The purpose of this study has been to look into and analyze the view on sex equality in textbooks and teaching media, and teaching of a group of upper secondary school teachers, through a gender perspective. The teachers teach subjects within social- and political science. The two questions that I wanted to answer are: What views do the teachers have on sex equality in their teaching? What views do the teachers have on sex equality in the teaching media (textbooks and other teacher media) which they have access to? Since I wanted to look into the teachers own views I chose unstructured interviews as the method of gather empirical information. To interpret the transcribed texts I chose the hermeneutic view of people as intentional. I interviewed six teachers in an upper secondary school, four men and two women. I have interpreted the interviews through a gender perspective, based on theories by Yvonne Hirdman, Maria Hedlin, Ylva Elvin-Nowak, Heléne Thomsson and Britt-Marie Thurén. Theories that have been acknowledged are gender, gender making, the male norm, structure, how to integrate sex equality, mentors and models, and feminism. Previous researches that I have focused on are thesis of Eva Gannerud, and Victoria C Wahlgren. The conclusion of the study is that some of the teachers’ did not think that most of the textbooks they used contained an aspect of sex equality, some of them seldom used textbooks and if they wanted a sex equality aspect of the teaching they had to find supplement material on their own. In my analysis I found that the teachers felt responsibility but did not feel that they had room for increased teaching by adding sex equality to the existing lesson material. I argue that the responsibility should not lie on the individual teacher to figure out supplement for sex equality aspects on their own, but the responsibility should lay on the school system as a whole, teachers training included.

The essay deals with hierarchies that occurs between inmates in prison. It deals with a theory that these hierarchies, when seen through a gender perspective, can be understood as a hierarchy where you are valued based on traditional male characteristics. Empirically, the paper consists of interviews with five inmates, or former inmates, who during a period in his life, has served a prison sentence at a closed institution. Based on the informants' statements, conclusions are drawn about which properties are valued low in the hierarchy. This becomes clear when the informants speak humiliating about sexually deviant groups, snitches, or sex offenders. Those who are highly valued are those who have committed acts of violence and express a violent attitude, and other traditionally male characteristics. Hierarchy occurs much because of the frustration and powerlessness the inmates are experiencing and their need to dominate each other.

No description available.

<p>I förskolans läroplan beskrivs att pedagoger ska lägga stor vikt vid att uppmuntra varje barn till att utveckla sitt språk. Under verksamhetsförlagda delar av utbildningen och arbete på förskolor har vi sett att små barn ibland får stå åt sidan för att gynna verksamhet för äldre barn. Att låta barn utveckla sitt språk med stöd av pedagoger och en social miljö är något som påverkar oss resten av livet. Att behärska språket är en nödvändighet i samhället. Syftet med studien är att synliggöra verksamma pedagogers arbete med ett- till treåringars språkutveckling i förskolan. Studien syftar vidare till att påvisa eventuella skillnader i språkligt bemötande ur genusperspektiv. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på fyra observationer och fyra intervjuer, vilka är genomförda på två olika förskolor. Resultatet presenterar pedagogers arbetssätt och tankar bakom arbetet med språkutveckling, vilka möjligheter respektive hinder de ser och deras tankar bakom bemötande av flickor och pojkar ur språkutvecklingsperspektiv. I resultatet framkom att pedagogerna arbetar med språket på många sätt på förskolan, till exempel genom samlingar, vardagliga möten med barnen och genom att minska barngrupperna för att få mer tid för varje barn. I arbetet med språket ser pedagogerna möjligheter att använda sig av samlingen som pedagogiskt redskap men även utnyttja de vardagliga mötena. Pedagogen själv kan vara ett hinder om inte tiden finns för samtal med barnen då en viktig del av språkstimulansen går förlorad. Vissa pedagoger ser inga hinder alls för språkutvecklingen. Beträffande eventuell skillnad i bemötande gentemot flickor och pojkar visar resultatet att pedagogerna inte gör någon märkbar skillnad utan de alla har värderingen att bemöta alla barn lika. Slutligen diskuteras resultatet i relation till litteraturen och våra egna reflektioner. Studiens slutsats är att uppmuntran, benämning och bekräftelse kännetecknar det språkliga bemötandet i pedagogernas arbete med små barns språkutveckling.</p> / <p>In the curriculum of the nursery school it is said that the teachers shall lay stress on encouraging each child to develop his/her language. During trainee work of the education and the work at nursery schools, we have been witnessing young children step aside in the favour of the older children’s activity. Letting children develop their language with the support of the teachers and a social surrounding affects them for the rest of their lives. Controlling the language is a necessity in the society. The purpose with this study is to visualise how active teachers are thinking and working with a language education for one- to three-year-olds. The study aims further to point out any differences in a linguistic treatment from a gender perspective. The study is qualitative and it is based on four observations and four interviews, which are carried out at two different nursery schools. The result presents the teachers’ way of working and thoughts behind the work with language education, what possibilities and obstacles they see and their thoughts behind the treatment of girls and boys from a language developing perspective. In the result it appeared that the teachers work with the language in many different ways at the nursery school, for instance by gatherings, everyday meetings with the children and by reducing the children groups to gain more time for each child. In the work with the language, the teachers see the possibilities of using the gathering as an educational tool and utilising the everyday meetings as well. The teacher him/her self can be an obstacle if there is no time for talk with the children, whereas an important part of the language stimulation is lost. Some teachers don’t see any obstacles whatsoever for the language development. Regarding a possible difference in the treatment against girls and boys, the result shows that teachers don’t make any remarkable distinction, but they all share the value of treating every child equally. Finally, the result is discussed in the relation to the literature and our own reflections.</p>

No description available.

The present paper will analyze, in the first place, the state of reconciliation of work, personal and family life, pointing those deficiencies that are presented, and the obstacles on the development of this right. Additionally, it will analyze if the establishment of a basic income could be an incentive to this reconciliation or, to the contrary, it could have an adverse effect, this seen from a gender perspective. / El presente estudio analizará, en primer lugar, el estado de la conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y laboral, señalando aquellas carencias que presenta y los obstáculos del desarrollo de este derecho. Adicionalmente, se analizará si el establecimiento de una renta básica puede ser un incentivo a la conciliación, o en cambio sería perjudicial, esto último visto desde la perspectiva del género.

Titel: I Sverige omfattas alla kvinnor och flickor av mänskliga rättigheter–inte bara vissa. En kvalitativ studie om olika svenska aktörers arbete med hedersrelaterat våld. Författare: Therese Blomqvist Studiens syfte var att ta reda på hur olika aktörer i Sverige arbetar med hedersrelaterat våld, om de skiljer det från våld i nära relationer och ur vilket perspektiv de ser HRV, samt hur arbetet kan förbättras. För att besvara dessa frågor har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av intervjuer med fyra oberoende personer som arbetar med hedersrelaterat våld på olika organisationer och föreningar i Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av begreppen könsperspektiv och kulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet har visat att de flesta intervjupersonerna särskiljer hedersrelaterat våld från våld i nära relationer och att de till stor del ser hedersrelaterat våld ur ett kulturellt perspektiv. Vidare har studien visat att detta kulturella perspektiv påverkar deras arbetsmetoder och att en del av förbättringarna som behöver göras inom fältet handlar om kulturella aspekter såsom en bättre integration och en ökad kompetens inom polisen. Även förändringar på strukturell nivå föreslogs av intervjupersonerna, som att samma regler ska gälla alla så att man inte har specifika badtider för kvinnor, vilket är ett exempel på könsperspektivet. Nyckelord: hedersrelaterat våld, kulturellt perspektiv, könsperspektiv, arbetsmetod, organisation. / Title: In Sweden all women and girls are included in the human rights–not just some. A qualitative study about different Swedish organization´s work with honour-related violence. Author: Therese Blomqvist The aim of this study was to examine how different organizations in Sweden work with honour related violence, if they separate it from domestic violence, how their work can improve and if the work can improve by seeing the honour related violence as a cultural phenomenon. To answer these questions a qualitative method have been used through out interviews with four independent professionals who work with honour related violence in different organizations and associations in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed by using the concept gender perspective and cultural perspective. The result showed that most of the participants separate honour related violence from domestic violence and that they mostly regard honour related violence from a cultural perspective. Furthermore, the study has shown that it affects their work methods and that some of the improvements that is necessary within the field are about cultural aspects, such as a better integration and higher competence within the police force. Also changes on a structural level such as the same rules should apply for everyone so there are no specific rule that separetes men and women when they bathe, which is an example of the gender perspective. Keywords: honour related violence, cultural perspective, gender perspective, work method, organization.

With Legal pluralism, a state has more than one legal system in which rights can be attributed to citizens through private or religious actors. Lebanon has established religious family law through the constitutional charter, in which personal status is delegated to the country’s different confessions to govern. Citizens of different confessions are thus assigned different rights which particularly tends to affect the rights of women.  In this study, the impacts of Lebanon's legal pluralism on the legal status of women is being examined to give an understanding of how the legal system from a gender perspective, and to examine how the outcome affects women’s everyday life by the coexistence of religious and civil courts. The study also examines how Lebanon, with its current constitution, can fulfill the international law obligations stemming follow from the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Through legal methods and semi-structured interviews made with civil society, legal and academic persons in Beirut - the current laws in Lebanon were analyzed based on the concepts of gender, male dominance, and private and public sphere to visualize the relationship of gender and its significance in the Lebanese legal system. The results of the study show that legal pluralism in Lebanon can be understood in relation to how the complex history of the country has influenced the formation of the judicial system in which a male norm is dominating. The rights of women have been thrust to the private sphere and a masculine norm permeates the Constitution, family law and civil laws, which creates gender segregation in society. Thus, gender affects the legal status of women and the impacts of legal pluralism affect their daily lives negatively as their legal status is subordinate to men regarding marriage and its dissolution, custody of children, and nationality.                       Regarding the Conventional right, the study shows that the current constitution allows for space to fulfill CEDAW. Thus, the protection of the Convention is not being fully implemented in neither the personal status related laws or civil laws. However, Lebanon has reservations towards key articles of the Convention which result in that the full potential of the Convention is not maintained. / Rättslig pluralism innebär att en stat har fler än ett rättssystem och att rättigheter tillämpas av statliga och privata aktörer. Libanon har genom konstitutionen etablerat religiös familjerätt som innebär att medborgare tillskrivs olika rättigheter efter trosbekännelse vilket särskilt påverkar kvinnor rättsliga ställning. I denna studie undersöks hur rättslig pluralism kan förstås ur ett genusrättsvetenskapligt perspektiv samt hur det påverkar kvinnors rättsliga ställning i Libanon. Studien undersöker även hur Libanon, med den nuvarande konstitutionen, kan uppfylla de internationella förpliktelser som följer av konventionen om avskaffande av alla former av diskriminering mot kvinnor (CEDAW). Genom rättsdogmatisk metod, genusrättsvetenskap samt semi-strukturerade intervjuer med civilsamhället, akademiker samt rättstillämpare i Beirut, har gällande rätt i Libanon analyseras utifrån begreppen genus, manlig dominans och privat och offentlig sfär för att visualisera förhållandet mellan kön och dess betydelse i det libanesiska rättssystemet. Resultaten visar att rättslig pluralism i Libanon kan förstås i förhållande till landets komplexa historia som har påverkat bildandet av det rättsliga systemet där en manlig norm präglar konstitutionen, familjerätten och civilrättsliga lagar vilket skapar könssegregering i samhället. Utfallet påvisar att det råder motsättningar mellan konstitutionella rättigheter vilket påverkar att kvinnors rättsliga ställning främst behandlas inom den privata sfären och blir undantaget som rättighetsinnehavare. I det dagliga samhället underordnas kvinnors rättsliga ställning avseende äktenskapet och dess upplösning, vårdnad av barn och nationalitet, i förhållande till den rättsliga ställning som män innehar. Avseende folkrättsliga förpliktelser visar studien att den nuvarande konstitutionen ger utrymme att uppfylla CEDAW. Dock följer av gällande rätt och Libanons reservationer mot centrala artiklar i konventionen hinder vilka innebär att konventionen inte upprätthålls.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-02T20:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Nayara de Lima Monteiro.pdf: 96774882 bytes, checksum: e1bb4a39acefa01050e3f4aedaaf5461 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T20:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Nayara de Lima Monteiro.pdf: 96774882 bytes, checksum: e1bb4a39acefa01050e3f4aedaaf5461 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-10 / CAPES / The research in question has as its general theme the construction of mainstreaming a gender perspective in Mercosur from the action of three actors inside the Meeting of Ministers and High Authorities Woman of Mercosur (RMAAM): national mechanisms for the promotion of gender, the movement of women / feminist and international cooperation. For the success of such construction, throughout history of Mercosur, this happens to be also interpreted as an instrument of political and social integration between their companies and as an independent form of international position. Moreover, the transformations on the world stage for the performance of the feminist movement/women by guaranteeing their rights, the consequences of the Fourth UN World Conference on Women in 1995, the creation of institutional bodies which deal with the themes of woman and Gender influenced, in 1998, the created of Mercosur Specialized Meeting of Women (REM) with the intention to discuss the "equal opportunities" in Mercosur. In 2011, the legal and political status of Meeting of Ministers and High Authorities is achieved by connecting the meeting directly to the Common Market Council, conductor organ of block. Thus, this research aims to present the state of the art on the construction of gender mainstreaming in Mercosur, whose specific objectives are: a) analyzing the importance of the women's movement/feminist internationally and Latin American rights to conquer and transform patriarchal culture to another cultural landmark gender equity; b) presenting the relevance of the inclusion of gender in areas such as Mercosur, to visualize how the "high politics" is not yet open to participation of feminist/women; c) evaluate the relationships of power and domination that bare in mind the political transformation of this integration, when gender equality is to be mainstreamed put in their design and substance. To justify this work, weigh up the scope of the political practice of the women's movement/feminist in the Latin American scene, particularly, and their influence on the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in Mercosur. This research also aims to collaborate with transnational studies and with the inclusion of new actors in international relations and aims to contribute to desmarginalize the area of study of International Relations, that Gender and Feminism research in order to make visible their own epistemology and methodology, showing the relevance of their demands and analysis. That revealed, there will be a tour of the theoretical discussions of international relations to understand the link of internationalist feminist approaches to this field of study. The sense of the international category of feminism will be examined and how Mercosur fits into this scenario. The confluence of International Relations will also be considered with the movements of women/feminist in international scenarios and hispanic, in view of universality secondary category given to females, according to Ortner (1974). Soon after, the state of the art of mainstreaming a gender perspective by RMAAM and the main points of this forum agenda will be presented, from the conformation of this meeting through the advocacy of women's movement/feminist, international cooperation and exchange of experiences between national delegations that are part of the forum. Finally, the challenges and achievements of mainstreaming, from two phenomena that stood out during the study will be analyzed: international cooperation and the participation of women's movements/feminists, since they have a direct connection with the strengthening of RMAAM. As background, the power relations that influence positively and negatively in ranges or not the objectives of the forum will be visualized, it cames to the conclusion that there are already clear advances in the construction of gender mainstreaming and the complexity of actors and political settings involved in that case, the path is still long to achieve a culture of gender equality from the MERCOSUR level work performed. The analysis was done through literature review, desk research, the minutes and documents RMAAM provided on his official page on the web that show how was your constitution and general overview of your activity on the block. In addition, semi-structured interviews with representatives of social organizations that are within the RMAAM and representatives of national gender mechanisms that coordinate the meeting. The scripts were structured questions were asked not to stifle the response of the interviewees in order to increase familiarity the researcher with the social actors who directly participate in research object and proposed to modify/clarify concepts to support the synthesis result of this research. However, to achieve these objectives, we used the feminist epistemology, with the empirical research is concerned in visualizing what is unseen. / A pesquisa em questão tem como tema geral a construção da transversalização da perspectiva de gênero no Mercosul a partir da atuação de três atores dentro da Reunião de Ministras e Altas Autoridades da Mulher do Mercosul (RMAAM): os mecanismos nacionais de promoção de gênero, o movimento de mulheres/feminista e os entes da cooperação internacional. Para o êxito de tal construção, ao longo da história do Mercosul, este passa a ser interpretado também como um instrumento de integração político-social entre as suas sociedades e como uma forma independente de inserção no cenário internacional. Além disso, as transformações no cenário mundial relativas à atuação do movimento feminista/de mulheres pela garantia dos seus direitos, as consequências da IV Conferência Mundial da ONU sobre a Mulher em 1995, como a criação de institucionalidades que tratam sobre os temas de Mulher e Gênero, influenciaram para que, em 1998, fosse criada a Reunião Especializada da Mulher do Mercosul (REM) no intuito de debater as “igualdades de oportunidades” no Mercosul. Em 2011, o status jurídico-político de Reunião de Ministras e Altas Autoridades é alcançado conectando a reunião diretamente ao Conselho Mercado Comum, órgão condutor do bloco. Assim, esta pesquisa objetiva apresentar o estado da arte sobre a construção da transversalidade do gênero no Mercosul, cujos objetivos específicos são: a) analisar a importância do movimento de mulheres/feminista a nível internacional e latino-americano na conquista de direitos e transformação da cultural patriarcal para outro marco cultural de equidade de gênero; b) apresentar a relevância da inclusão do gênero em âmbitos como o Mercosul, para visibilizar como a “alta política” ainda não é aberta à participação feminista/de mulheres; c) avaliar as relações de poder e dominação que travam a transformação política desta integração, quando a equidade de gênero é posta para ser transversalizada no seu desenho e substância. Para justificar este trabalho, ponderam-se os alcances da prática política do movimento de mulheres/feminista no cenário latino-americano, particularmente, e a sua influência para a transversalização da perspectiva de gênero no Mercosul. Esta pesquisa também visa colaborar com os estudos transnacionais sobre a inserção dos novos atores nas Relações Internacionais e pretende contribuir com desmarginalizar a área de estudos das Relações Internacionais que pesquisa Gênero e Feminismo, no intuito de visibilizá-la, a partir de suas epistemologia e metodologia próprias, mostrando a relevância das suas demandas e análises. Posto isto, será feito um percurso pelos debates teóricos das Relações Internacionais para compreender o elo internacionalista das abordagens feministas deste campo de estudo. Será analisado o sentido da categoria internacional dos feminismos e como o Mercosul insere-se nesse cenário. Será considerada, também, a confluência das Relações Internacionais com os movimentos de mulheres/feminista nos cenários internacional e latino-americano, tendo em vista a universalidade de categoria secundária dada ao gênero feminino, segundo Ortner (1974). Logo após, será apresentado o estado da arte da transversalização da perspectiva de gênero pela RMAAM e os principais pontos da agenda deste foro, a partir da conformação dessa reunião por meio da incidência política do movimento de mulheres/feminista, da cooperação internacional e o intercâmbio de experiências entre as delegações nacionais que fazem parte do foro. Por fim, serão analisados os desafios e as conquistas da transversalização, a partir de dois fenômenos que se destacaram no transcorrer da pesquisa: a cooperação internacional e a participação dos movimentos de mulheres/feministas, pois apresentam uma conexão direta com o fortalecimento da RMAAM. Como plano de fundo, serão visibilizadas as relações de poder que influenciam positiva e negativamente nos alcances ou não dos objetivos do foro, chegando-se à conclusão de que já existem avanços nítidos na construção da transversalização e que pela complexidade de atores e cenários políticos envolvidos nesse processo, o caminho ainda é longo para lograr uma cultura de equidade de gênero a partir do trabalho desempenhado a nível Mercosul. A análise foi feita através de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, pelas atas e documentos da RMAAM, disponibilizados na sua página oficial na web, que mostram como se deu a sua constituição e o panorama geral da sua atividade no bloco. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das organizações sociais que estão dentro da RMAAM e com representantes dos mecanismos de gênero nacionais que coordenam a reunião. Os roteiros de perguntas foram estruturados para não engessar a resposta das entrevistadas com o propósito de aumentar a familiaridade da pesquisadora com os atores sociais que participam diretamente do objeto de pesquisa proposto e modificar/clarificar conceitos para fundamentar a síntese decorrente deste trabalho. Ainda assim, para conseguir tais objetivos, foi usada a epistemologia feminista que, junto à pesquisa empírica, ocupa-se em visibilizar o que é invisível.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons participé au débat autour de la stratégie des féministes institutionnelles d'intégration du genre dans le milieu du développement international. Cette stratégie vise la transformation des discours et des pratiques de ce milieu pour y intégrer les questions d'équité de genre. Nous nous sommes posé la question de l'efficacité et la validité de cette stratégie comme façon de travailler pour l'égalité homme-femme. Ainsi, nous avons analysé la construction, appropriation locale et effets d'un projet "genre" de la Banque Mondiale. Lors de la planification et mise en œuvre du projet Generosidad, les féministes institutionnels/elles ont eu une marge de manœuvre par rapport à la construction du discours de perspective de genre et ont pu s'assurer que les programmes du projet soutenaient la démocratisation des relations homme-femme dans les milieux privés et publics. Au niveau local, dans la ville de Pinotepa Nacional, les réactions des leaders qui ont participé à un atelier de sensibilisation en équité de genre du projet démontrent que, -même dans un milieu où il y a un fort machisme, beaucoup de violence, et des rôles de genre bien définis-les leaders locaux se sont appropriés certaines idées des ateliers pour démocratiser les relations de pouvoir. Ils sont ainsi devenus des acteurs dans la construction de la perspective de genre de ce projet, et dans le renforcement de la citoyenneté féminine locale. Nous avons donc conclu que la stratégie des féministes institutionnelles est valide, utile et nécessaire, mais insuffisante vu les résistances rencontrés par les leaders au moment d'essayer d'entamer des actions collectives. / This study aims to contribute to the debate surrounding the institutional feminist strategy of integrating gender into the development field. This strategy advocates the transformation of development discourse and practice through the integration of gender equality concerns. In this work, we examine the effectiveness and validity of this strategy as a means to achieve greater equality between men and women. Thus, we have analyzed the construction, the appropriation and the effects at the local level of a World Bank “gender” project. Institutional feminists involved in planning and implementing the Generosidad project had some flexibility in constructing the project's gender perspective discourse; and were thus able to make sure its programs followed feminist objectives, such as the democratization of gender relations in public and private spheres. The reactions of leaders at the local level who participated in a gender equality and leadership awareness-raising workshop in the city of Pinotepa Nacional show that –even in a context fraught with machismo, violence and well-defined gender roles –local men and women leaders appropriated certain ideas in order to democratize the balance of power between the genders. In so doing, they became actors in the construction of the project's gender perspective, and in reinforcing women's citizenship. We therefore concluded that the institutional feminist strategy is valid, useful and necessary, if not sufficient due to the fact that resistances encountered locally blocked the leaders' efforts for collective action.