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This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of the use of phytohormones in cultivation of young fruit trees. It includes a description of phytohormones and their effects on tree nursery yield. Four variants of products promoting branching, containing different active agents and concentrations, were experimentally applied on a set of plum tree varieties in a tree nursery. In the experiment, there was a control sample of plum trees without this treatment. The experiment was performed according to a predetermined methodology for the selection of varieties, well-defined dosage of the agents, development of young plants, concentration of the agents and the method of application. The trees were treated in a standard way within the nursery working. The photo documentation was taken continuously, the first documentation ten days after the last treatment in June, the second in mid-July and the last before the ploughing out in October. The experiment was evaluated according to predetermined criteria, especially by number of branches in the tree crowns. These data were adapted into chart evaluating the effectiveness of products and graphs were prepared for each variety and quality category of the yields. From these processed results, the products promoting branching without nipping off can be recommended for practical use on specific varieties. In this experiment, the most effective substance was 6-benzyladenine acid contained in the product Globaryll. Still, as a result of its use, the trees formed branches of the second and third grade and the crowns were too dense. This effect could probably have been avoided by using a lower concentration or single application of the agent. The obtained results of this experiment strongly support the effectiveness of the phytohormones on branching trees in the nurseries. This treatment makes qualitative shift in the cultivation of young fruit trees.

At the experimental plot in the area of Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice was created attempt to determine the effect of growth regulators on the model plant ( Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer ' ) growing in containers. The purpose was according to morphological and physiological parameters to determine whether the application of growth regulators reduce the effect of stress factors affecting the quality of plants . Growth regulators for this experiment were - abscisic acid, 24 - epibrassinolid, kinetin and spermine (each at three different concentrations ) . It was a total of 12 variants and one control. Of the morphological parameters were evaluated: weight fresh biomass, weight of dried biomass, area of leaf, length of shoots, root collar diameter . Of the physiological parameters were evaluated - index the content of chlorophyll in leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence . The obtained data were statistically analyzed and then compared the effect of various phytohormones. The resulting effect in terms of importance for nursery production was the effect of 24 -epibrassinolidu the most measured parameters.

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The experiment was done at Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, at the Mendeleum-Institute of genetics. The plant materil was obtained from the technical isolation in Lednice. Four selected grape varieties ('MT' 25/7, 20/52'PM','CR2' 1/48,'K 5BB') as primary culture and multiplied in selected media. All varieties were grown at the same temperature and light conditions. MS medium combined with BA (0.7 mg.l-1), IAA (0.1 mg.l-1) was chosen for the primary culture. The pH was adjusted to 5.8. After the establishment of primary cultures, only the variety 'CR 2' 1/48 survived. In the other varieties ('MT' 07/25, 20/52 and 'PM''K 5BB') infection by fungal and bacterial infections, hyperhydratation, no proliferation of shoots and necrosed individual segments were observed. Variety'CR2' was (after the establishment of primary cultures) multiplied onfive media; DKW combination of BA (0.6 mg.l-1), IBA (0.01 mg.l-1), MS in combination with BA (3.0 mg.l-1), NAA (0, 2 mg.l-1), C2D combination of BA (1.5 mg.l-1), MS enriched by BA (1.5 mg.l-1), IBA (1 0 mg.l-1), and LQ combination of BA (0.4 mg.l-1) and NAA (0.01 mg.l-1). Individual media were evaluated separately with the calculation multiplier of 4 passage. C0 medium was evaluated as the most suitable medium for in vitro grapevine multiplication . The lowest number of new formed shoots and also the worst results were observed on C1 medium. The results of the thesis evaluaete the health condition of plants and the multiplication factor on different media. New formed shoots during the ever single passaging was evaluated as well.

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Apoplastic barriers (exodermis and endodermis) control free movement of substances by apoplast, which is achieved by specific cell wall modifications. Differentiation of these barriers is to some extent variable. It has been demonstrated many times that the differentiation of root apoplastic barriers is strongly influenced by unfavourable environmental conditions. Many stress factors accelerate the deposition of apoplastic barriers. This work deals with the relationship between availability of nutrients and development of root barriers and mechanisms of coordination of developmental processes in roots, including the involvement of auxin and other phytohormones in the coordination of these processes. The exodermis developmental plasticity is followed in maize (Zea mays L.) under conditions of various nutrient deficiencies. The most important results are presented by anatomical analysis, which shows a significant acceleration of exodermis and endodermis differentiation in the N and P deficiency on the contrary, the slowing of differentiation in the absence of Fe and K. This effect is apparently a result of systemic rather than local root system responses because it was not observed with localized deficiency. This thesis also test the influence of some phytohormones on the development of apoplastic...