The focus of this diploma thesis is physics and its role and importance in the education process. This thesis explores the physics teaching and displays different methods which might have an influence on physics teaching. Attention was paid to creativity, its use, the process of conscious development of creativity and the role it can play in physics teaching. In conclusion an example of my own ideas that I have been using for physics teaching and an experiment involving methods aimed at fostering creativity of students. The aim of this experiment was to verify the assumption whether the teacher's creative approach can make physics activities of their students more meaningful and whether a creative approach to physics teaching can motivate students to be more interested in the study of physics.

Title: Study of Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Extragalactic Objects Author: Stanislav tefnik Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Dalibor Nosek, Dr. Abstract: This thesis deals with production processes of cosmic γ-rays in astro- physical objects and methods of their detection. Possible interactions leading to the emission of high energy γ-rays in the active galaxy Centaurus A are discussed in this context. Cherenkov Telescope Array is presented as a new experiment fo- cused on the detection of air showers initiated by cosmic γ-rays. Cherenkov light of air showers is studied in the simulations done by CORSIKA simulation tool. Method of data analysis within the framework of Cherenkov telescopes is descri- bed and performed on the dataset of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304. The results include statistical tests of γ-ray source presence and its time variability. Keywords: Cosmic rays, gamma rays, astroparticle physics, high energy astro- physics, acceleration, CTA experiment

Title: Modelling of plasma-solid interaction Author: Jan Nožka Department: Institute of Theoretical Physics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Rudolf Hrach, DrSc., Department of Surface and Plasma Science Abstract: This work is devoted to computer modeling of the low-temperature argon plasma discharge. We created one basic particle model and one basic fluid model. Furthermore, we created a model of electron-electron interaction in three dimensions. This model is able to stabilize nonequilibrium electron gas in the expected equilibrium. This model was developed to investigate the influence of electron-electron scattering on the acceleration of electrons above the speed that is sufficient for excitation or ionization of neutral argon atom. At the end of this work there are results that shed a light on the importance of this interaction in comparison with the amount of fast electrons that are present in the plasma due to electric filed field.

Title: Chemical reactivity of metal-supported ceria thin films: a density func- tional study Author: Lucie Szabová Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Vladimír Matolín, DrSc., Department of Surface and Plasma Science, FMF, CU Abstract: The present work is a theoretical analysis based on numerical DFT+U simulations investigating the physical and chemical properties of ultrathin ceria films supported by Cu(111). Such materials exhibit high activity towards several important reactions in heterogeneous catalysis such as water-gas shift and CO oxidation, with important applications also for renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells. We provide evidence of the influence of film thickness on the electronic and structural properties as well as on the reactivity of ultrathin ceria films supported by copper. The calculations combined with scanning tunneling microscopy experiments show that one monolayer thin film of ceria on Cu(111) is charged, strained and contains oxygen vacancies due to the limited thickness of the film. The influence of the film thickness on the reactivity of thin ceria films was explored for the case of water adsorption and dissociation. Significant differences were shown for water adsorption and dissociation on one-monolayer ceria compared to thicker films,...

The theme of this diploma thesis is to create a collection of exercises on the differentiation in application tasks. It focuses primarily on tasks of everyday situations, physical problems and problems from technical disciplines. Exercises are sorted from easy to advanced ones. For each example there is a solution procedure provided and illustrated with sketches of given situations created in majority with Google SketchUp, graphs of functions created in GeoGebra, eventually 3D graphs of each function created using mathematical program Maple. In the very introduction of this theses there is theoretical base and "first aid" provided in the form of instructions on solving this kind of exercises.

The thesis maps the subjective meaning ascribed to the terms of mathematics and physics by students of secondary schools in České Budějovice. We investigate whether the perception of these tems is influenced by the offer of non-formal education. Main part of thesis is based on research supported by theoretical findings. The theoretical part deals with mathematics and physics in formal and non-formal education, describes the offer of informal education at high schools selected by us and we also describe there the semantic differential method used by us, which is proven in exploring connotative meanings of terms. In the practical part of the work we describe a project of empirical research in detail, the process of data collection and in conclusion, we describe the results obtained.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to create an educational portal designed to support the teaching of physics at the elementary school with the use of standard web design methods. The purpose of the portal will be to simplify the preparation of teachers for experimental teaching at the 2nd level of elementary schools through a database of experiments and other materials such as videos. The benets of this portal will be veried and evaluated through in-depth interviews with physics teachers at the 2nd grade of elementary schools. One part of the thesis is also an analysis and evaluation of similar web projects dealing with physics teaching. In the rst part of my thesis, I deal with the analysis and evaluation of similar web projects. The next part is focused on the design and creation of the educational portal itself and contains brief information about the design methods and the procedures of creation. In the next section, I will deal with the creation of content for the portal and nally, I will interview the teachers who used the created educational web.

The topic of this thesis is usage of tablets during the lessons, physics in particular, in second grade of elementary school. In theoretical part, the work describes technological principles of devices and their technological security during the service in schools. Part of the work is questionnaire for students and teachers and the evaluation of the results of it. In physical part, the thesis is dealing with individual options on how to introduce and use tables during the lessons from general ways to special apps for physics. There are few exhibitional lessons at the end of the thesis that should inspire teachers to use tables during their lessons. One of the lessons was tested in real life and was compared to usual one. The thesis also contains the results of this comparison.

This thesis deals with the use of modern digital technologies in a constructivist approach to physics teaching in elementary school. The thesis describes development of physics teaching strategies from the earliest period to present. Great attention is paid to an analysis and comparison of particular software products including examples. The practical part of the thesis concentrates on simulation of physical phenomena and includes several educational games. A group of the created programs and their outputs were used directly in physics teaching at the elementary school and the lower level of grammar schools. Efficiency of the programs was proved by pedagogical test.

This thesis deals about the use of authoring tools in physics, especially in creating physical models and simulations, and their contribution to different areas of teaching. The use of authoring tools is in the thesis closely discussed in connection with the teaching theories of constructivism and pedagogical content knowledge. The specific content of these theories and the reasons for their links to reference topics are listed in the theoretical part. Here is the survey of the current state of ICT tools with regard to their potential application in the teaching of physics. These are some examples of the selected authoring tools and examples of their use. In the experimental part of the thesis are first formulated research questions and the research hypotheses. That will be tested in the research. The research question was: "Has the use of authoring tools significant improvement in pupils' understanding and application of the curriculum?". The reason for this formulation and relevant hypothesis are described in the paper. Based on the research hypotheses was chosen research approach and used method - in this case pedagogical experiment. In the research were involved in various schools and teachers. The content of testing the effect of authoring tools were also different curriculum in physical education. Individual experiments and their results are described in separate chapters. In each description is a didactic analysis and justification of the selected used simulation maded by authoring tool. For each experiment, the values are given statistical probability of confirming/rejecting the hypothesis. In conclusion, the overall evaluation experiments and on this basis are recommended ways to implement authoring tools into teaching. There were described some other suggestions to use authoring tools, going beyond the experiment, based on the author's personal experience and teaching practice. It is recommended to dedicate neglected issue of authoring tools in teaching more attention in other pedagogical research.