Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioACCML.pdf: 1705634 bytes, checksum: f22226bd97d25642406a8283a0b23a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-24 / In a country of continental dimensions as Brazil, one of the top challenges to its economic growth is the logistic related to energetical demand supply. We live now in the era of environmental protection and, in this new context of priorizations, it passes trough the search for alternative energies for the energetic matrix, due the petroleum elevated costs in the global market (and its finitude), but also due its pollution over the environment. This attempt of substitution needs solutions related to the national reality, into a national long term developing plan and based at a juridical-economic analysis of its realization. This study will look for, also based in an economical analysis, the juridical legitimity of choosing natural gas as the new protagonist of national economic growth (as a substitute of petroleum) and the necessary boost that must be done by law, based on an economic policy focused strictly for that fact, as a modifying agent of this reality. This study, therefore, will always be turned to a constitutional aspect, respecting the principles of economic order and the goal of reducing regional inequalities, which must influence the making off of a developing plan. At the end, it will try to demonstrate the juridical viability of such undertaking, tuned in jus-economical criteria. Another goal is related to the analysis of the natural gas industry, due the regulation of its transport has a major importance for national energetic integration, not only because this activity be characterized as a net industry, still under control of a natural monopoly, but also because the competitive or cooperative profile that should be priorized at the beginning of the economic planning for this activity (such as investment policies and its own rules that will submit private agents) / Em um pa?s de dimens?es continentais como o Brasil, tem-se como um dos principais desafios para o seu crescimento econ?mico a quest?o log?stica relativa ? capacidade de suprimento de demanda energ?tica. Vive-se atualmente a era da defesa do meio ambiente e, neste novo contexto de prioriza??es, passa-se pela busca da substitui??o da matriz energ?tica, seja pela necessidade decorrente dos altos custos do petr?leo no plano internacional (e da finitude das reservas), como tamb?m pelo grave desgaste ecol?gico por ele gerado. Essa tentativa de substitui??o precisa de solu??es focadas na realidade nacional, num plano estrat?gico de desenvolvimento a longo prazo e na an?lise da viabilidade jur?dico-econ?mica da sua realiza??o. Buscar-se-?, neste estudo, sem descurar de uma an?lise econ?mica de fundo, verificar a legitimidade jur?dica da op??o pelo g?s natural como novo protagonista do desenvolvimento nacional (em substitui??o ao petr?leo) e a necess?ria indu??o a ser exercida pelo direito, via uma pol?tica econ?mica voltada estritamente para tal fato, como agente modificador dessa realidade. O estudo, portanto, estar? voltado sempre no plano constitucional, subordinado aos princ?pios da ordem Econ?mica e da busca pela redu??o das desigualdades regionais, que devem permear a elabora??o do plano de desenvolvimento. Procurar-se-? demonstrar, ao final, a viabilidade jur?dica do empreendimento, sintonizada em crit?rios jus-econ?micos, e tamb?m que, na ind?stria do g?s natural, a regula??o do seu setor de transporte exerce import?ncia crucial para a integra??o energ?tica nacional, n?o apenas por se tratar tal atividade de uma ind?stria de rede, ainda sujeita ao monop?lio natural de uma ?nica empresa, mas tamb?m pelo perfil competitivo ou cooperativo a ser priorizado quando se for desenvolver o planejamento econ?mico do setor (tanto a pol?tica de investimentos, quanto ?s pr?prias regras que submeter?o os agentes econ?micos privados)

The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of oil and natural gas flows in Eurasia and maps Ukraine's transit position in the regional oil and gas supply chain. The aim of the thesis is to objectively evaluate possibilities of Eurasian energy integration by enlargement of the European energy market further to the East and to prospect Ukraine's involvement into a new geopolitical energy alliance, driven by EU. This dissertation builds up on economical, geographical, historical and political premises of markets integration as well as system approach of energy alliances development. It argues that (i) energy integration on contrary to traditional economic stream can be explained by system approach and geopolitical stream of energy expansionism; (ii) EU infrustructural oil and gas projects imply deeper integration of EU member-states with involed non-members and (iii) Ukraine's oil and gas transit status within Eurasian region facilitates its growing involvement into EU energy intiatives guided by the European rules. The thesis is organized into three chapters. The first one is predominately theoretical and seeks to summarize current theoretical approaches towards integration and trends of energy markets in Eurasia. The second chapter introduces the role of oil and gas transport capacities and Ukraine's transit status in resolving disparities of Eurasian energy supply chain. The third chapter describes condition of Ukrainian oil and gas infrastructure and tackles issues for reformation of national oil and gas transit pipelines. Securing access to energy supplies has been a driving factor of global development since the industrial revolution. Increasing demand for oil and gas has undermined energy and economic security of world centers. In Eurasia Europe and Asia has been competing for fossil fuels originating from Russia, Middle East and Central Asia. Since recently Eurasian energy security problem is being solved by development of new supply routes. These infrastructural projects are initiated by oil and gas consumers, suppliers and transitors competing over control in the infrastructure. Such competition destabilises Eurasian relations, leads to energy "wars", political conflicts and increases supplies disruption risks. To secure stability of energy supply chain producers, transitors and consumers of oil and gas resources should integrate, closely cooperate and jointly invest into improving the existing supply routes and efficiency of fuels consumtion, production and transportation. Oil and gas should be traded for technologies and capital securing control in the infrustucture of mutual interests. Development of further bilateral and multilateral tools of joint interest would also help in resolving energy related contradictions of the participating parties. The leading role in driving energy integration in Eurasia belongs to the EU being the most mature and advanced integration grouping in Eurasia. EU realises TEN-e projects and from recently a common foreign energy policy aimed to strengthen external cooperation with oil and gas suppliers and transitors, including Ukraine. Since 1970s Ukraine has been an important oil and gas transitor for Russian and Central Asian oil and gas to Europe. Ukrainian pipelines intermediate 10 % of oil and 50 % of gas imports of Europe. To counterbalance Russian energy diplomacy over Ukraine, EU is supporting Ukraine's efforts in such energy alliances as INOGATE or GUAM. Ukraine's recent accession to the South Eastern-European Energy Community should improve stability of gas and oil supplies to Europe and facilitate reformation of national transit capacities.

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L’analyse du droit applicable aux relations sur l’approvisionnement du gaz russe dans l’UE a démontré l’impuissance du droit international de l’énergie, ainsi que les insuffisances du droit local russe et de celui des pays de l’UE et de l’UE. La solution globale à tous les problèmes pourrait être la fourniture de garanties favorisant les opérations d’achat-vente de gaz entre Gazprom et les entreprises des pays de l’UE et le développement des relations de la participation directe des entreprises russes et de l’UE sur les marchés. Les bases de la réglementation de ces relations pourront être fixées dans le nouvel Accord international entre la Russie et l’UE et dans la législation locale. / The current legal rules restrain the development of both frameworks now existing – that is, long-term contracts and opened-up markets. The solution to this problem could be the maintain of the first group of relations and the development of the second group. Therefore, it is important to suggest an alternative framework. The basis of such alternative framework could be fixed in an international treaty between Russia, EU and the member-states. This new regulation will also require the adjustment of the local legislation.