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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Matrix methods for computing Eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems of order four

Rattana, Amornrat, Böckmann, Christine January 2012 (has links)
This paper examines and develops matrix methods to approximate the eigenvalues of a fourth order Sturm-Liouville problem subjected to a kind of fixed boundary conditions, furthermore, it extends the matrix methods for a kind of general boundary conditions. The idea of the methods comes from finite difference and Numerov's method as well as boundary value methods for second order regular Sturm-Liouville problems. Moreover, the determination of the correction term formulas of the matrix methods are investigated in order to obtain better approximations of the problem with fixed boundary conditions since the exact eigenvalues for q = 0 are known in this case. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated.
132

Revisionspliktens avskaffande : Har de önskade effekterna uppnåtts i företagen? / The abolishment of statutory audit : Have the desired effects on businesses been achieved

Mistander, Cecilia, Saundersson, Filip January 2013 (has links)
Syfte:                        Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida avskaffandet av revisionsplikten fick de effekterna som önskades av EU samt Svenska regeringen, vilket var att minska de administrativa bördor och kostnader för mindre bolag. Det har nu gått en tid sen avskaffandet och det är nu möjligt att se vilka effekter som de berörda företagen har märkt av.  Metod:                        Undersökningen ämnade utföras med en kvantitativ metod med hjälp av enkäter. Men på grund av få respondenter och stort bortfall används istället en kvalitativ metod. Uppsatsen har en induktiv metod.  Slutsats:        Studien visar att alla de företag som ingick i undersökningen upplever en minskning av kostnaderna efter att revisionsplikten avskaffades, samt att majoriteten av företagen även anser att den administrativa bördan minskat. En del av företagen har valt att ta hjälp av konsulttjänster efter att de valt bort revison. / Objective:                  The study aims to investigate whether the abolishment of mandatory audit achieved the desired effects by the European Union and the Swedish government, the goals where to reduce administrative costs and bureaucracy for smaller companies. Some time has past since the abolishment and it is now possible to investigate which effects the companies have laid notice to. Methodology:            The study aimed to follow a quantitative method using surveys. Because of the high number of correspondents who did not answer the surveys, the study follows a qvalitativ method instead. The study also follows an inductive method. Conclusion:               We conclude that all companies who took part in the study experience a reduction in cost after the abolishment of mandatory audit, and that the majority of businesses also find that the administrative burden has decreased. Some businesses have chosen to take use consultancy services after they abolished audit.
133

Frequency changes and equilibria in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster with three lethal carrying fourth chromosomes

Södergren, Agneta January 1979 (has links)
Populations where three different lethals are segregating as alleles have been analysed for the conditions of equilibrium and for the trends during elimination of one allele. Early and late selection as well as sexdependent and sexindependent selection has been taken into consideration.Cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster with different fourth chromosome lethals have been followed and compared to the theoretical model. When two marker chromosomes (ciDpol and spaCat) and one out of four recessive lethal chromosomes l(4)5, 1(4)8, 1(4)10 or l(4)14 were used, the same marker chromosome (ciDpol) became extinct in all populations. Early and late selective values which were obtained directly from the populations were compared to estimates of fitness components obtained in specially designed experiments of viability, developmental rate, mating ability and fecundity. When two out of the four recessive lethals and the marker chromosome, spaCat , were combined in new populations, all populations attained equilibrium withôut extinction. A correlation was found between the time of death of the lethal homozygotes and the equilibrium genotype frequencies. Overall selective values at equilibrium were estimated. / digitalisering@umu
134

Fjärde generationen egna märkesvarors intåg i den svenska detaljhandeln : Kan det bli en framgång? / The fourth generation of private labelsentrance in Swedish retail : Will it be a success?

Sandelin, Nicolina, Thim, Nina January 2010 (has links)
Bakgrund: Idag satsar distributörerna i detaljhandeln på differentiering genom att lansera egna märkesvaror till flera olika segment och till högre priser. Detta brukar kallas den fjärde generationens EMV och det är ett relativt nytt koncept i Sverige i jämförelse med andra länder. Detaljhandelskedjan Axfood är en aktör som har inlett en utökning genom lanseringen av Garant som vi anser vara en EMV av fjärde generationen. Problem: Leverantörernas varumärken har under lång tid ansetts vara ”riktiga” märken medan distributörernas egna märkesvaror endast är för priskänsliga konsumenter. Tidigare studier visar att konsumenter är villiga att betala ett högre pris för LMV pga. att de har lyckats bygga starkare varumärken. Byggandet av positiva associationer till EMV anses ha hindrats av att detaljhandlarna inte har skapat något unikt med sina varor. Ur ett brand management perspektiv, måste företagen som ämnar lansera den fjärde generationens EMV skapa en ny image som skiljer sig från de tidigare generationernas egna märkesvaror för att bli av med sin lågprisprofil, och visa att de är likvärdiga de marknadsledande produkterna. Då EMV har visat sig vara framgångsrikt på den brittiska marknaden så kan det vara en bra utgångspunkt för att identifiera framgångsfaktorer. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att med hjälp av företaget Tesco på den brittiska marknaden identifiera framgångsfaktorer som kan tillämpas på den svenska marknaden för den fjärde generationens egna märkesvaror. Ett underliggande syfte är att undersöka om Garant kan anses vara en fjärde generationens märkesvara och i så fall hur konceptet kan använda sig av de framgångsfaktorer identifierade på den brittiska marknaden, för att lyckas i Sverige. Resultat: Vi bekräftar att Garant är en fjärde generationens EMV. Vi har sett att för att lyckas med den fjärde generationens egna märkesvaror, behöver man bidra med ett mervärde som kunden är beredd att betala ett högre pris för och att detaljisterna mer måste utnyttja den starka position de har på den svenska marknaden för att förbättra imagen runt EMV och mer specifikt för den fjärde generationen. / Background:Today, retail distributors are investing in differentiation by launching their own brands to various segments and to higher prices. This is known as the fourth generation of own brands and is a relatively new concept in Sweden in comparison with other countries. The retail chain Axfood is an actor who has started an expansion through the launch of the brand Garant that we consider to be a private label of the fourth generation. Problem: The suppliers’ brands have long been considered as the “real brands”, while the distributors' brands are only for price-sensitive consumers. Previous studies show that consumers are willing to pay a higher price due to that the suppliers have managed to build stronger brands. The creation of positive associations with own brands is considered to have been prevented by the fact that retailers have not created something unique with their products. From a brand management perspective, companies that intend to launch the fourth generation own brands need to create a new image different from the previous generations in order to get rid of their low price profile, and show that they are equivalent to the market leaders. Since private labels have proven to be a success on the British market, it is a logical starting point to investigate. Aim: Our aim is to explore the success factors for fourth generation private labels on the British market, with the help of the company Tesco, to apply on the Swedish market. The secondary aim is to see if the Swedish private label Garant could be considered to be a private label of the fourth generation, and if so, if the success factors can be applied. Results: We have found that to succeed with the fourth generation of own brands, value that the customer is willing to pay a higher price for, must be created, and that retailers must use their powerful position on the Swedish market in order to improve the image for own brands and more specifically the fourth generation.
135

Selection Process for Third and Fourth Grade African American Gifted and Talented: A Case Study in One Urban School District

Brazile, Ruth Delories 2010 August 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine teacher perceptions of third and fourth grade African American students who might be selected for the gifted and talented program. It is the first study concerning teachers’ perceptions of African American students in an urban school district with a relatively high representation of African American students and teachers in the gifted and talented program. The results showed the improvement in African American representation in gifted and talented programs that can result from positive teacher perceptions of African American students. Since these positive perceptions may be due, at least in part, to the high proportion of African American teachers in the school district under study, these results suggest a link between an increased proportion of African American teachers, positive teacher perceptions of African American students and an improvement in African American representation in gifted and talented programs. Public educational policy should strive to increase the proportion of African American teachers. This could be achieved by modifying standardized tests used for teacher certification, which researchers have shown to be biased against minority cultures, and also by university recruitment to attract African Americans to education. The results also suggest the need for increased levels of multicultural and urban courses as a standard part of pre-service teacher education. Quality instruction in these areas can contribute toward a greater understanding among teachers of the effect of culture in the classroom and, thereby reduce the tendency to form low expectations of African American and other minority students. This indulgence in deficit thinking needs an aggressive intervention before prospective teachers enter the classroom where some may propagate the detrimental effects of low teacher expectations on another generation of African American students. Increased levels of multicultural and urban education among teachers can also help teachers understand how to interact with African American parents in a constructive manner. This is an important step in creating a school environment, which encourages parental school involvement and, thereby allows African American students readily to enjoy more the academic benefits of parental involvement. When these steps are implemented, this may lead to an increase of African American students to the gifted and talented program.
136

Research on the May Fourth spirit and its influence in Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel.

Chang, chia-hui 06 September 2004 (has links)
The thesis is a study of the May Fourth Spirit in Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel. Her acceptance of the May Fourth literature thoughts and May Fourth women¡¦s novel had affect her writing. The first chapter is the research history of Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel and theory of this thesis: Aesthetics of reception, narratology and Feminist Literary Criticism. In the second chapter we research Lin Hai-yin¡¦s personal history during the time of May Fourth. The May Fourth Spirit had affect her vision, but because her marginal perspective, which made her novel more objective and unique. The third chapter is the influence of May Fourth women¡¦s novel in Lin¡¦s. On the theme, subject matter, writing strategy, she followed these writer¡¦s strategy, but present more profound thoughts which different from them. In the fourth chapter we discuss the plot and characters of Lin¡¦s novel. The narrator in Lin¡¦s novel is usually a woman. Through these women¡¦s eyes, we saw a women¡¦s world that has solid sisterhood. We also saw the faces of men in her novel which are weak and escape from making decision are not the same with the traditional men¡¦s character kinds. And there also shows her concern of society through these characters. The last chapter is discussing Lin¡¦s novel¡¦s acceptation and influences in Taiwan. In past criticism, her novel¡¦s theme had been seen like homesick. But the writing strategy of women during the anti-commu period is selected themes that considered not important, like love, marriage¡Ketc. to show they concerned society by these characters¡¦ fate. In conclusion we affirmed Lin Hai-yin¡¦s novel has great value, and she is one of the most important novelists in the 1950¡¦s age.
137

Numerical Computation for Nonlinear Beam Problems

Tsai, Siang-Yu 04 July 2005 (has links)
Beam problem is very important for engineering theoretically and practically. In this thesis we study such kind of nonlinear 4-th order ordiniary differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. The well-posedness of these boundary value problems will be discussed. Moreover, we will design different schemes to solve them, through differential equation, integral equation or minimization. Each type can further be discretized by finite difference, finite element or spectral method, etc. In the end we will compare all methods and find the best one.
138

Separating Computer Image Background and Foreground Via A Neural Network

Lin, Di-ren 11 July 2000 (has links)
None
139

none

O, Sue-Ching 26 July 2002 (has links)
none
140

A Study on the Balance between ¡§Secret Investigation ¡¨ Principle of Police Administration and ¡§Freedom of the Press¡¨ of the Mass Media

Sun, Li-Chieh 27 December 2007 (has links)
The two principles of ¡§secret investigation¡¨ and ¡§freedom of the press¡¨ are respectively the foundations of ¡§presumption of innocence,¡¨ a basic human right, and ¡§the right to know,¡¨ one of the basic citizen rights. The former principle guards against any sentence of suspects unreivewed by the juridical system and protects the reputation, privacy and other legal rights of all the related parties in the case. The latter are the fourth power apart from the executive, legislative and judicial branches. It allows for strict monitoring of the governmental performance and, therefore, prevents the government from abusing its powers. In practice, these two principles are rather complicatedly connected. This study begins by exploring the definition of investigation and, discussing the role and function of the police in the investigation process, and then introducing the basic ideas of the secret investigation principle. As for the freedom of the press, the study starts by explaining its meaning and introduces related theories, legal definition, protection and limitation. The study then continues with a discussion of press autonomy and information source of the press. At the end, the study provides analysis of the interviews to find out conflict and/or cooperation between the police and the media. The question raised in this study is ¡§How do the police respond to the requirements of the press freedom and protect the right to know without violating any legal regulation?¡¨ The methodology of this study is literature review of official documents and in-depth interview. The data collected from the literature review were compiled and rewritten into sixteen situation analysis tools, which were then reorganized into ten simulation cases. The cases were used as issue analysis tools in the in-depth interviews with the selected journalists and investigation squad chiefs. In the interview, the squad chiefs were asked what considerations or reactions they would have in each simulation case. The journalists were also asked what strategies or perspectives they would adopt in reporting each case. Comparisons were made to find out the differences and similarities between the squad chiefs and journalists in considering the same case so as to achieve maximum agreement between both sides under the premise of not breach any of the existing legal requirements. The study reached the following four conclusions: (1) the police should be educated about which action would violate the principle of secret investigation and what legal or administrative liability would ensue; (2) the police should understand the needs of the media and provide journalists with information within reasonable scope for media coverage; (3) the police should use assistance of devices and skills of related technologies; (4) finally, the government should cooperate with the media to make laws that can effectively regulate related issues.

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