Freshwater invertebrates especially species from temporary ponds are suitable model organisms for studying of dispersal mechanisms in their discontinous habitats. Tadpole shrimp Lepidurus apus (Notostraca) is restricted to vernal temporary waters in floodplain areas of big rivers. This Master's thesis is concentrated on survey of genetic variability and structure of L. apus population from Central Europe. Mitochondrial COI analysis of 45 specimens mostly from the Czech Republic indicates that all Central European specimens falls into the subspecies L. apus apus and also indicates low level of genetic variability and structure (on average 0,2 %). These results are confronted with other notostracan species, additionally with czech populations of coldstenothermal brine shrimp Eubranchipus grubii (Anostraca) and possible reasons of the low values are discussed.

The phylogenetic reconstruction has noted great development in recent decades. The development of computers and device for sequencing biopolymers have been an enormous amount od phylogenetic data from different sources and different types. The scientists are trying to reconstruct a comlet tree of life from these data. The phylogenetic supertree are theoretically this option because a supertree alow a combination of all information gathered so far – in contras to the phylogenetic trees. This thesis present the method of reconstruction supertrees using average konsensus method.