Aim Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is an international survey tool based on parents' estimation of their child's motor coordination skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a Swedish version of DCDQ'07 by finding out how the classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ'07 is consistent with the classification of DCD via the motor impairment test, Movement ABC. MethodIn the context of a larger study, a Swedish translated version of the parent survey DCDQ'07 were sent to 4000 randomly selected families with children aged 8 - 10 years in Stockholm County. The classifications "DCD" or "NOT DCD" with cut-off values ​​of 56 (9 years) and 57 (10 years) were applied. Forty families were selected from 410 registered responses. Parents and children were invited to the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences for additional motor skills tests. Thirty-four children (8.5 ± 0.6 years) completed the quantitative part of the Movement ABC chosen as the standard criteria for motor performance with the 15th percentile as a criterion for DCD. Data processing was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine positive criterion for DCDQ'07. The correlation analysis Spearman's Rho was used. Level of significance was set at p <0.05. ResultsAt the cut-off values ​​of <56 (9 years) and <57 (10 years) the DCDQ'07 reached a sensitivity of 80 %, a specificity of 67 % and positive predicted value (ppv) of 50 %. The accepted consensus with Kappa was just below 0.4. Significant correlations were found between the Movement ABC and the total score of DCDQ'07 (r = - 0,61) and between the three subcomponents in DCDQ'07 and the sub-tasks of the Movement ABC, except one task. ConclusionThe Swedish version of DCDQ’07 exhibits an acceptable validity and is a useful screening instrument to identify children with suspected DCD. The test meets the requirement (80 %) to identify children with motor problems (sensitivity) and satisfy nearly requirement (70 %) for specificity, which is the ability to correctly identify children without motor problems. Cut-off values ​​between 48 and 57 are recommended, depending which groups should be investigated. Lower values ​​are recommended for clinical groups and higher for population-based studies. / Syfte och frågeställningar Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) är ett internationellt enkätverktyg som utgår från föräldrars skattning av sitt barns motorik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka validiteten i en svensk version av DCDQ’07 genom att ta reda på hur klassificeringen av Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ’07 stämmer med klassificering av DCD via motoriktestet Movement ABC. Metod I samband med en större studie skickades en svensk översatt version av föräldrarenkäten DCDQ’07 ut till 4000 slumpvis utvalda familjer med barn i åldrarna 8 ─ 10 år i Stockholms län. Klassificeringarna ”DCD” eller ”NOT DCD” med cutoff värdena 56 (9 år) och 57 (10 år) tillämpades. Bland 410 registrerade svar valdes 40 familjer ut. Föräldrar och barn bjöds in till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan för ytterligare motoriktest. Trettiofyra barn (8.5 ± 0,6 år) genomförde den kvantitativa delen av Movement ABC som valts som standard för motorisk förmåga med 15:e percentilen som kriterium för DCD. Databearbetning utfördes i IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver- operator characteristic curve (ROC graf) användes för att fastställa positivt kriterium för DCDQ’07. För korrelationsanalys användes Spearmans Rho.  Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Vid cutoff värdena <56 (9 år) och < 57 (10 år) i DCDQ’07 nåddes en sensitivitet på 80 %, en specificitet på 67 % och positive predicted value (ppv) på 50 %.  Den accepterade samstämmigheten med Kappa var strax under 0.4 . Signifikant korrelation påvisades mellan Movement ABC och totalpoäng på DCDQ’07 (r = - 0,61) och mellan de tre delkomponenterna i DCDQ’07 och samtliga deluppgifter i Movement ABC, förutom en uppgift.   Slutsats Den svenska versionen av DCDQ’07 uppvisar en acceptabel validitet och är ett lämpligt screeningsinstrument för att fånga upp barn med motoriska problem. Testet möter kravet (80 %) för att identifiera barn med trolig DCD (sensitivitet) och uppfyller nästan kravet (70 %) för specificitet, dvs. förmåga att korrekt identifiera barn utan problem. Cutoff värden mellan 48 och 57 rekommenderas beroende vilka grupper som skall undersökas. Lägre värden rekommenderas för kliniska grupper och högre för populationsstudier.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Williann Braviano Maria.pdf: 8832579 bytes, checksum: 4624174347828b922d6f50aa1a9ef5c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Studies have shown the interaction among elements from task, person and environemnt may be influenced by each other. The aim of this study was to describe relations between opportunities afforded by toys and materials encountered into familiar and scholar contexts and the development of children between 36 and 42 months of age. Fifty-one children from public day care center have participated of this study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2) was applied to analyze the motor performance; the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development (AHEMD) was used to verify the quality and quantity of opportunities of motor stimulation in the familiar context, and, an inventory named Opportunities of Motor Stimulation in the Scholar Context was used to control opportunities of motor stimulation on scholar context. Results concerning motor performance and opportunities in the familiar context was analyzed considering its protocols. The results indicate that there is no statistical significant relations between opportunities of motor stimulation in the familiar context for both overall and in different subscales (outside space, inside space, variety of stimulation, fine motor toys and gross motor toys) and the motor performance of the children. Conclusions are based that opportunities alone does not guarantee that the person reach expected motor performance, but, it is believable that opportunities and engagement and children`s dispositions associated can evidence existing relations between motor performance and opportunities for utilization of the equipment. / Estudos tem demonstrado que os elementos pertinentes a tarefa, ao indivíduo e ao ambiente interagem entre si e, também podem ser modificados um pelo outro. Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever as relações existentes entre as oportunidades disponibilizadas pelos brinquedos e materiais no contexto familiar e escolar e o desenvolvimento de crianças de 36 a 42 meses de idade. Participaram do estudo 51 crianças matriculadas em creches municipais. Utilizou-se de três instrumentos: a bateria de testes Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) para analisar o desempenho motor; o questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development (AHEMD) para verificar a qualidade e quantidade das oportunidades de estimulação motora no contexto familiar; e inventário denominado Oportunidades de estimulação no contexto escolar para controlar as oportunidades de estimulação motora no contexto escolar. Os resultados relativos ao desempenho motor e às oportunidades no contexto familiar foram analisados considerando as exigências dos respectivos protocolos. Os resultados indicam que não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre as oportunidades de estimulação motora do contexto familiar tanto nos resultados gerais quanto nas diferentes subescalas (espaço exterior, espaço interior, variedade de estimulação, materiais de motricidade fina e materiais de motricidade ampla) e o desempenho motor das crianças do estudo. Conclui-se que somente as oportunidades não garantem que o indivíduo obtenha um bom desempenho motor, mas, acredita-se que as oportunidades e o engajamento e a disposição das crianças na utilização dos brinquedos e materiais poderão evidenciar relações existentes entre o desempenho motor e as oportunidades para utilização de equipamentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Livia.pdf: 1359147 bytes, checksum: e5bbb09c5bf2721fd18903aec45ed1ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to analyze the quality and quantity of opportunities for motor stimulation in children in experiential contexts (school and family home) and its relation to motor behavior congenital blind inserted in regular public schools of Florianopolis. The study included five children from 36 to 70 months of age included in regular school in Florianópolis, SC with a diagnosis of congenital blindness. Opportunities for observation of motor stimulation in experiential contexts of the school (classroom, cafeteria, game room, physical education), was employed naturalistic observation, and there are as individuals perform different types of activities, the different types of movements and how they characterize their interpersonal relationships. . Through AHEMD - SR, it was distributed as the quality and quantity of opportunities for motor stimulation in the context of the family house children in the study. The results found by observation shows that children's research showed little movement in all contexts of school, no significant difference between the movements in the classroom and play space as well as between type of activity in physical education and cafeteria . There were no significant differences in interpersonal relations in physical education when compared with the game space. Through descriptive analysis at the family home data from this research also show that the environment provides little opportunity for quality and quantity of infant stimulation, especially for fine motor and wide. Therefore, both the school environment and family characteristics have not stimulating enough appropriate for this population given the fact that visual impairment imposes restrictions on the ability of free, secure and confident child in the environment in which it operates, which may constitute one of its limitations affecting their motor and social skills. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade e quantidade de oportunidades de estimulação motora infantil nos contextos vivenciais (escola e casa familiar) e sua relação com o comportamento motor da criança deficiente visual congênita inserida na rede pública de ensino regular de Florianópolis. Participaram do estudo cinco crianças de 36 a 70 meses de idade incluídas na rede regular de ensino do município de Florianópolis -SC com diagnóstico de deficiência visual congênita. Para observação das oportunidades de estimulação motora nos contextos vivenciais da escola (sala de aula, refeitório, espaço de jogo, educação física), foi empregada a observação naturalística, verificando-se como os indivíduos realizam os diferentes tipos de atividades, os diferentes tipos de movimentos e como se caracterizam suas relações interpessoais. . Por meio do AHEMD SR, verificou-se como se distribuem a qualidade e quantidade de oportunidades de estimulação motora no contexto casa familiar das crianças do estudo. Os resultados encontrados por meio da observação mostram que as crianças da pesquisa apresentaram pouca locomoção em todos os contextos da escola, não havendo diferença significativa entre os movimentos na sala de aula e espaço de jogo bem como entre tipo de atividade na educação física e no refeitório. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas nas relações interpessoais na educação física quando comparada com o espaço de jogo. Através da análise descritiva na casa familiar os dados desta pesquisa mostram também que o ambiente proporciona pouca qualidade e quantidade de oportunidade de estimulação infantil, principalmente para motricidade fina e ampla. Portanto, tanto o ambiente escolar e familiar não apresentam características estimuladoras suficientemente adequadas para esta população haja visto que a deficiência visual impõe restrições à capacidade de movimento livre, seguro e confiante da criança no ambiente em que se insere, o que pode constituir uma de suas limitações, afetando suas aptidões motoras e sociais.

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Thesis (D.Phil.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010 / Due to various reasons, today’s learners lead a passive life that results in movement deprivation and poor motor development. Motor development contributes to cognitive development, which can also contribute to school readiness. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, researchers have indicated that there is an increase of learners with motor problems, which can develop into learning problems. The primary aim of the study was to determine the influence of a 10 week Judo intervention programme on Grade 1 learners with motor restraints. The formal standardised test, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) with its eight subscales, was used for this purpose. A total of 140 learners took part in the programme: 70 learners formed part of the control group and 70 learners formed part of the experimental group. All the learners took part in the pre- and post-tests (the BOTMP). The experimental group took part in the Judo intervention programme. The importance of Judo with regard to motor aspects has been highlighted. It promotes self-confidence and self-control, and has a significant influence on learning behaviour and learning of movement. This sport emphasises body awareness and spatial orientation, and develops sensory-motor activities, as well as cognitive and physical movements. Furthermore, Judo consists of a great number of motor movements and, as a result of this diversity, the participant develops on a motor, cognitive, social and emotional level. To determine whether the Judo intervention programme had any impact on the learners, t-tests were applied. These tests were done on independent and nonindependent groups. The data was statistically processed and depicted in table or graph format. The results indicated a significant improvement in five of the eight subscales of the BOTMP. The motor variates that showed improvement were balance, bilateral coordination, reaction speed, visual motor control, and upper limb speed and dexterity. The means were statistically different on the 5% level. Furthermore, the average of two variates differed on a 1% level, namely balance and bilateral coordination. Running speed and agility, as well as strength, did not show significant signs of improvement. From the results, it can be concluded that an affordable and achievable Judo intervention programme has a significant impact on the gross, gross-fine and fine motor development of Grade 1 learners with motor restraints. The study indicated that Judo as a sport indeed has an effect on the motor skills of these learners. It is recommended that such a programme should be marketed to educators and be included in the Life Orientation Programme.

The VAT treatment of over-allowances in the motor retail industry has proved contentious for South African Revenue Services (“SARS”). VAT legislation dictates that notional VAT may be claimed on the lower of the open market value and the consideration paid. The industry, however, claims notional VAT on the actual consideration paid for a used vehicle on the basis that a higher output VAT will be declared on the consequent sale of the new vehicle. This is because the over-allowance is offset against the lower discount granted. SARS allows this practice on account of SARS’ own issuance of a binding general ruling, provided certain criteria are met. This ruling is contained in the VAT Guide to Motor Dealers. This study performs an analysis of the current practice by South African motor retailers pertaining to over-allowances. The aim of the study is to determine the impact on the industry of the issuance of the Guide, both practically and from the perspective of compliance, focussing on VAT legislation and Competition Commission legislation. The study discusses the requirements contained in the Guide in the light of the Competitions Act and the practical benefits, and concludes that the industry is satisfied with the issuance of the Guide, despite its silence on the interpretation of certain key criteria. The industry has chosen to assume that, as SARS has acted reasonably in the issuance of the Guide, it would not expect the industry to deviate from any other legislation, including the Competitions Act. If SARS is not satisfied with this interpretation, the Guide will have to be amended to include definitions of terms such as “permissible discount”. AFRIKAANS : Die hantering van die toelating van oormatige BTW in die motorvoertuig-kleinhandelsindustrie is, insover dit die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (“SAID”) betref, omstrede. BTW-wetgewing bepaal dat geagte BTW gehef mag word op die laagste van ope markwaarde en die werklike bedrag betaal. In die motorvoertuigindustrie word BTW egter altyd gehef op die werklike bedrag betaal vir ‘n gebruikte voertuig met die veronderstelling dat hoër uitset BTW verklaar gaan word met die verkoop van ‘n nuwe voertuig wat die inruiltransaksie tot gevolg gaan hê. Daar word geredeneer dat die oortoelating van BTW uitgekanselleer gaan word deur ‘n laer afslag op die nuwe verkope. As gevolg van bindende bepalings in die BTW Handleiding vir Motorhandelaars, wat uitgereik is deur die SAID en die nakoming van sekere voorwaardes deur die motorhandelaars, laat die SAID hierdie praktyk toe. In hierdie mini-verhandeling word die vereistes wat in die Handleiding vervat is teen die agtergrond van die Wet op Mededinging en die praktiese voordele daarvan bespreek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die motorvoertuigindustrie tevrede is met die uitreiking van die Handleiding vir motorhandelaars ongeag die feit dat sekere sleutel aspekte nie in die Handleiding voldoende toegelig word nie. Die motorindustrie het die aanname gemaak dat SAID redelikerwys opgetree het deur die Handleiding uit te reik en sal daarom nie verwag dat die industrie van enige ander wetgewing sal afwyk nie, insluitende die Wet op Mededinging. As die SAID nie tevrede is met hierdie interpretasie nie sal dit beteken dat die Handleiding aangepas sal moet word om ander relevante terminologieë soos “toelaatbare afslag” beter te omskryf en te verduidelik. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Coventry, MA 2011, A critical analysis of the VAT implications of over-allowances in the South African motor retail industry, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03092012-112915 / > F12/4/77/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted