore, this type of simulation model is a useful tool and can be used for decision support early in the concept selection of development projects.

This diploma thesis deals with the isolation and characterization of copolymer P(3HB-co-4HB). The teoretical part was prepared as a literature search which describe polyhydroxyalkanoates in general, their structure, synthesis, degradation and isolation. Furthermore, copolymers containing 4HB units are mentioned in this thesis and there is also no mentioned of the biosynthesis and biodegradation of copolymer P(3HB-co-4HB). The first aim of this diploma thesis was to find out which solvent is the best for copolymer extraction and then characterize obtained copolymer P(3HB-co-4HB). The isolated copolymer was characterized by gas chromatography, SEC-MALS, thermal analysis and SEM. In the second part of the thesis, release of model biologically active substance from the PHA films was studied. Rhodamine 6G dye was selected for the simulation, which was used to stain the copolymer films and the P(3HB) films. It was observed that film prepared from P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer released entrapped substance much faster than film made from P3HB homopolymer, and, in addition, the copolymer was substantially more susceptible to enzyme degradation.

Design and construction of machine respects the needs of the manufactory of delicatessen. In my technical report there were also project several drives and there were described main structural parts of the machine.

The dissertation thesis is focused on non-transparent ventilated façade constructions, airflow in the ventilated cavity and the building envelope temperatures in relation with the different parameters of the construction and the ventilated cavity. The aim of this work is to optimize the temperature behavior of the building envelope during the summer season when the overheating is the most distinctive. The numerical and experimental methods with many different variants of façade constructions were used to investigation. The variants were compared and evaluated by the measured values of airflow speed in the ventilated cavity, temperature in the ventilated cavity and on the surfaces of constructions around the cavity. The result of the investigation is the evaluation of the influence of the airflow resistances or the reflectance of the surfaces around the ventilated cavity. Part of the thesis was formulated in relation with the project of MPPF - Multifunctional Plug & Play Facade during the internship at TU Graz. The efficiency of some parts of the energy active façade in this project depends on the temperature. The part of the results is the patented passive system for ventilation of building envelope and the patented cavity panel for ventilated facades.

WE43 magnesium foils (thickness ≤ 200 μm) were successfully produced via hot rolling. The initially extruded material was heat treated at 450 °C for 2 h to achieve a more homogenous microstructure. Afterwards the sheets were hot rolled at 480 °C in two to five rolling passes to achieve a thickness less than 200 μm and finally heat treated (T5 and T6 heat treatment). Microstructural und texture evolution after foil rolling and the final heat treatment were investigated and the resulting mechanical properties were also evaluated. Therefore, the samples were quenched directly after foil rolling and the final heat treatment. The foil rolling led depending on the number of the rolling passes either to a deformation microstructure (two and three passes) or globular grains (four and five passes).

WE43 magnesium foils (thickness ≤ 200 μm) were successfully produced via hot rolling. The initially extruded material was heat treated at 450 °C for 2 h to achieve a more homogenous microstructure. Afterwards the sheets were hot rolled at 480 °C in two to five rolling passes to achieve a thickness less than 200 μm and finally heat treated (T5 and T6 heat treatment). Microstructural und texture evolution after foil rolling and the final heat treatment were investigated and the resulting mechanical properties were also evaluated. Therefore, the samples were quenched directly after foil rolling and the final heat treatment. The foil rolling led depending on the number of the rolling passes either to a deformation microstructure (two and three passes) or globular grains (four and five passes).

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No description available.