Zugl.: Augsburg, University, Diss., 2006.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Virginia, 1998. / Description based on content as of June 1999. Title from title screen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1934. / "The major portion of this study is given to a critical review of English memoirs before 1740"--Introd. Bibliography: p. 169-176.

Thesis--Universität zu Köln, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references.

Universiẗat, Diss., 1991--Saarbrücken.

Med detta arbete har jag försökt besvara frågan om progressiv form har ökat eller minskat i engelska skönlitterära romaner sedan 1813 till 1913 och vidare till 2001. Arbetet omfattar litteraturstudier avseende progressiv form och olika tempus i engelska språket. Mitt syfte var förutom att studera texter för att besvara frågan om frekvensen av progressiv form att klargöra vad progressiv form är och vilka tempus som finns, samt att besvara frågan om när man som språkstuderande bör vara medveten om vilken betydelseskillnad som föreligger då man använder enkel respektive progressiv form. Den tendens jag har funnit är att progressiv form har ökat från år 1813 till år 1913 och ytterligare till år 2001. / A study of three extracts from three English novels from three centuries regarding verb aspect, i.e. the progressive form. The tendency is that the progressive form has increased from 1813 to 1913 and further to 2001.

Soit F ∈ Z[X1, . . . ,Xn] une forme décomposable, c’est-à-dire un polynôme homogène de degré d qui peut être factorisé en formes linéaires sur C. Notons NF (m) le nombre de solutions entières à l’inégalité |F(x)| ≤ m et VF (m) le volume de l’ensemble {x ∈ Rn :|F(x)| ≤ m}. En 2001, Thunder [19] a prouvé une conjecture de W.M. Schmidt, énonçant que, sous des conditions de finitude appropriées, on a NF (m) << m n/d où la constante implicite ne dépend que de n et d. En outre, il a montré une formule asymptotique NF (m) = m n/d V (F) + OF (m n/(d+n−2)) où, cependant, la constante implicite dépend de F. Dans des articles ultérieurs, la préoccupation de Thunder était d’obtenir une formule asymptotique similaire, mais avec la borne supérieure du terme d’erreur |NF (m) −m n/dV (F)| ne dépendant que de n et d. Dans [20] et [22], il a réussi à prouver que si gcd(n, d) = 1, la constante implicite dans le terme d’erreur peut en effet être fonction uniquement de n et d. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étendre les résultats de Thunder au cadre p-adique. `A savoir, nous sommes intéressés par les solutions à l’inégalité |F(x)| · |F(x)|p1 . . . |F(x)|pr ≤ m en x = (x1, x2, . . . ,xn) ∈ Zn avec gcd(x1, x2, . . . ,xn, p1 · · · pr) = 1. (5.4.9) où p1, . . . , pr sont des nombres premiers distincts et |·|p désigne la valeur absolue p-adique habituelle. Le chapitre 1 est consacré au cadre p-adique de ce problème et aux preuves des lemmes auxiliaires. Le chapitre 2 est consacré à l’extension des résultats de Thunder de [19]. Dans le chapitre 3, nous montrons l’effectivité de la condition sous laquelle le nombre de solutions de (5.4.9) est fini. Le chapitre 4 et le chapitre 5 généralisent les résultats de Thunder dans [20], [21] et [22]. / Let F ∈ Z[X1, . . . ,Xn] be a decomposable form, that is, a homogeneous polynomial of degree d which can be factored into linear forms over C. Denote by NF (m) the number of integer solutions to the inequality |F(x)| ≤ m and by VF (m) the volume of the set{x ∈ Rn : |F(x)| ≤ m}. In 2001, Thunder [19] proved a conjecture of W.M. Schmidt, stating that, under suitable finiteness conditions, one has NF (m) << mn/d where the implicit constant depends only on n and d. Further, he showed an asymptotic formula NF (m) = mn/dV (F) + OF (mn/(d+n−2)) where, however, the implicit constant depends on F. In subsequent papers, Thunder’s concern was to obtain a similar asymptotic formula, but with the upper bound of the error term |NF (m)−mn/dV (F)| depending only on n and d. In [20] and [22], hemanaged to prove that if gcd(n, d) = 1, the implicit constant in the error term can indeed be made depending only on n and d.The main objective of this thesis is to extend Thunder’s results to the p-adic setting. Namely, we are interested in solutions to the inequality |F(x)| · |F(x)|p1 . . . |F(x)|pr ≤ m in x = (x1, x2, . . . ,xn) ∈ Zn with gcd(x1, x2, . . . ,xn, p1 · · · pr) = 1. (5.4.3)where p1, . . . , pr are distinct primes and | · |p denotes the usual p-adic absolute value.Chapter 1 is devoted to the p-adic set-up of this problem and to the proofs of the auxiliary lemmas. Chapter 2 is devoted to extending Thunder’s results from [19]. In chapter 3, we show the effectivity of the condition under which the number of solutions of (5.4.3) is finite. Chapter 4 and chapter 5 generalize Thunder’s results from [20], [21] and [22].

The role of input and output in the acquisition of language has been a source of controversy in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. This present study aimed to investigate the relative effects of processing instruction (PI) as a type of input-based instruction and traditional instruction (TI) as a type of output-based instruction. Specifically, this experiment examined whether PI and TI bring about any improvement in comprehension and production of the Arabic subjunctive by beginner-level learners of Arabic. The PI instructional technique was based on the principles of input processing suggested by VanPatten (1993, 2002, 2004). It has three main elements: (a) an explicit explanation of grammar, (b) information on processing strategies, and (c) structured input activities. The study involved second semester students of Arabic and it aimed at assessing the impact of PI and traditional output instruction on the interpretation and production of the Arabic subjunctive on immediate and delayed posttests. One instructional package was developed for the PI group and another package was developed for the TI group. To assess the effects of instruction, a pretest/posttest/delayed posttest procedure with three tests was used. Each test included: 1) interpretation task with sixteen multiple choice items and 2) production task with sixteen sentence-completion items. The results from this study showed that participants who received PI outperformed participants from the TI as measured by Interpretation tasks of the subjunctive. However, the performance of both groups were statistically similar as was measured by the production tasks of the subjunctive. These results supported those of previous research that had compared PI with TI (Benati, 2001, 2005; Cadierno, 1995; VanPatten & Cadierno, 1993a, 1993b; VanPatten & Wong, 2004).

No description available.

The electromagnetic form factors are the most fundamental observables that encode information about the internal structure of the nucleon. The electric ($G_{E}$) and the magnetic ($G_{M}$) form factors contain information about the spatial distribution of the charge and magnetization inside the nucleon. A significant discrepancy exists between the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. Theoretical calculations estimating the magnitude of the TPE effect are highly model dependent, and limited experimental evidence for such effects exists. Experimentally, the TPE effect can be measured by comparing the ratio of positron-proton elastic scattering cross section to that of the electron-proton $\large(R = \frac{\sigma (e^{+}p)}{\sigma (e^{-}p)}\large)$. The ratio $R$ was measured over a wide range of kinematics, utilizing a 5.6 GeV primary electron beam produced by the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. This dissertation explored dependence of $R$ on kinematic variables such as squared four-momentum transfer ($Q^{2}$) and the virtual photon polarization parameter ($\varepsilon$). A mixed electron-positron beam was produced from the primary electron beam in experimental Hall B. The mixed beam was scattered from a liquid hydrogen (LH$_{2}$) target. Both the scattered lepton and the recoil proton were detected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The elastic events were then identified by using elastic scattering kinematics. This work extracted the $Q^{2}$ dependence of $R$ at high $\varepsilon$ ($\varepsilon > $ 0.8) and the $\varepsilon$ dependence of $R$ at $\langle Q^{2} \rangle \approx 0.85$ GeV$^{2}$. In these kinematics, our data confirm the validity of the hadronic calculations of the TPE effect by Blunden, Melnitchouk, and Tjon. This hadronic TPE effect, with additional corrections contributed by higher excitations of the intermediate state nucleon, largely reconciles the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors.