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An evaluation of stakeholder involvement in the B.C. Ministry of Forests planning processDuffy, Dorli M. 05 1900 (has links)
Disputes over forest land use and forest land management continue despite a formal planning process administered by the Ministry of Forests that is designed to achieve integrated resource use planning on B.C. Crown lands. These disputes result in costly and time-consuming delays in the completion and implementation of forestry plans. Calls continue for improved stakeholder participation and effective resolution of disputes and conflicts by the Ministry of Forests. At the same time, there is growing interest among decision-makers in alternative dispute resolution strategies, and particularly in the opportunities associated with consensus-based decision-making. The primary purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the Ministry of Forests forest planning process to determine if inadequacies in the institutional arrangements contribute to inadequate stakeholder involvement, thereby contributing to ongoing forestry disputes. Through a review of literature on participatory democracy and conflict management, twelve normative criteria are extracted, comprising elements of a planning and decision-making process which contribute to fairness, efficiency and stability in decision-making. These criteria are applied to the Ministry of Forests planning framework. Generally, the current planning framework proves inadequate in terms of making provisions for stakeholder involvement and conflict management. Decision-making by government provides limited opportunities for stakeholder involvement. Reforms to the planning process are necessary if fair, efficient and stable decisions are to be realized. Legislation must be amended to provide for meaningful stakeholder involvement, an appeal process and improved access to information. A comprehensive planning document which clearly defines the planning and decision-making processes is required. It should also clearly outline stakeholder involvement opportunities, key decision points and the appeal process. Provisions are required for intervenor funding, written reasons for decisions and effective monitoring of decision implementation. These revisions will contribute to a process which builds trust, relationships and understanding between forestry stakeholders in an effort to reduce forestry conflicts and disputes in this province.
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Openings in the forest economy : a case study of small forest operators in the Bulkley Valley, BC, CanadaBronson, Elizabeth Anne 05 1900 (has links)
The thesis is an exploration of the current role of the small business forest sector in
hinterland forest communities, and the extent to which their economic and social positions
correspond to the role envisioned for them by two prevailing visions of the future of the forest
industry. One, advocated by Canadian political economists, predicts a continuation, indeed
an intensification of corporate concentration, with attendant downsizing and job losses.
Corporate restructuring is seen in part to induce small business development, through subcontracting
arrangements and local entrepreneurialism, as a response to losses of core forest
industry jobs. The second interpretation, advocated by the alternative forestry school, views
the current crisis in the forest industry as an opportunity to return to decentralised approaches
to ecologically-based forest management which encourage 'democracy in the forests', leading
to community and environmental sustainability. Local entrepreneurs are an important part of
this new 'value-based' forest economy.
Interviews with small forest operators reveal a diversity of economic and social
identities that do not conform well to either of the positions ascribed to small business by
the Canadian political economy or alternative forestry literatures. The representations of
small business found in these two literatures homogenize and suppress this diversity,
making it difficult to 'see' small forest operators as anything other than contractors to the
conventional system of corporate forestry, or alternative operators in an ecosystem- and
community-based forest economy.
In the place of these singular, marginalizing representations, I argue, using
poststructural and feminist approaches to economic geography, for a 'third way' of
exploring small forest operator subjectivities through overdetermined multiple class
processes. Exploring small forest operator identity through multiple class processes avoids
the essentialism found in fixed representations. It recognizes the transformative potential of
small business in the forest economy, without denying the potential for exploitation that
exists both within small business and corporate forestry. Class processes rendered invisible
in the Canadian political economy and alternative forestry narratives, such as unpaid labour
performed by family members and volunteer work in local planning processes, as well as
work performed for wages and profit, are considered in this multiple class processes
approach.
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An evaluation of stakeholder involvement in the B.C. Ministry of Forests planning processDuffy, Dorli M. 05 1900 (has links)
Disputes over forest land use and forest land management continue despite a formal planning process administered by the Ministry of Forests that is designed to achieve integrated resource use planning on B.C. Crown lands. These disputes result in costly and time-consuming delays in the completion and implementation of forestry plans. Calls continue for improved stakeholder participation and effective resolution of disputes and conflicts by the Ministry of Forests. At the same time, there is growing interest among decision-makers in alternative dispute resolution strategies, and particularly in the opportunities associated with consensus-based decision-making. The primary purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the Ministry of Forests forest planning process to determine if inadequacies in the institutional arrangements contribute to inadequate stakeholder involvement, thereby contributing to ongoing forestry disputes. Through a review of literature on participatory democracy and conflict management, twelve normative criteria are extracted, comprising elements of a planning and decision-making process which contribute to fairness, efficiency and stability in decision-making. These criteria are applied to the Ministry of Forests planning framework. Generally, the current planning framework proves inadequate in terms of making provisions for stakeholder involvement and conflict management. Decision-making by government provides limited opportunities for stakeholder involvement. Reforms to the planning process are necessary if fair, efficient and stable decisions are to be realized. Legislation must be amended to provide for meaningful stakeholder involvement, an appeal process and improved access to information. A comprehensive planning document which clearly defines the planning and decision-making processes is required. It should also clearly outline stakeholder involvement opportunities, key decision points and the appeal process. Provisions are required for intervenor funding, written reasons for decisions and effective monitoring of decision implementation. These revisions will contribute to a process which builds trust, relationships and understanding between forestry stakeholders in an effort to reduce forestry conflicts and disputes in this province. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Openings in the forest economy : a case study of small forest operators in the Bulkley Valley, BC, CanadaBronson, Elizabeth Anne 05 1900 (has links)
The thesis is an exploration of the current role of the small business forest sector in
hinterland forest communities, and the extent to which their economic and social positions
correspond to the role envisioned for them by two prevailing visions of the future of the forest
industry. One, advocated by Canadian political economists, predicts a continuation, indeed
an intensification of corporate concentration, with attendant downsizing and job losses.
Corporate restructuring is seen in part to induce small business development, through subcontracting
arrangements and local entrepreneurialism, as a response to losses of core forest
industry jobs. The second interpretation, advocated by the alternative forestry school, views
the current crisis in the forest industry as an opportunity to return to decentralised approaches
to ecologically-based forest management which encourage 'democracy in the forests', leading
to community and environmental sustainability. Local entrepreneurs are an important part of
this new 'value-based' forest economy.
Interviews with small forest operators reveal a diversity of economic and social
identities that do not conform well to either of the positions ascribed to small business by
the Canadian political economy or alternative forestry literatures. The representations of
small business found in these two literatures homogenize and suppress this diversity,
making it difficult to 'see' small forest operators as anything other than contractors to the
conventional system of corporate forestry, or alternative operators in an ecosystem- and
community-based forest economy.
In the place of these singular, marginalizing representations, I argue, using
poststructural and feminist approaches to economic geography, for a 'third way' of
exploring small forest operator subjectivities through overdetermined multiple class
processes. Exploring small forest operator identity through multiple class processes avoids
the essentialism found in fixed representations. It recognizes the transformative potential of
small business in the forest economy, without denying the potential for exploitation that
exists both within small business and corporate forestry. Class processes rendered invisible
in the Canadian political economy and alternative forestry narratives, such as unpaid labour
performed by family members and volunteer work in local planning processes, as well as
work performed for wages and profit, are considered in this multiple class processes
approach. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate
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The situation and the evolution of forest management by Aboriginal people in British ColumbiaHasegawa, Atsuko 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis addresses the situation of First Nations people in forestry of British
Columbia. Aboriginal people in British Columbia have been involved in the forest industry
as laborers since the 1850s when the commercial logging operations began in the province,
but have been politically and economically marginalized in the industry. The institutional
and economic factors not only have restricted aboriginal people to control over forest
resources on their traditional lands but have affected their forest management practices. For
aboriginal communities, it is a critical issue that protecting old growth forests, with which
they are culturally associated, without giving up economic benefit generated from harvesting
these forests.
In order to suggest possible changes and approaches for shaping native forest
management in the existing institutional and economic frameworks, I examined the issues of
provincial forestry and analyzed how these issues effect and interact with aboriginal people.
It is important but difficult for First Nations to obtain forest tenure because their resource
management is related to their land rights. However, the issues of aboriginal people in
forestry overlap with those of the province. Thus, perspectives and participation of
aboriginal people is critical for the government and the industry. Forestry of British
Columbia is in transition and has begun to consider the potential contribution of aboriginal
people to sustainable forestry. Therefore, aboriginal people have a significant role to play
in the future of forestry.
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The situation and the evolution of forest management by Aboriginal people in British ColumbiaHasegawa, Atsuko 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis addresses the situation of First Nations people in forestry of British
Columbia. Aboriginal people in British Columbia have been involved in the forest industry
as laborers since the 1850s when the commercial logging operations began in the province,
but have been politically and economically marginalized in the industry. The institutional
and economic factors not only have restricted aboriginal people to control over forest
resources on their traditional lands but have affected their forest management practices. For
aboriginal communities, it is a critical issue that protecting old growth forests, with which
they are culturally associated, without giving up economic benefit generated from harvesting
these forests.
In order to suggest possible changes and approaches for shaping native forest
management in the existing institutional and economic frameworks, I examined the issues of
provincial forestry and analyzed how these issues effect and interact with aboriginal people.
It is important but difficult for First Nations to obtain forest tenure because their resource
management is related to their land rights. However, the issues of aboriginal people in
forestry overlap with those of the province. Thus, perspectives and participation of
aboriginal people is critical for the government and the industry. Forestry of British
Columbia is in transition and has begun to consider the potential contribution of aboriginal
people to sustainable forestry. Therefore, aboriginal people have a significant role to play
in the future of forestry. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate
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Stream channel morphology : comparison of logged and unlogged watersheds in the Queen Charlotte IslandsHogan, Daniel Lewis January 1985 (has links)
This study compares the morphology of coastal, gravel-bed streams in two unlogged and two logged Queen Charlotte Islands watersheds. This comparison quantifies the influence of logging and related activities on channel morphology and, consequently, the fresh water physical habitat of salmonids. Further, it provides a basis upon which to determine habitat rehabilitation criteria for disturbed channels. Pools and riffles are detailed because: a) they reflect changes in sediment supply; b) they are important fish habitats, and; c) their general character has been documented in previously published literature allowing application of geomorphological results to habitat evaluation.
Longitudinal profiles conducted over relatively long channel segments located within each watershed indicate that channels in watersheds logged to the channel banks by old techniques have reduced pool-to-pool spacings and increased riffle amplitudes and magnitudes. There is an increase in channel stored sediment resulting in proportionally larger riffles and smaller pools. This represents a reduction in available rearing habitat. No significant differences exist in pool and riffle characteristics between unlogged watersheds and those logged by contemporary techniques. In all cases the pool and riffle character differed from most previously published results. Results obtained from detailed study reaches located within each channel segment show that large organic debris is a controlling factor influencing the morphology of these streams. Based upon a comparison of reaches, it is concluded that LOD characteristics are altered in the older logged channels. This includes a shift in the size distribution, with smaller material being more prevalent. Orientation of this material is also altered; more LOD is lying parallel to the flow direction, as opposed to the more common diagonal orientation found in unlogged channels. This shift in orientation is responsible for a reduction in channel width and depth variability, reduced sediment texture, fewer cut banks, smaller pool areas and decreased channel stability. This results in reduced habitat diversity and quality. No morphological differences were detected between unlogged and recently logged reaches.
The architecture of unlogged channels can be duplicated to rehabilitate disturbed streams. Pool and riffle sequences should be spaced approximately 2½ channel widths apart and riffle magnitudes should average 0.013 m/m. LOD should play a major role in rehabilitation. Long pieces of debris should be placed either diagonally across the channel to increase depth and width variability and to store sediment or parallel to the flow if width is to be reduced. Diversity can be increased by placing large root wads to produce small scour holes. Only small debris steps, accounting for approximately 10% of the overall change in elevation should be used. This comparative study of channel morphology emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating basin morphometric properties and the role of LOD orientation. Further, it indicates that previous studies reporting average values and neglecting LOD provide insufficient detail to quantify fish habitat. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate
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