This thesis aims to analyse Argentinean radio broadcasting in the 1950s and especially how this medium issued the so-called radio theatre that the audience received in their everyday life. More precisely it is investigated how radio theatre in the 1950s is remembered today, both by listeners who took part in these broadcasts and how it is remembered in the media. Of special interest is what is articulated as specific about its form and how radio theatre was integrated in and changed everyday life. The audience was not only able to receive radio theatre but was also able to contribute with their own stories. Argentina was one of the pioneering countries in the field of broadcasting, performing its first radio broadcast on August 27, 1920, in the city of Buenos Aires. The Argentinian radio broadcasting was a place of entertainment, information, social and political discussions. One of the main changes in Argentina radio broadcasting happened in 1929 in Buenos Aires. This change was influenced by the first broadcast of radio theatre. In the beginning, radio plays were about stories of “gauchos” (in English cowboys) and folklore, provoking enthusiasm amongst the audience. Argentina radio theatre continues to develop with the introduction of gender-oriented goals which became significant successful. The radio play began to cover the whole family`s interest. Argentina radio theatre caused a significantly change in its audiences’ customs throughout the country. This thesis research has adopted the Media Memory studies theories and is based on Bertolt Brecht’s theory of radio as well as McQuail`s audience theory. Additionally, this study is situated and looked at in a wider framework of previous research conducted by Barfiel, Hilmes & Loviglio, Brandt and Crook. To reach the objective of this study, 17 semi- structured qualitative interviews have been conducted with Argentinians who lived in different cities and listened to radio plays during the 1950s. The results of this research project demonstrate that nowadays, radio theatre audiences from the 50s reflect on and feel nostalgic about the way they used to listen to radio dramas in those days. More specifically, about waiting for the broadcast to start, gathering with the family around the radio set, or talking to friends or relatives about the episode of the day. In addition, radio play audiences reflect positively on the opportunity to meet in person the actors of the radio plays when they were on tour in Argentina. Moreover, this study illustrates that nowadays, Argentinian media also remember radio theatres through publishing articles that refer to them.

Magical realist fiction is marked by a striking abundance of animals. Analysing magical realist novels from Australia and Canada, as well as exploring the influence of two seminal Latin American magical realist narratives, this thesis focuses on representations of animals and animality. Examining human-animal relationships in the postcolonial context reveals that magical realism embodies and represents an idea of feral animality that critically engages with an inherently imperialist and Cartesian humanism, and that, moreover, accounts for magical realism's elusiveness within systems of genre categorisation and labelling. It is this embodiment and presence of animal agency that animates magical realism and injects it with life and vibrancy. The magical realist writers discussed in this dissertation make use of animal practices inextricably intertwined with imperialism, such as pastoral farming, natural historical collections, the circus, the rodeo, the Wild West show, and the zoo, as well as alternative animal practices inherently incompatible with European ideologies, such as the Aboriginal Dreaming, Native North American animist beliefs, and subsistence hunting, as different ways of positioning themselves in relation to the Cartesian human subject. The circus is a particular influence on the form and style of many magical realist texts, whereby oxymoronically structured circensian spaces form the basis of the narratives‟ realities, and hierarchical imperial structures and hegemonic discourses that are portrayed as natural through Cartesian science and Linnaean taxonomies are revealed as deceptive illusions that perpetuate the self-interests of the powerful.

Esta pesquisa busca examinar a presença de protagonistas-narradores em idade avançada e sua atuação nas narrativas ficcionais brasileiras publicadas na primeira década do século XXI. O objetivo é investigar a narrativa ficcional brasileira contemporânea que dá voz ao velho, permitindo que atue como sujeito e narrador da história, revelando a sua trajetória, o seu envelhecimento e o seu olhar sobre a sociedade. Para tanto, toma-se como corpus principal os livros Heranças, de Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, de Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, de Milton Hatoum e O arroz de Palma, de Francisco Azevedo, cujo mote é uma espécie de autobiografia da personagem ficcional que, velha e experiente, faz um balanço da própria vida, apresentando ao leitor a sua história, ao mesmo tempo em que permite entrever certas passagens da história nacional. Pretende-se verificar as semelhanças, aproximações e diferenças que tais obras guardam entre si, bem como a possível relação com outras narrativas. Também será examinado o romance Milamor, de Livia Garcia-Roza que, diferente dos demais, traz uma personagem-narradora feminina, em vias de tornar-se idosa. A partir da análise do corpus, intenta-se averiguar em que medida a voz dos velhos está presente, bem como as questões relacionadas à velhice e/ou ao envelhecimento, ao lado de temas e fatos concernentes ao percurso histórico do país e a inserção (ou exclusão) dos velhos no cenário atual. Apesar do crescimento demográfico de indivíduos velhos no Brasil e em outras partes do mundo, sua voz não se faz ouvir de modo satisfatório; impera ainda o silenciamento das e sobre as pessoas velhas. A presença de diferentes obras trazendo à tona narradores velhos, todavia, acena como um indício de novas perspectivas no que se refere à compreensão e representação do envelhecimento e da velhice. / This research seeks to examine the presence of protagonist-narrators in old age and his performance in Brazilian fictional narratives published in the first decade of this century. The aim is to investigate the contemporary Brazilian fictional narrative that gives voice to the old people, allowing them to act as main character and narrator of the story, revealing their path, their aging and their gaze on society. To this end, we take as the main corpus the books Heranças, by Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, by Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, by Milton Hatoum and O arroz de Palma, by Francisco Azevedo, whose subject is a kind of autobiography of the fictional character that, old and experienced, takes stock of his life, showing to the reader his history, while allowing a glimpse of certain passages of national history. It is intended to verify the similarities, approximations and differences that such works have among themselves as well as possible links with other narratives. It will also be examined the novel Milamor, by Livia Garcia-Roza, that, unlike others, brings a character-female narrator, in the process of becoming old. From the corpus of analysis, an attempt is made to ascertain to what extent the voice of the old is present, as well as issues related to aging, along with themes and facts concerning the historical development of the country and the inclusion ( or exclusion) of the old people in the current scenario. Despite the population growth of older individuals in Brazil and other parts of the world, your voice is heard not satisfactorily; still rules their silencing. The presence of different works bringing up old narrators, however, looks an indication of new prospects with regard to the understanding and representation of aging and old age. / Esta investigación busca estudiar la presencia de protagonistas-narradores en edad avanzada y su actuación en las narrativas de ficción brasileñas publicadas en la primera década de este siglo. El objetivo es investigar la narrativa de ficción brasileña contemporánea que les da voz a los viejos, permitiendo que actúen como sujeto y narrador de la historia, revelando su trayectoria, su envejecimiento y su mirada sobre la sociedad. Para eso, tomamos como corpus principal los libros Heranças, de Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, de Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, de Milton Hatoum y O arroz de Palma, de Francisco Azevedo, cuyo tema es un tipo de autobiografía del personaje de ficción que, viejo y experimentado, hace un balance de su propia vida, presentando al lector su historia, al mismo tiempo que nos permite vislumbrar algunos momentos de la historia nacional. Se pretende verificar las similitudes, diferencias y aproximaciones que dichas obras tienen entre sí, como también la posible relación con otras narraciones. También se examinará la novela Milamor, de Livia Garcia-Roza, que a diferencia de las otras tiene un personaje-narrador femenino, en camino de convertirse en vieja. A partir del análisis del corpus, se intenta determinar en qué medida la voz del anciano está presente, como las cuestiones relacionadas con la vejez y/o el envejecimiento, junto a los temas y los hechos relacionados con la evolución histórica del país y la inclusión (o exclusión) de personas viejas en el escenario actual. A pesar del crecimiento demográfico de individuos viejos en Brasil y en otras partes del mundo, su voz no se hace oír de modo satisfactorio. Sin embargo, la presencia de diferentes obras que sacan a la luz a los narradores ancianos se muestra como una señal de nuevas perspectivas en cuanto a la comprensión y la representación del envejecimiento y la vejez.

Esta pesquisa busca examinar a presença de protagonistas-narradores em idade avançada e sua atuação nas narrativas ficcionais brasileiras publicadas na primeira década do século XXI. O objetivo é investigar a narrativa ficcional brasileira contemporânea que dá voz ao velho, permitindo que atue como sujeito e narrador da história, revelando a sua trajetória, o seu envelhecimento e o seu olhar sobre a sociedade. Para tanto, toma-se como corpus principal os livros Heranças, de Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, de Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, de Milton Hatoum e O arroz de Palma, de Francisco Azevedo, cujo mote é uma espécie de autobiografia da personagem ficcional que, velha e experiente, faz um balanço da própria vida, apresentando ao leitor a sua história, ao mesmo tempo em que permite entrever certas passagens da história nacional. Pretende-se verificar as semelhanças, aproximações e diferenças que tais obras guardam entre si, bem como a possível relação com outras narrativas. Também será examinado o romance Milamor, de Livia Garcia-Roza que, diferente dos demais, traz uma personagem-narradora feminina, em vias de tornar-se idosa. A partir da análise do corpus, intenta-se averiguar em que medida a voz dos velhos está presente, bem como as questões relacionadas à velhice e/ou ao envelhecimento, ao lado de temas e fatos concernentes ao percurso histórico do país e a inserção (ou exclusão) dos velhos no cenário atual. Apesar do crescimento demográfico de indivíduos velhos no Brasil e em outras partes do mundo, sua voz não se faz ouvir de modo satisfatório; impera ainda o silenciamento das e sobre as pessoas velhas. A presença de diferentes obras trazendo à tona narradores velhos, todavia, acena como um indício de novas perspectivas no que se refere à compreensão e representação do envelhecimento e da velhice. / This research seeks to examine the presence of protagonist-narrators in old age and his performance in Brazilian fictional narratives published in the first decade of this century. The aim is to investigate the contemporary Brazilian fictional narrative that gives voice to the old people, allowing them to act as main character and narrator of the story, revealing their path, their aging and their gaze on society. To this end, we take as the main corpus the books Heranças, by Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, by Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, by Milton Hatoum and O arroz de Palma, by Francisco Azevedo, whose subject is a kind of autobiography of the fictional character that, old and experienced, takes stock of his life, showing to the reader his history, while allowing a glimpse of certain passages of national history. It is intended to verify the similarities, approximations and differences that such works have among themselves as well as possible links with other narratives. It will also be examined the novel Milamor, by Livia Garcia-Roza, that, unlike others, brings a character-female narrator, in the process of becoming old. From the corpus of analysis, an attempt is made to ascertain to what extent the voice of the old is present, as well as issues related to aging, along with themes and facts concerning the historical development of the country and the inclusion ( or exclusion) of the old people in the current scenario. Despite the population growth of older individuals in Brazil and other parts of the world, your voice is heard not satisfactorily; still rules their silencing. The presence of different works bringing up old narrators, however, looks an indication of new prospects with regard to the understanding and representation of aging and old age. / Esta investigación busca estudiar la presencia de protagonistas-narradores en edad avanzada y su actuación en las narrativas de ficción brasileñas publicadas en la primera década de este siglo. El objetivo es investigar la narrativa de ficción brasileña contemporánea que les da voz a los viejos, permitiendo que actúen como sujeto y narrador de la historia, revelando su trayectoria, su envejecimiento y su mirada sobre la sociedad. Para eso, tomamos como corpus principal los libros Heranças, de Silviano Santiago, Leite Derramado, de Chico Buarque, Órfãos do Eldorado, de Milton Hatoum y O arroz de Palma, de Francisco Azevedo, cuyo tema es un tipo de autobiografía del personaje de ficción que, viejo y experimentado, hace un balance de su propia vida, presentando al lector su historia, al mismo tiempo que nos permite vislumbrar algunos momentos de la historia nacional. Se pretende verificar las similitudes, diferencias y aproximaciones que dichas obras tienen entre sí, como también la posible relación con otras narraciones. También se examinará la novela Milamor, de Livia Garcia-Roza, que a diferencia de las otras tiene un personaje-narrador femenino, en camino de convertirse en vieja. A partir del análisis del corpus, se intenta determinar en qué medida la voz del anciano está presente, como las cuestiones relacionadas con la vejez y/o el envejecimiento, junto a los temas y los hechos relacionados con la evolución histórica del país y la inclusión (o exclusión) de personas viejas en el escenario actual. A pesar del crecimiento demográfico de individuos viejos en Brasil y en otras partes del mundo, su voz no se hace oír de modo satisfactorio. Sin embargo, la presencia de diferentes obras que sacan a la luz a los narradores ancianos se muestra como una señal de nuevas perspectivas en cuanto a la comprensión y la representación del envejecimiento y la vejez.

80 percent of Clara Schumann‘s playbills in her complete collection of concert programmes (Robert-Schumann-Haus Zwickau) include vocal participation of solo singers, choirs or actors. The question is to which extent Clara Schumann used to accompany these vocal contributions herself on the piano. Only rarely are other accompanists named on the concert playbills, but evidence from concert reviews suggests that these vocal contributions normally served as rests for the solo pianist. Sometimes separate accompanists are named in the concert reviews. In orchestral concerts it was usually the conductor who accompanied solo songs on the piano, not the solo pianist. The Popular Concerts in St. James’s Hall in London were chamber concerts, which had a regular accompanist who was labelled as „conductor“ though there was no orchestra participating. These accompanists sometimes also performed with instrumentalists, e. g. basso continuo music from the 18th century or piano reductions of orchestral concerts.

Emil Behnke was a highly esteemed vocal pedagogue of the late nineteenth century. Perhaps rare for the time, the art and science of teaching vocal methods of speech and singing was a Behnke family business, one that Emil shared with his wife and daughter, who were both named Kate. Indeed, Emil's daughter, Kate Emil Behnke, was equally regarded and valued in the field of vocal pedagogy, carrying her father's teachings into the twentieth century. Meanwhile, the elder Kate Behnke, wife to Emil and mother to Kate Emil, was responsible for administering and building upon her husband's innovative methods of speech therapy, establishing her own reputation as a speech healer. The Behnke family published no less than fourteen books, cumulatively. Largely forgotten today, the purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biography and the pedagogical methods and works of the Behnke family, and to contextualize these methods within the framework of trusted vocal pedagogy, both historic and current.

La maladie de Huntington résulte d'une expansion de glutamines dans la protéine huntingtine. Cette mutation lui confère de nouvelles propriétés, dont celle de s'agréger et de produire une neurodégénérescence, qui malgré l'expression ubiquitaire de la huntingtine mutée, est spécifique du striatum. L'objectif de ce travail consistait à explorer le rôle de la dopamine dans cette vulnérabilité striatale. Après avoir démontré que la huntingtine mutée est capable d'activer la voie pro-apoptotique JNK/cJun dans des cultures primaires de neurones striataux (Garcia, Charvin and Caboche, 2004), nous avons étudié l'influence de la dopamine dans ce modèle neuronal. Nous avons alors montré que la dopamine i) active la voie pro-apoptotique JNK/cJun en synergie avec la huntingtine mutée via la production de radicaux libres, ii) augmente la formation d'agrégats via l'activation des récepteurs D2, iii) augmente la toxicité de la huntingtine mutée à travers ces deux effets combinés. Ainsi, nos résultats suggèrent que la dopamine concourt à la vulnérabilité des neurones striataux exprimant la huntingtine mutée (Charvin et al., 2005). Nous avons ensuite évalué in vivo l'effet thérapeutique d'un traitement précoce avec un antagoniste des récepteurs D2 dans un modèle murin de maladie de Huntington. Chez des rats infectés dans le striatum par des lentivirus exprimant la huntingtine normale ou mutée, nous avons montré que l'halopéridol décanoate retarde la formation des agrégats et protègent les neurones striataux exprimant la huntingtine mutée (Charvin et al., soumis). Ces travaux mettent en évidence un rôle potentialisateur de la dopamine dans la vulnérabilité des neurones striataux à la huntingtine mutée et ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles de thérapies pour la maladie de Huntington.