The subject of the diploma thesis will be the analysis of nursery schools as an independent institution providing education and training of preschool children. Special attention will be paid to verifying the readiness of Czech nursery schools for the education of foreign children. The aim of the work is to reveal the limits and readiness of selected Prague nursery schools for the education of children from different cultures. Part of the work will be own field research carried out through interviews between teachers and children of kindergartens and participatory observation.

1 Abstract Migration has been an inherent part of population development, and due to its role in shaping settlement system and societal changes also one of the key research interests of social geography. Due to the political regime and the limited movement across state borders, attention was predominantly given to internal migration in Czechia in the second half of the 20th century. Conversely, international migration has only been coming to the fore of academic debate since the 1990s. Despite the broad diversity of aspects of international migration in Czechia and the fact that the city has traditionally been the environment associated with the majority of immigrant population, little consideration has been given to the deeper understanding of the relationship between international migration, the presence of foreign citizens and the urban environment, especially foreigners' influence on socio-spatial differentiation and on social environment of particular urban locales. Czechia is a specific case: a country which was isolated from international migration for four decades became one of the main immigration countries in the post-socialist Central Europe after 1989. It represents a unique occasion to investigate the connection between international migration and the city in a previously unexplored environment...

1 University education of foreigners in the Czech Republic Abstract The thesis examines evolution, trends and structures of foreigners in tertiary education sector in the Czech Republic and at the same time aims at finding common aspects or differences between students with Czech citizenship and without it. In the theoretical part of examining university education for foreigners the concept of third demographic transition has been applied. The Associated Student Register Information (SIMS) has been used as the main data source. In this thesis, the analysis is based on individual anonymized data of graduates in the period between 2001 and 2017. The analysis focuses on net duration of study with such independent variables as gender, age, study field, form of study, type of university and citizenship. The analytical part also examines the relationship between gender and its possible dependence on citizenship, study field and on the net duration of study. One of the conclusions of this work is that the number of Czech students has been progressively decreasing in the last few years, while the number of foreign students in the Czech Republic is growing. Still, the net duration of study is shorter for Czech graduates than for foreigners, with an exception of Slovak students with a shorter net duration of study...

[pt] Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo classificar o ato de fala ordem utilizado por militares do Exército Brasileiro em interações cotidianas com suas características interacionais e culturais subjacentes, a fim de colaborar para a melhoria do ensino do português brasileiro para alunos estrangeiros militares. Para tal, a fundamentação teórica desta tese se concentra em uma abordagem de ordem interdisciplinar e se baseia na relação de interface entre o Interculturalismo; a Pragmática e a interação no discurso; além de categorias gramaticais do português brasileiro. O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa de base qualitativa no âmbito da microanálise etnográfica, do tipo direta ou participante, em que se analisa o ato de fala ordem no âmbito militar por meio de gravação em áudio de quatro situações problema em que os participantes simulam interações nas quais ocorre o ato de fala em questão. Para tanto, levam-se em consideração nessas situações variáveis contextuais como distância de poder, distância social e urgência da execução da ordem, tais como propostas por Brown e Levinson (1987) e Hofstede (2010). Os resultados apontam que o uso de estratégias de polidez para minimizar o ato de ameaça a face da ordem ocorre quando, pelo menos uma das variáveis interacionais apresenta-se na situação. Portanto, esta pesquisa identifica e classifica os tipos de ordem enunciados em ambiente militar de acordo com variáveis situacionais específicas. Dessa maneira, o professor de PL2E tem subsídios e embasamento teórico para transmitir ao seu aluno tanto as especificidades linguísticas quanto as culturais do idioma estrangeiro ensinado, contribuindo no consequente desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos alunos. / [en] This work aims mainly to classify the speech act of order performed by soldiers in the Brazilian Army taking into account interactional and cultural aspects underlying this type of utterance, in order to promote the viability of a more effective Portuguese language teaching method for foreign soldiers. Thus, the theoretical foundation of this paper is based on an interdisciplinary approach that emphasizes the interface between intercultural and interactional aspects from a pragmatic perspective. This study consists of a qualitative research that uses direct ethnographic microanalysis to examine the speech act of order in the military environment recorded in four situations of case study in which volunteers participate in interactions where the speech act is present. Therefore, in such circumstances, contextual variables such as power distance, social distance and urgency to carry out orders are considered according to what is proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and Hofstede (2010). The results point to the use of strategies of politeness to minimize the act of threat when an order is given, and they indicate that there is always at least one of the following interactional variables: short hierarchical distance, close social proximity and non-urgency of order. In this manner, Portuguese teachers are have resources and theoretical foundation to convey to their students both idioms and cultural idiosyncrasies of the language they are teaching, and improve students language skills. / [es] Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo clasificar el acto de habla orden empleado por militares del Ejército Brasileño en interacciones cotidianas con sus características interaccionales y culturales implícitas, a fin de que se colabore a la mejoría de la enseñanza del portugués brasileño a los alumnos extranjeros militares. Para ello, la fundamentación teórica de esta tesis se concentra en un abordaje de orden interdisciplinario y se basa en la relación entre el Interculturalismo; la Pragmática y la interacción en el discurso; además de categorías gramaticales del portugués brasileño. El estudio consiste en una investigación de base cualitativa en el ámbito del microanálisis etnográfico, del tipo directo o participante, en el que se analiza el acto de habla orden en el ámbito militar por medio de grabaciones en audio de cuatro situaciones problema en las que los participantes simulan interacciones en las cuales ocurre dicho acto de habla. Para ello, se consideran en esas situaciones variables contextuales como distancia de poder, distancia social y prisa de la ejecución de la orden, tales como propuestas por Brown y Levinson (1987) y Hofstede (2010). Los resultados señalan que el uso de estrategias de cortesía para minimizar el acto de amenaza a la cara de la orden ocurre cuando, por lo menos una de las variables interaccionales se presentan en la situación. Por lo tanto, esta investigación identifica y clasifica los tipos de orden enunciados en ambiente militar de acuerdo con variables situacionales específicas. De esa manera, el profesor de PL2E tiene subsidios y base teórica para transmitir a su alumno tanto las especificidades lingüísticas como las culturales del idioma extranjero enseñado, contribuyendo en el consecuente desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los alumnos.

The number of immigrants has been increasing in the Czech Republic. Along with adult immigrants come also their children and this causes an increase of foreigners in Czech schools. In this diploma thesis it is examined, in what way Prague primary schools cope with the increase of children foreigners in their classrooms. Through interviews and questionnaire survey it is observed what opinions and beliefs are taken by representatives of primary schools in Prague on the issue of foreigners in education, whether they have any specific conceptions that focus on helping foreigners with integration into the Czech school system and at the same time into the majority society. Considering the fact that the process of integration is complicated and during the process a number of obstacles usually occur, it depends not only on the activities of each particular school, but also on the degree of support from the state, and on a child-foreigner himself and on his family, whether the process of integration will eventually be successful or not. For these reasons in the diploma thesis there is also examined the legislative framework defining the issue of education and integration of children-foreigners, financial and methodological support for schools by the Ministry of Education, and the role of children-foreigners and...

This thesis based on an archive research as well as interviews with eleven interviewees describes aspects of every day routine in the lives of western foreigners in Czechoslovakia during the nineteen-seventies and eighties. Testimonies of the interviewees are set in context where a special emphasis is placed on legislation and internal regulations mostly of bodies of the Ministry of Interior concerning Czechoslovak visa policy, the status of foreigner in relation to Czechoslovakian citizens (marriages) and the police apparatus (observing, tailing and monitoring). Based on the testimonies and the archive material it can be concluded that the Czechoslovakian regime did not see the western foreigners as a priori ideological enemies and tolerated their presence in Czechoslovakia. Bureaucratic procedures, however, were set in such a fashion that the foreigners could be closely observed. A fear of not having their stay extended, resp. being expelled, often led those interviewees who wanted to live in Czechoslovakia permanently to subconsciously avoid conflicts with the regime. All interviewees are critical of the former regime and are able to accurately characterize its nature and its main negative aspects, but at the same time they perceived positively certain aspects of life in the brought-into-line...

This diploma thesis deals with the school climate in the context of pupils with different mother tongues and the process of integrating pupils with different mother tongues into the school. The practical research examines a specific Prague primary school, which is attended by a large number of pupils with different mother tongues, and the school has therefore long-term been involved in the integration and education of pupils with different mother tongues. The aim of the thesis is to describe the process of integration and to monitor the support in education and adaptation of pupils with different mother tongues. The aim of the thesis is to find out what help is beneficial for these pupils and also to find out what is the view of teachers, parents and pupils of a specific school on the presence of pupils with different mother tongues in the school. The empirical part of the work uses methods of quantitative and qualitative research. The research was conducted using the interview method with the coordinator of pupils with different mother tongues and selected pupils with different mother tongues. A questionnaire survey was conducted among teachers, pupils and parents at the school. The questionnaire was distributed to parents in Czech, Chinese and Vietnamese. Based on the research results, specific...

[pt] O presente estudo se propôs a investigar as possibilidades de uso do gênero musical samba-exaltação como ferramenta didática em aulas de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros. Ressaltamos que nosso enfoque se voltou aos sambas-exaltação provenientes das agremiações carnavalescas as quais promovem desfiles de escolas de samba durante os festejos do carnaval, celebração conhecida internacionalmente. Iniciamos o estudo tendo em mente o objetivo de observar as identidades dos sujeitos presentes nos sambas-exaltação, música que faz parte do carnaval e possui forte representatividade para os brasileiros frequentadores de escolas de samba. Defendemos que a leitura desse gênero textual pode ser uma ferramenta para conhecer as subjetividades do brasileiro nesse contexto, compreendendo, outrossim, sua relação com o carnaval protagonizado pelas escolas de samba e as razões que o levam a fazer parte deste grupo social. Realizamos uma análise qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, em sambas-exaltação de escolas provenientes das cinco regiões do Brasil, contemplando diferentes cidades: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife, Corumbá, Uruguaiana e Manaus. A fim de esmiuçar as letras, organizamos a pesquisa em quatro categorias, investigadas separadamente: Relação estabelecida entre o sujeito e a escola; Relação estabelecida entre passado e presente; Sentimentos que conectam o sujeito à escola; Relação entre sujeito e espaço. Os resultados finais indicam o potencial do gênero musical para o ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros, razão pela qual propomos que seja uma possível ferramenta de trabalho disponível para o docente. Concluímos que as letras estudadas oferecem um rico recurso para unir o ensino da gramática e do léxico aos processos de (des)construção da imagem que o estrangeiro pode realizar sobre os brasileiros, ressaltando que o samba-exaltação revela identidades e emoções compartilhadas coletivamente pelos componentes, nos bastidores do carnaval, longe do espetáculo. Como referencial teórico, baseamo-nos nas concepções de Cultura abordadas por Hall (1959), Singer (2000), Laraia (2002), Williams (2007) e Hofstede, Hofstede e Minkov (2010). Para tratar de Interculturalidade, contamos com as abordagens de Peterson (2004), Bennett (1998) e Hofstede, Hofstede e Minkov (2010). As noções de Identidade são embasadas nas perspectivas de Bauman (2005). / [en] The present study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using exultation samba as a didactic tool in classes of Portuguese as a Second Language for Foreigners. We emphasize here that our focus turned to exultation sambas from carnival associations which promote samba school parades during the carnival festivities, a celebration known internationally. This study was designed to observe the identities of subjects who are part of exultation samba, a kind of music that is deeply representative of Brazilian carnival. We argue that reading the lyrics of this textual genre can be a tool to understand the subjectivity of Brazilians in this context and their reasons for participating in this social group. We conducted qualitative and exploratory analysis with exultation sambas that represent samba schools from five regions of Brazil, looking at different Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife, Corumbá, Uruguaiana and Manaus. Considering our objectives of observing the lyrics, we organized the research into four categories, investigated separately: Relation established between the subject and the samba school, Relation established between past and present, Feelings that connect subject and samba school, Relation between subject and space. The final results indicate the potential of exultation samba to teaching Portuguese as a Second Language to Foreigners, which is the reason why we propose that exultation samba is a possible tool for teachers. We conclude that the lyrics studied offer a rich resource to unite the teaching of grammar and lexicon to the processes of (de)construction of the understanding that the foreigner has about Brazilians. It emphasizes that the exultation samba reveals identities and emotions shared collectively by the components, backstage at carnival, away from the show. As a theoretical framework, we are based on the conceptions of Culture addressed by Hall (1959), Singer (2000), Laraia (2002), Williams (2007) and Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010). To deal with Interculturality, we rely on the approaches of Peterson (2004), Bennett (1998) and Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010). The notions of Identity are based on Bauman s (2005) perspectives.

[pt] Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a aspectualidade do Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo (PPC) no português brasileiro, destacando a relevância desse tempo verbal para a área de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). A partir de um aparato teórico-metodológico funcionalista, desenvolve-se uma análise do comportamento semântico-pragmático e sintático de quarenta e duas predicações com essa perífrase verbal. Na conjugação de informações de natureza semântica, pragmática e sintática, verifica-se que um mesmo predicador, ao formar predicações com o PPC, pode agenciar aspectualidades distintas, graças à configuração semântica e inter-relação dos argumentos nucleares no contexto em que ocorrem. Além disso, constata-se a interferência dos argumentos não nucleares (satélites) na aspectualidade da predicação com o PPC. Desse modo, evidencia-se que tanto as informações semânticas inerentes ao lexema verbal (Aktionsart/Modo de Ação), como também ao aspecto gramatical (Aspekt/Aspecto), não são suficientes para a determinação da aspectualidade das predicações com o PPC: o uso de um predicador atélico com o PPC, por exemplo, não agencia uma aspectualidade única e exclusivamente durativa. Considerando-se estas e outras constatações, elabora-se um quadro esquemático para o tratamento da aspectualidade do PPC com base em um conjunto de parâmetros semântico-aspectuais. Consequentemente, este trabalho traz subsídios para os profissionais da área de PL2E que frequentemente lidam com o ensino desse tempo verbal a falantes não nativos de língua portuguesa. / [en] The object of the present work is to provide a description of the aspectuality of the Pretérito Perfeito Composto (PPC) in Brazilian Portuguese and highlight the importance of this verb tense in the field of Portuguese as a Second Language (PL2). On the basis of a functionalist theoretical and methodological apparatus, the semantic-pragmatic and syntactic behavior of forty-two predications with this verbal periphrasis is analyzed. Through the conjugation of semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic information, it is verified that a same verbal predicator, due to the configuration of its nuclear arguments and their relations in the context they occur, can promote distinct aspectualities. Moreover, the interference of non-nuclear arguments (satellites) in the aspectuality of the predications using the PPC is also noted. Consequently, it is observed that the semantic information inherent to a verbal lexeme (i.e. its Aktionsart/Mode of Action), as well as the information related to grammatical aspect (i.e. its Aspekt/Aspect) are not sufficient to determine the aspectuality of predications in the PPC: the use of an atelic predicator in the PPC, for instance, does not promote a solely and exclusively durative aspectuality. In the light of these findings, among others, a framework for the aspectuality of the PPC is designed, based on a set of semantic-aspectual parameters. Therefore, this present work offers some resources for professionals in the field of PL2, who frequently deal with the teaching of this verb tense to non-speakers of Portuguese.

[pt] Este estudo, destinado ao ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E), visa à descrição e à sistematização dos usos dos verbos ser e estar articulados a sintagma nominal, sintagma adjetival e sintagma preposicional com base no corpus que compreende 7 episódios da primeira temporada do programa Os Normais, exibida pela Rede Globo de Televisão, no ano de 2001. A análise, orientada por pressupostos funcionalistas, procura evidenciar as condições semântico-sintáticas e sociocognitivas (contextuais) que determinam a seleção entre ser e estar, assumindo como pressuposto básico o caráter significativo e multifuncional dessas formas. Assim, mostramos que os referidos verbos tomam parte na construção do significado das orações em que figuram e que desempenham funções discursivas. Nossa análise permite-nos concluir que são três as ordens de fatores nas quais se baseia a seleção entre ser e estar: a estruturação semântico-sintática da oração; o conjunto de pressupostos que constituem os contextos socicognitivos dos interlocutores; e as funções discursivas a que servem esses verbos. / [en] This study, to be used in the teaching of Portuguese as a Second Language for Foreigners (PSLF), aims at the description and systematization of the uses of the verbs ser and estar connected to a nominal syntagm, to an adjectival syntagm and to a prepositional syntagm. The corpus include 7 episodes of the first season of the sitcom Os Normais, exhibited by the Rede Globo TV Network, in 2001. The analysis, carried out based on funcionalist principles, sought to show the semantic-syntatic and sociocognitive conditions (contextual) that determine the selection between ser and estar, adopting as assumption the meaningful and multifunctional nature from these forms. Therefore, we show that the above-mentioned verbs take part in the construction of the meaning of clauses wherein they occur and that they perform discourse functions. Our analysis enable us to conclude that there are three the types of factors in which the choise between ser and estar is based: the semantic-syntatic structure of the clause; the set of assumptions that constitute the sociocognitve contexts of the speakers; and the discursive functions that these verbs serve.