Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandarego@gmail.com) on 2015-02-19T18:54:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_ Kelly Cristine Moura Costa Pedroza.pdf: 5288656 bytes, checksum: a1a25bd51a585cdef1f51b03e0c54342 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T18:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_ Kelly Cristine Moura Costa Pedroza.pdf: 5288656 bytes, checksum: a1a25bd51a585cdef1f51b03e0c54342 (MD5) / Aspergilose invasiva (AI) é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade entre pacientes neutropênicos com câncer hematológico. O diagnóstico desta doença fúngica invasiva (DFI) permanece um desafio, especialmente devido a seus sintomas inespecíficos e falta de sensibilidade e especificidade de testes que utilizam metodologia não invasiva. A detecção de galactomanana (GM) em amostras de fluidos biológicos foi recentemente incluída como um critério micológico para AI “provável” em consenso para disgnóstico de DFI elaborado pela European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Invasive Fungal Infection Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). A GM é um antígeno solúvel liberado durante o crescimento da hifa no tecido. O teste de detecção é um ELISA sanduíche (ELISAGM) que tem um excelente valor preditivo negativo no diagnóstico da AI em pacientes de alto risco e pode apresentar índices positivos antes das manifestações clínicas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a incidência da AI em pacientes neutropênicos com doenças hematológicas malignas acompanhados pelo serviço de hematologia do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil. Foram feitos monitoramentos com testes seriados para detecção de GM em amostras de soro em episódios de neutropenia e os resultados foram associados com dados clínicos dos pacientes. Um total de 102 episódios foi incluído de maio de 2011 a julho de 2012, 48 dos quais com neutropenia prolongada (< 500 neutrófilos/mm3 por mais que 10 days). Um caso com critérios para AI “provável” e quatro com critérios para AI “possível” foram detectados. Um caso com índices positivos seriados em teste de GM sem critério radiológico foi observado; este episódio pode ter representado um estágio inicial da infecção. Os dados obtidos foram condizentes com as descrições sobre a utilidade do ELISA-GM como ferramenta para diagnóstico da AI; entretanto, a associação com outros testes não invasivos pode melhorar sua aplicação na prática clínica.

Cancer är idag en vanlig sjukdom som uppstår på grund av okontrollerad celltillväxt och kan visa sig som cirka 200 olika sjukdomar beroende på vilken celltyp som drabbas. Trots dagens standardterapier med kirurgi, strålning och kemoterapi så dör årligen runt 23 000 människor av cancer i Sverige. Dödsfallen beror ofta på svåråtkomliga metastaser som bildats från ursprungstumören och sedan spridits med blod och lymfa ut i kroppen. En långt gången cancer kan även visa upp resistens mot vissa terapier, vilket försvårar behandling ytterligare.  Det är därför viktigt att nya effektiva läkemedel och behandlingsmetoder utvecklas. Ett alternativ är onkolytisk virusterapi. Onkolytiska adenovirus är modifierade till att selektivt replikera i och lysera tumörceller, samtidigt som friska celler lämnas opåverkade. Genom att armera det onkolytiska adenoviruset med cytokinet granulocyt makrofag-kolonistimulerande faktor (GM-CSF) kan den terapeutiska effektiviteten ökas ytterligare. GM-CSF kommer då uttryckas i infekterade tumörceller och stimulera kroppens immunförsvar till ökad antitumoral immunrespons. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om behandling med onkolytiskt adenovirus armerat med GM-CSF kan fungera som behandling mot cancer. För att svara på frågeställningen analyserades fem vetenskapliga studier som rörde frågeställningen. Två av dessa var av fas I-typ och hade därför som främsta syfte att undersöka säkerheten hos olika doser. Den antitumorala effekten studerades dock också och därför inkluderades de i arbetet. Antitumorala effekter sågs hos vissa patienter i form av minskning av tumörstorlek, densitet och tumörmarkörer i blodet. I studier där CD8+ T-celler mättes sågs ofta en ökning av nivån vilket kan tyda på ökad immunrespons.  Patientgrupperna var små i samtliga studier vilket gör det svårt att dra några slutsatser om behandlingens effektivitet. I tre av fem studier hade patienterna även olika cancersjukdomar, vilket försvårar analysen ytterligare. Resultaten från behandlingen ser lovande ut med milda biverkningar, men för att med säkerhet kunna säga att det finns en antitumoral effektivitet hos onkolytiskt adenovirus armerat med GM-CSF krävs större studier på mer specifika patientgrupper.

Marabastad has a history characterized by strife and turmoil on one end and jubilation and decadence on the other. To preserve sanity within these hardships, residents often turn towards music as a socioeconomic emollient to relieve the burdens of everyday life. As a result music (specifically jazz) has embedded itself into the historical narrative of Marabastad and its people. Today, the area is no longer comprised of a homogenous demographic; it is home to a diverse populace of a multi-national origin. What once was a precinct characterized by its strong association with the “timiti” and “Marabi” cultures, it is now composed of a plethora of varying cultures, and as a result - musical genres. This study seeks to identify the historical importance of music within Marabastad, through identifying varying “territories” of the environment which are utilized as a means of promoting music within the region. Once these have been identified, the application of these territories and their associated principles within a built form is intended to provide a social platform for music to be enjoyed, while allowing for the cross-pollination of the varying musical genres which exist within the precinct. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

The study contemplates the idea that, as modern man lives and thrives on Earth, we cannot look with anticipation into the future alone, but we have to integrate our every action with the past. Maintaining a delicate balance between past and future is the major struggle and responsibility for mankind. This is also the case for architecture, for it is one of the elemental ties to our past and to our future, because the buildings are the result of history. It is these connections between past and future, building and user, building and site, user and the natural site, which shape the spaces we dwell in. The intention of the study is to create architecture which promotes harmony within these connections between human habitation (future) and the natural world (past), through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and the natural surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition. The selected project is a production facility with a fly factory and integrated urban insectary, endangered insect containment research facility, harvesting a natural ecosystem on the old Rosema & Klaver Waterkloof Quarry site in Monument Park, South Africa. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This dissertation explores the potential to reorganize currently fragmented urban islands into a quality, unified civic space by means of a much needed mass transit inter-modal facility within the Menlyn precinct. It is proposed that the mass transport node be positioned above the Lois Avenue road level, in between existing retail nodes. The transport interchange shall therefore provide an elegant solution whereby Lois Avenue may be crossed, thereby allowing access to the retail nodes located on either side, as the existing sidewalks are not adequately designed for the multitude of commuters utilizing this area. In theory, this dissertation explores the possibility of Menlyn Park Shopping centre and Menlyn Piazza being an infrastructure component of urbanism with the ability, as in architecture, to form a human experience within the urban environment. This dissertation can furthermore contribute to the activity needed to make a transport interchange successful. The recently completed Gautrain and Johannesburg Bus Rapid Transport projects were investigated whereby it was identified that public transport is currently focused on getting commuters from one destination to the next as quickly as possible, while neglecting to attend to the manner in which the commuter arrives and experiences the transport node. The Transport Interchange shall also attempt to reduce the existing traffic congestion in the area which is predicted to deteriorate within the next 10 to 15 years. In conclusion, the aim of the transport interchange is to become a catalyst for increasing commuter density, while allowing improved access to, and providing more retail opportunities for, the Menlyn node as a whole. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This dissertation will investigate the role that architecture can play in the influencing of an existing food culture through the introduction of insect consumption (entomophagy). This alternative food source will be used to illustrate a more sustainable agricultural practice. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Through the passing of time we gain perspective of the past and thus we gain knowledge. Through the interpretation of this knowledge we can inform and evaluate our visions of and goals for the future. ‘Our knowledge of time lies in the very heart of our humanity. We learn from the past, we pass on that wisdom to the future, that has been the bedrock of our civilisation’ (OXLEY, P., & KAKU, M.,2007). This knowledge, also known as our cultural heritage, can take numerous forms such as literature, art, architecture, traditional dances, festivals, folk tales, cuisine, etc. Our cultural heritage is to be preserved for posterity and ‘should be protected and made publicly available, subject to requirements of security and privacy, and where this is culturally appropriate’ (Burra Charter,1999:Article 32). The phenomenon of slavery forms part of the cultural heritage of the world, Mauritius and specifically the Le Morne peninsula. Following the area’s inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a need arose for an Interpretation Centre to provide more information on the culturally significant area’s history. For the design of this facility, this thesis study proposes an experiment in interaction of space and emotion, where the container interacts with the user and induces sensations associated with the artefacts, taking the form of multi-media exhibitions, therefore using a variety of tools to induce a holistic, subjective and objective learning experience. Through this proposal the cultural heritage is to be interpreted and displayed to inform contemporary concepts and visions of the future amongst locals and tourists alike. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

In this study Disneyland is analysed as a model for the creation of an aesthetic of Postmodern consumer culture, hyperreality and semiotic content. It explores Postmodern society and its visual art preferences, whilst revealing an ubiquitous aesthetic for Postmodern spectator-consumers as actors on the proverbial Postmodern stage. The various manifestations of 'Disneyfied' consumerism, hyperreality and semiotic content collectively reveal a society saturated with mass media produced imagery and messages. In this milieu, this study explores the responsibilities as well as opportunities that are presented to the artist via a Disneyland aesthetic. These include the awareness of stereotypic information in the mass media, the exercise of responsible choice over complacent spectatorship, the celebration of newly acquired imagery, as well as the discovery of richer semiotic essences that assist a society in redefining itself. The central fear of an Orwellian 'Big Brother' syndrome and entertainment or mass media bombardment, indicates a central problem in Postmodern society. In this connection, spectator-consumers are saturated with American cultural goods via imagery, mass media messages, and fabricated 'hyperrealities' which are regarded as master narratives. The final emphasis is placed on responsible choice and meditated comprehension of personal spectatorship, as well as the manifestation of the latent power of mass media in the Information Revolution era. / AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie ondersoek Disneyland as 'n model vir 'n estetiek van Postmoderne verbruikerskultuur, hiperrealiteit en semiotiese inhoude. Dit stel ondersoek in na die Postmoderne gemeenskap se spesifieke visuele kuns voorkeure, terwyl dit 'n onvermydelike estetika vir die Postmoderne toeskouer-verbruiker as protagonis in die Postmoderne milieu bied. Die onderskeie manifestasies van 'Disneyland-tipe' verbruik, hiperrealiteit en semiotiese inhoude skets 'n gemeenskap wat gelei word deur beeldmateriaal en boodskappe wat in die massa media voorkom. Hierdie arena bied vir die visuele kunstenaar sekere verantwoordelikhede en moontlikhede. Die studie weerspieel die wyse waarop die kunstenaar bewus moet bly van stereotipiese data wat in die massa media tentoongestel word, verantwoordelike keuses in plaas van blote passiewe toeskouerskap moet beoefen en nuwe jukstaplasings van beelde moet aanmoedig sodat waardevolle semiotiese essensies nuutgevonde definisie aan 'n gemeenskap kan gee. Die sentrale vrees vir Amerikaans-georienteerde media en vermaaklikheids oorheersing bly kommerwekkend in die Postmoderne gemeenskap. Toeskouer-verbruikers word deurgaans oorval met Amerikaanse kulturele goedere in die vorm van beelde, massa media boodskappe en nagemaakte hiperrealiteite. Die studie ondersteun die belangrikheid van verantwoordelike keuse en 'n begrip vir die manifestasie van die magsbeheer van die massa media in die era van die Inligtings Omwenteling. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1996. / Visual Arts / Unrestricted

The methodologies of Modernism and Industrialization and the rigorous application thereof, in isolation, led to a condition where space and place is fragmented, segregated and disconnected by lost, decayed and left over space. It separated the spatial and experiential whole from the human user who inhabits; depends on and experience the space, and failed to contribute to a meaningful livable public realm. The loss in character; uniqueness and indigenous meaningfulness have led to a condition where humans are alienated from their original invention for community: the city. The inter-relational connection between ecological-; anthropological- and technological systems are disconnected resulting in a condition where resource consumption and availability are no longer in relational proportion to one another and where revolutionary intervention is needed to ensure the continuation of the current living standard and requirements of humanity without degrading the quality for future generations. This dissertation focuses on the reintegration of anthropological; ecological and technological systems into a holistic, co-habitational intervention on urban; building and detail scale and the establishment of a human and nature centric spatially orientated framework. Attempting to reconsolidate lost; fragmented; left over; mechanistic&decayed space and structure along the ecological corridor of Hammanskraal Industrial zone. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This dissertation focuses on the re-conceptualization of Pretoria Central Business District (CBD), grounding the hypothesis within Paul Kruger Street. The author aims to provide a newfound approach to this historical connection, transforming the interpretative experience of the urban environment as a stage from where the city operates as a place of fantasy, covet, and imagination. The project will demonstrate how the inception of a Virtual Landscape can renew perceptions of the city and pave the way towards a new paradigm. Grounding the Virtual Landscape within a real world scenario, the final phase of the dissertation aims to position this ideology of the imagined landscape within a real world context. The Virtual Landscape aims to inform the grounded design proposal, adding to the experience of place and time. The user’s understanding of place cannot be separated from time. The motivation behind the dissertation exists as a critique on the city of Pretoria, where the in situ experience of place is thin, and the experience is swiftly forgotten. The findings from the investigation of the Virtual Landscape constructed the hypothesis as a contributor to the thickening of the place that extends beyond the veneer. The research question originates from the theory of the Virtual Landscape, questioning whether this theory can be applied within contemporary landscape architecture design. The hypothesis is introduced on five sites in Pretoria on a framework level as representations of the Virtual Landscape. One site is selected and tested against the process of the Virtual Landscape from its influences, the Virtual Landscape, representations of the Virtual Landscape and the material landscape (design proposal). The final stage of the dissertation investigates the technical resolution of the design proposal. / Dissertaion ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted