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No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic organic compounds, characterized by a low degradability in the environment and accumulation in the food chain. This is the reason, why decontamination of soils polluted with such substances is very important issue for today's society. Decontamination of areas infected by PCBs is very complicated due to its physical and chemical characteristics. Appropriate decontamination method is phytoremediation, which is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyls by natural processes of plants. Using the transformation of plants can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation. The thesis has been investigated in expression of remediation gene bphC/His at T2 generation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), variety Golden Promise at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Expression of the transgene was detected using PCR, real-time PCR and Western blot. To obtain dihaploid homozygous plants of spring barley, variety Golden Promise containing a phytoremediation gene bphC/His was used anther cultures technique. In the thesis were choosed plants from the T2 generation, showing the presence of the inserted gene to test the ability of transgenic plants to accumulate polychlorinated biphenyls.

Environmental contamination with radionuclides is a growing problem in the world. Phytoremediation seems to be a suitable method for the removal of radionuclides from the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of potassium on accumulation of stable isotope 133Cs and evaluate the suitability of plant species Calla palustris for phytoremediation. Plants were grown in a water solution in a greenhouse and after one week of pre-cultivation were exposed to stable isotope 133Cs (0,5 mM CsCl). Potassium was added in five various concentrations in the form of K2SO4. The level of cesium in plants was measured after 8 days of exposition. Plants without added potassium absorbed the most cesium (11,52 %). Plants with the highest concentration of added K2SO4 10 mM (3,45 %), 5 mM (3,62 %), 2 mM (5,57 %) absorbed the least. Higher 133Cs accumulation was measured in the plant roots than in the above- ground plant parts. Total uptake of cesium by Calla palustris suggests the possibility to use Calla palustris for phytoremediation.

This work deals with the evaluation of Calla palustris utilization for phytoremediation and clarifying how nitrogen influences the uptake of cesium from aqueous solution. The plants were subjected to nitrogen exposure, which consisted of five different concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- and 0.5 mM CsCl, for eight days. The greatest amount of cesium (13.5%) accumulated the plants without the addition of nitrogen, the smallest amount accumulated plants with concentrations of 6: 3 (3.9%), 8: 4 (3.6%) and 10: 5 NH4NO3: NH4Cl (3.5%). Calla has proved to be suitable for phytoremediation, however with the need for longer exposure. Besides these main hypotheses it has been moreover shown that the state of plants affected the uptake of cesium and that nitrogen influenced the condition of the plant. Further it has not been observed noticeable difference in uptake of cesium in roots and stems with leaves.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of potassium on receiving of stable cesium and evaluate the appropriateness of Marsh Calla (Calla palustris) for phytoremediation. The experiment was conducted in a green-house environment where the plants were grown in an aqueous solution. The plants were exposed then to a stable isotope of cesium (133Cs) at a concentration of 1 mM CsCl. Potassium was added to the plants in the form of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), in five different concentrations (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM). Plants were exposed for 8 days. The largest average income of cesium (9,37 %) had a plant without added potassium. The root part of the plants showed a greater cesium content than the ground part. Based on the total intake of cesium from an aqueous solution, calla marsh can be estimated as a plant usable for phytoremediation.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of using sunflower for phytoremediation technologies of soil polluted with over-limiting concentrations of heavy metals. Helianthus annuus L.was selected for our experiments due to its phytoremediation properties. As heavy metals, cadmium, which is abundantly contained in fertilizers, lead, of which concentrations in the environment greatly increased thanks to the using of leaded fuels, and silver, which can be considered as an environmental issue due to its using in nanotechnology, were used. Changes in the activities of chosen enzymes (ALT, AST, urease), concentrations of specific peptides (GSH, GSSG, PC) and the ability to receive and distribute heavy metals were used to evaluate the suitability of plants for phytoremediation purposes.