• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 7
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 14
  • 14
  • 13
  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Investigação do aumento endógeno de adenosina decorrente da administração do intermediário glicolítico D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato / Investigation of adenosine endogenous increase decurrent of D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato administration, a glycolytic intermediate.

Valerio, Daniel Augusto Rodrigues 31 July 2009 (has links)
D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato (F1,6BP), um intermediário altamente energético da via glicolítica, é descrito na literatura como portador de diversas atividades farmacológicas, contudo seu mecanismo de ação ainda não fora esclarecido. Dessa forma, a possível atividade anti-inflamatória da F1,6BP sobre diferentes modelos de inflamação e sua via de ação em camundongos foram averiguadas com enfoque na inibição da produção de citocinas e na elevação dos níveis endógenos de adenosina. A hipernocicepção mecânica foi avaliada por método eletrônico de pressão crescente em patas de camundongos, o ensaio cinéticocolorimétrico de mieloperoxidase (MPO) foi utilizado na avaliação da migração leucocitária para o tecido subcutâneo plantar, e a performance motora dos animais foi determinada pelo teste rota-rod. A quantificação de citocinas foi realizada por ELISA, enquanto a quantificação de adenosina foi obtida em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) após validação laboratorial da metodologia segundo normas protocoladas pela ANVISA. O pré-tratamento de camundongos com F1,6BP reduziu a hipernocicepção induzida por injeção intraplantar de carragenina (45%), TNF-a (40%), IL-1B (46%), KC (33%), prostaglandina E2 (41%) e dopamina (55%). O tratamento com F1,6BP, no entanto, não alterou a produção de citocinas induzidas por carragenina (TNF-a, IL-1B e KC) e nem interferiu com a migração leucocitária para a região desafiada. Por outro lado, o efeito antinociceptivo da F1,6BP foi prevenido por tratamento sistêmico e local com antagonista de receptores A1 de adenosina (DPCPX) e o tratamento com adenosina apresentou efeitos similares os do tratamento com F1,6BP, sugerindo que o efeito da F1,6BP é mediado pela ação periférica da adenosina sobre receptores A1. Endossando isso, foi constatado por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência um aumento na concentração plasmática de adenosina em camundongos após administração de F1,6BP. Por conseguinte, a via de ação da F1,6BP parece ser dependente da produção de adenosina, mas não da modulação na produção de citocinas hipernociceptivas. A adenosina atua, então, perifericamente em receptores A1 inibindo a hipernocicepção, e a evidência farmacológica de que ela medeia a atividade da F1,6BP através dessa ação sobre receptores A1 foi corroborada por resultados in vivo que demonstram aumento dos níveis de adenosina decorrente da administração de F1,6BP. Em vista disso, esses resultados insinuam um possível potencial terapêutico da F1,6BP em reduzir a dor inflamatória. / D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), a high-energy glycolytic pathway intermediate, is reported to have a many pharmacologically effect, but its underlying mechanism of action in inflammation is incompletely understood. In this study, the aim was to examine the function of F1,6BP on cytokines and adenosine. Then, the possible F1,6BP anti-inflammatory activities in different models of inflammation and its mechanism of action in mice were addressed focusing inhibition of cytokine production or adenosine production enhancement. Mechanical hypernociception (decrease in the nociceptive threshold of animals) was evaluated by the electronic pressure meter test in mice, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) kineticcolorimetric assay was used to evaluate the leukocyte migration to the subcutaneous plantar tissue of mice hind paw, and mice motor performance were evaluated on the rota-rod test. The cytokines levels were measured by ELISA. Adenosine levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and this experimental procedure was validated according to ANVISA for this purpose. The pretreatment of mice with F1,6BP reduced the hypernociception induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (45%), TNF (40%), IL-1 (46%), KC (33%), prostaglandin E2 (41%) and dopamine (55%). However, FBP treatment did not alter carrageenin-induced cytokines (TNF-, IL-1 and KC) production or the leukocyte migration to the subcutaneous plantar tissue of mice hind paw. On the other hand, the antinociceptive effect of F1,6BP was prevented by systemic and local treatment with an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX) and adenosine treatment presented similar effect of F1,6BP, suggesting that F1,6BP effect is mediated by peripheral adenosine acting on A1 receptors. In agreement, the present work determined by high performance liquid chromatography that D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate administration increased the adenosine endogenous levels in the mice plasma. Therefore, F1,6BP mechanism of action seems dependent on adenosine production but not on modulation of hypernociceptive cytokine production. In turn, adenosine acts peripherally on A1 receptor inhibiting hypernociception. The pharmacological evidence that adenosine through activation of adenosine A1 receptor mediates the antinociceptive action of F1,6BP was supported by the finding that in vivo administration of F1,6BP increases the levels of adenosine in the blood samples. Thus, suggesting the treatment with F1,6BP as a possible therapeutic approach to reduce inflammatory pain.
12

Etude fonctionnelle du génome de Bacillus subtilis : de nouvelles régulations transcriptionnelles du métabolisme central du carbone.

Doan, Thierry 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Chez Bacillus subtilis, la transcription de l'opéron gapA, comprenant les gènes de la partie centrale de la glycolyse, est stimulée en présence de sources de carbone glycolytiques. Nos études in vivo et in vitro de CggR, le répresseur qui contrôle cette stimulation, ont démontré d'une part que celui-ci a la capacité de se lier à une séquence d'ADN inhabituellement longue, consistant en une répétition directe de deux motifs (CGGGACN6TGTCN4CGGGACN6TGTC) et située entre le promoteur et le codon d'initiation de l'opéron cggR-gapA, et d'autre part que son activité est inhibée par le fructose-1,6-biphosphate. Des analyses de séquence et des expériences de transcriptome ont indiqué que CggR, qui est très conservé chez les bactéries à Gram positif et qui définit une sous-famille de la famille de régulateurs transcriptionnels SorC/DeoR, est spécialisé dans le contrôle des gènes de la glycolyse. Ainsi, une collaboration a été engagée avec des structuralistes (CBS, Montpellier) pour aller plus loin dans la connaissance de ce prototype d'une famille encore peu connue de régulateurs. Deux paires de gènes paralogues ont été détectés dans le génome (ywkA et malS, ytsJ et mleA) dont les produits sont homologues à des enzymes maliques. L'analyse transcriptomique globale d'une souche sauvage cultivée en présence de glucose ou de malate comme seule source de carbone montre que l'expression d'ywkA est induite en présence de malate. En collaboration avec l'équipe de Y. Fujita, nous avons montré qu'ywkA codait bien une enzyme malique NADdépendante dont l'expression est spécifiquement induite par le malate extracellulaire et insensible à la répression catabolique. De plus, nous avons montré que le système à deux composants YufL-YufM active directement la transcription d'ywkA en présence de malate. Cependant, YwkA n'est pas requis pour la croissance en présence de malate comme seule source de carbone. La technique d'analyse du transcriptome au moyen de membranes à haute densité est maintenant acquise au laboratoire. Nous avons commencé à mettre à profit cet outil pour une étude globale de l'expression génique en fonction de différentes sources de carbone.
13

Investigação do aumento endógeno de adenosina decorrente da administração do intermediário glicolítico D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato / Investigation of adenosine endogenous increase decurrent of D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato administration, a glycolytic intermediate.

Daniel Augusto Rodrigues Valerio 31 July 2009 (has links)
D-Frutose-1,6-difosfato (F1,6BP), um intermediário altamente energético da via glicolítica, é descrito na literatura como portador de diversas atividades farmacológicas, contudo seu mecanismo de ação ainda não fora esclarecido. Dessa forma, a possível atividade anti-inflamatória da F1,6BP sobre diferentes modelos de inflamação e sua via de ação em camundongos foram averiguadas com enfoque na inibição da produção de citocinas e na elevação dos níveis endógenos de adenosina. A hipernocicepção mecânica foi avaliada por método eletrônico de pressão crescente em patas de camundongos, o ensaio cinéticocolorimétrico de mieloperoxidase (MPO) foi utilizado na avaliação da migração leucocitária para o tecido subcutâneo plantar, e a performance motora dos animais foi determinada pelo teste rota-rod. A quantificação de citocinas foi realizada por ELISA, enquanto a quantificação de adenosina foi obtida em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) após validação laboratorial da metodologia segundo normas protocoladas pela ANVISA. O pré-tratamento de camundongos com F1,6BP reduziu a hipernocicepção induzida por injeção intraplantar de carragenina (45%), TNF-a (40%), IL-1B (46%), KC (33%), prostaglandina E2 (41%) e dopamina (55%). O tratamento com F1,6BP, no entanto, não alterou a produção de citocinas induzidas por carragenina (TNF-a, IL-1B e KC) e nem interferiu com a migração leucocitária para a região desafiada. Por outro lado, o efeito antinociceptivo da F1,6BP foi prevenido por tratamento sistêmico e local com antagonista de receptores A1 de adenosina (DPCPX) e o tratamento com adenosina apresentou efeitos similares os do tratamento com F1,6BP, sugerindo que o efeito da F1,6BP é mediado pela ação periférica da adenosina sobre receptores A1. Endossando isso, foi constatado por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência um aumento na concentração plasmática de adenosina em camundongos após administração de F1,6BP. Por conseguinte, a via de ação da F1,6BP parece ser dependente da produção de adenosina, mas não da modulação na produção de citocinas hipernociceptivas. A adenosina atua, então, perifericamente em receptores A1 inibindo a hipernocicepção, e a evidência farmacológica de que ela medeia a atividade da F1,6BP através dessa ação sobre receptores A1 foi corroborada por resultados in vivo que demonstram aumento dos níveis de adenosina decorrente da administração de F1,6BP. Em vista disso, esses resultados insinuam um possível potencial terapêutico da F1,6BP em reduzir a dor inflamatória. / D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), a high-energy glycolytic pathway intermediate, is reported to have a many pharmacologically effect, but its underlying mechanism of action in inflammation is incompletely understood. In this study, the aim was to examine the function of F1,6BP on cytokines and adenosine. Then, the possible F1,6BP anti-inflammatory activities in different models of inflammation and its mechanism of action in mice were addressed focusing inhibition of cytokine production or adenosine production enhancement. Mechanical hypernociception (decrease in the nociceptive threshold of animals) was evaluated by the electronic pressure meter test in mice, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) kineticcolorimetric assay was used to evaluate the leukocyte migration to the subcutaneous plantar tissue of mice hind paw, and mice motor performance were evaluated on the rota-rod test. The cytokines levels were measured by ELISA. Adenosine levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and this experimental procedure was validated according to ANVISA for this purpose. The pretreatment of mice with F1,6BP reduced the hypernociception induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (45%), TNF (40%), IL-1 (46%), KC (33%), prostaglandin E2 (41%) and dopamine (55%). However, FBP treatment did not alter carrageenin-induced cytokines (TNF-, IL-1 and KC) production or the leukocyte migration to the subcutaneous plantar tissue of mice hind paw. On the other hand, the antinociceptive effect of F1,6BP was prevented by systemic and local treatment with an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX) and adenosine treatment presented similar effect of F1,6BP, suggesting that F1,6BP effect is mediated by peripheral adenosine acting on A1 receptors. In agreement, the present work determined by high performance liquid chromatography that D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate administration increased the adenosine endogenous levels in the mice plasma. Therefore, F1,6BP mechanism of action seems dependent on adenosine production but not on modulation of hypernociceptive cytokine production. In turn, adenosine acts peripherally on A1 receptor inhibiting hypernociception. The pharmacological evidence that adenosine through activation of adenosine A1 receptor mediates the antinociceptive action of F1,6BP was supported by the finding that in vivo administration of F1,6BP increases the levels of adenosine in the blood samples. Thus, suggesting the treatment with F1,6BP as a possible therapeutic approach to reduce inflammatory pain.
14

Structural analysis of the potential therapeutic targets from specific genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Yan, Xuan January 2011 (has links)
The thesis describes over-expression, purification and crystallization of three proteins from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). S. aureus is an important human pathogen and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious problem in hospitals nowadays. The crystal structure of 3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) was determined by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method. TAG is responsible for DNA repair and is an essential gene for both MRSA and methicilin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The structure was also determined in complex with 3-methyladenine (3-MeA) and was solved using molecular replacement (MR) method. An assay was carried out and the molecular basis of discrimination between 3-MeA and adenosine was determined. The native crystal structure of fructose 1-phosphate kinase (PFK) from S. aureus was determined to 2.30 Å and solved using molecular replacement method. PFK is an essential enzyme involved in the central metabolism of MRSA. Despite extensive efforts no co-complex was determined, although crystals were obtained they diffracted poorly. An assay which can be used to test for inhibitors has been developed. Mevalonate Kinase (MK) is another essential enzyme in MRSA and is a key drug target in the mevalonate pathway. Native data diffracting to 2.2 Å was collected. The structure was solved using multiple isomorphorus replacement (MIR) method. A citrate molecule was bound at the MK active site, arising from the crystallization condition. The citrate molecule indicates how substrate might bind. The protein was kinetically characterized. A thermodynamic analysis using fluorescence-based method was carried out on each protein to investigate binding interactions of potential fragments and thus a drug design starting point.

Page generated in 0.0426 seconds