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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Bayesovská statistika - limity a možnosti využití v sociologii / Bayesian Statistics - Limits and its Application in Sociology

Krčková, Anna January 2014 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to find how we can use Bayesian statistics in analysis of sociological data and to compare outcomes of frequentist and Bayesian approach. Bayesian statistics uses probability distributions on statistical parameters. In the beginning of the analysis in Bayesian approach a prior probability (that is chosen on the basis of relevant information) is attached to the parameters. After combining prior probability and our observed data, posterior probability is computed. Because of the posterior probability we can make statistical conclusions. Comparison of approaches was made from the view of theoretical foundations and procedures and also by means of analysis of sociological data. Point estimates, interval estimates, hypothesis testing (on the example of two-sample t-test) and multiple linear regression analysis were compared. The outcome of this thesis is that considering its philosophy and thanks to the interpretational simplicity the Bayesian analysis is more suitable for sociological data analysis than common frequentist approach. Comparison showed that there is no difference between outcomes of frequentist and objective Bayesian analysis regardless of the sample size. For hypothesis testing we can use Bayesian credible intervals. Using subjective Bayesian analysis on...
2

Letramento probabilístico no Ensino Médio: um estudo de invariantes operatórios mobilizados por alunos

Caberlim, Cristiane Candido Luz 18 March 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Candido Luz Caberlim.pdf: 1224596 bytes, checksum: 30f0bfb460f189e74563254c547baede (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Subject in which this research was developed is the development of the learning process of the probability. For this, we search the subjects of official documents and researches that addressed the teaching or the learning of probability, and we realize its growing withing mathematics education s field, confirming our hypotheses about the relevance of develop a research in this subject. In this context, we formulate our goal that s diagnose invariant operative mobilized by students. In situation of troubleshooting, and to seek elements that allowing a proposal for a concept of building model (learning evolution model). The work developed trying to relate the identified operative invariant with the elements of probabilistic literacy when learning of probability mobilizes elements of geometric probability, articulating the classical approach and the frequentist approach to probability. To achieve the goal, we formulated the following research question: Which literacy probabilistic elements identified in mobilizing operative invariants by third grade of high school students to solve problems that articulate the classical approach and the frequentist concepto f probability? Claving to answer this question, We Will use the theory of conceptual fields linking it with the principles of probabilistic literacy. As a research methodology chose the case study. Our sequence comprises three adapted teaching situations developed earlier research, in our research group, called A Bernoulli urn , B Pixels urn and C Franc-Carreau game and these situations were applied to a group of student volunteers attending the third high school of a private school in São Paulo. The analysis of the protocols built allowed us to identify students mobilized operative invariants allowing estimate the probability, articulating the classical approach and frequentist, confirming development of probabilistic assumptions literacy. Reported proportions via an own speech, transiting the concrete domains and pseudo-concrete. No student has achieved the full probabilistic literacy, that supposed to problem solving in the abstract domain, under the proposed scheme for a process of abstraction to be followed during learning / O tema no qual esta pesquisa se desenvolveu é o desenvolvimento do processo de aprendizagem da probabilidade. Para tal, buscamos primeiramente os conteúdos de documentos oficiais e pesquisas que abordaram o ensino ou a aprendizagem da probabilidade, e percebemos o seu crescimento dentro do campo da Educação Matemática, confirmando nossas hipóteses sobre a relevância de se desenvolver uma pesquisa nesse tema. Neste contexto, formulamos nosso objetivo que é diagnosticar invariantes operatórios mobilizados pelos alunos em situação de resolução de problemas, para que busquemos elementos que permitam uma proposta de modelo de construção de conceito (modelo de evolução de aprendizagem). O trabalho se desenvolveu buscando relacionar os invariantes operatórios identificados com os elementos do letramento probabilístico quando a aprendizagem da probabilidade mobiliza elementos da probabilidade geométrica, articulando o enfoque clássico e o enfoque frequentista da probabilidade. Para alcançarmos tal objetivo, formulamos a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Que elementos do letramento probabilístico identificamos na mobilização de invariantes operatórios por alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio ao resolver problemas que articulam o enfoque clássico e frequentista do conceito de probabilidade? Almejando responder a essa questão, utilizaremos a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais articulando-a com os princípios do letramento probabilístico. Como metodologia de pesquisa escolhemos o estudo de caso. Nossa sequência é composta por três situações didáticas adaptadas de pesquisa anterior desenvolvida em nosso grupo de pesquisa, denominadas A-Urna de Bernoulli , B-Urna de Pixels e C-O jogo Franc-Carreau e estas situações foram aplicadas a um grupo de alunos voluntários, cursando o terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede privada da cidade de São Paulo. A análise dos protocolos construídos nos permitiu identificar que os alunos mobilizaram invariantes operatórios que permitiam estimar a probabilidade, articulando o enfoque clássico e frequentista, confirmando hipótese de desenvolvimento do letramento probabilístico. Descreveram proporções e por meio de um discurso próprio, transitando pelos domínios concreto e pseudoconcreto. Nenhum aluno atingiu o letramento probabilístico pleno, que supunha a resolução de problemas no domínio abstrato, segundo o esquema proposto para um processo de abstração a ser percorrido durante a aprendizagem

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