Notion faisant l’objet de nombreuses occurrences dans les textes des différents ordres juridiques, le développement durable est difficilement saisissable en droit. Son sens même est hétérogène. D’une part, ce terme peut se référer à la recherche d’une finalité de solidarité mettant l’accent sur les droits des générations futures, et par conséquent, sur la protection de l’environnement en tant que patrimoine commun. D’autre part, le développement durable est aussi défini comme un objectif de conciliation dans le cadre duquel l’exigence environnementale doit s’articuler avec d’autres piliers relatifs au développement économique et au progrès social. Le droit résultant de l’organisation institutionnelle territoriale n’échappe pas au problème de l’appréhension et de la définition de cette notion à contenu variable, qu’il s’agisse de l’encadrement l’action administrative, ou de la réforme des collectivités et de leurs groupements.Pour autant, le développement durable est incontestablement en voie de consolidation juridique, tant sur le plan de sa finalité que sur le plan de la méthode pour y parvenir. À ce propos, on peut relever le renforcement du principe de responsabilité environnementale ou l’émergence d’un principe de non-régression de la protection de l’environnement.Les différents principes relatifs au développement durable ont une influence certaine sur le fonctionnement même des collectivités territoriales. La démocratie environnementale est significative d’une certaine autonomisation juridique de la démocratie par rapport au concept classique de la représentation. Réciproquement, les mutations relatives à la recompositionterritoriale posent la question de leurs influences sur les politiques publiques promouvant cette notion-clé de la Charte de l’environnement. / Despite its numerous uses in many juridical orders : sustainable development has differents meanings. On one hand, it means that the environment needs to be protected in order to guarantee rights of future generations. On the other hand, sustainable development is equally defined as the conciliation between environmental policies, economical development and social progress. Territorial restructuring drafts are confronted at this polysemous concept.In spite of this difficulty, sustainable development is consolidated by french public law in his finality as far as its means. About that, standstill principle and environmental responsability enhance this theory.Other principles contibute to sustainable development realization. Environmental democracy takes an independence compared to the classical reprensentative democracy’s concept. In reciprocity, territorial restructuring keeps an influence on public policies about this constitutionnalized notion since the 2005’s Environnemental Carta.

Ces dernières années, les métamatériaux acoustiques sont largement étudiés pour leur intérêt dans la réalisation de divers types de contrôle des ondes à une échelle sub-longueur d’onde. En particulier, les métasurfaces acoustiques ont montré leur capacité à manipuler des ondes en limites de milieux de propagation via les processus de réflexion, de transmission et de réfraction. Contrairement au régime linéaire qui concerne l’immense majorité des travaux sur les métamatériaux acoustiques, les études sur les propriétés non linéaires des métamatériaux, de surcroit des métasurfaces, restent peu nombreuses, malgré la possibilité de générer des phénomènes acoustiques riches et variés. Les principaux freins au développement des métamatériaux non linéaires sont l'efficacité généralement faible de la réponse non linéaire et le manque de contrôle sur cette non-linéarité. Les travaux de recherche présentés ici ont donc pour objectif de concevoir des architectures de métasurfaces élastiques, permettant un contrôle des ondes acoustiques dans le régime non linéaire. En particulier l’effet de conversion d’une onde fondamentale vers son deuxième harmonique est étudié dans le processus de réflexion et de transmission unidirectionnelle. Cela nécessite le design de la non-linéarité élastique, qui est réalisé à base de modélisations discrètes de systèmes masses-ressorts et d'architectures composées d'éléments tournants. Les métasurfaces ainsi conçues, résonantes et à non-linéarité contrôlée, permettent de générer des effets non linéaires acoustiques inhabituels, potentiellement intéressants pour la manipulation d'ondes acoustiques. / In recent years, acoustic metamaterials have proven to be of great interest for their ability to achieve a variety of wave control at sub-wavelength scale. In particular, acoustic metasurfaces have shown their ability to manipulate waves from the boundaries of propagation media, via the reflection, transmission and refraction processes. Unlike the linear regime which has been extensively investigated in acoustic metamaterials, studies of the nonlinear acoustic properties of metamaterials, especially nonlinear acoustic metasurfaces, are quite scarce, despite the possibility to lead to a rich and diverse set of non-trivial acoustic phenomena. The key limitations in the development of nonlinear acoustic metamaterials are the typically weak efficiency of their nonlinear response together with the lack of control on this nonlinearity. This PhD research is thus dedicated to the design of nonlinear elastic metamaterial and metasurface architectures, enabling acoustic wave control in the nonlinear regime. Specifically, the conversion effect from a fundamental wave to its second harmonic is studied through the one-dimensional scattering process (reflection and transmission) by metasurfaces. This requires the elastic nonlinearity management, realized via the discrete modeling of lumped-element systems and architectures made of rotating units. Such designed metasurfaces, resonating and with harnessed nonlinearity, can create unusual nonlinear acoustic effects, potentially interesting for wave control. This research open the path to a more systematic study of nonlinear acoustic wave manipulation by metamaterials.

We study skill- and income-related differences in the access to health care as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To do so, we develop an overlapping generations model populated by heterogeneous agents subject to endogenous mortality. We model two groups of individuals for whom differences in skills translate into differences in income and in the ability to use medical technology effectively in curbing mortality. We derive the skill- and age-specific individual demand for health care based on the value of life, the level of medical technology and the market prices. Calibrating the model to the development of the US economy and the longevity gap between the skilled and unskilled, we study the impact of rising effectiveness of medical care in improving individual health and examine how disparities in health care utilisation and mortality emerge as a consequence. In so doing, we explore the role of skill-biased earnings growth, skill-bias in the ability to access state-of-the art health care and to use it effectively, and skill-related differences in health insurance coverage. We pay attention to the macroeconomic feedback, especially to medical price inflation. Our findings indicate that skill-bias related to the effectiveness of health care explains a large part of the increase in the longevity with earnings-related differences in the utilisation of health care taking second place. Both channels tend to be reinforced by medical progress.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Noemi Goncalves do Prado.pdf: 1106175 bytes, checksum: 280ab4d08944cc837c166294168d900b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-13 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The object of this research will be to present the context of the recent Brazilian History, through the 1980 s Generation, recognizing it as a Transitional Generation, making the paradigms, the theoretical perspectives and the slopes of political thought from the end of the twenty century explicit, through the generational intersection that makes it dynamic. Considered by some the Decade of the Political Revival, or the Death of Utopias, for others, it will be in this conflict care that the period of the Decade that Cannot Be Lost will be characterized. To deepen in those premises, concepts were listed as: Generation, Memory, Resistance, Praxis and Utopia, debated by Sociology, Education, Social Psychology, Economy and History, emphasizing, not only, but mainly, the Marxist vision taken by different historical moments and by several theoreticians. To unmask such task we appealed in a panoramic approach to the development of concepts in theoreticians as Mannheim, Halbwachs, Bobbio, organizing the historical contextualization from Hobsbawm, and the Pedagogy discussed by the theoretical vision of Gramsci. The result will be in the development of a field of Praxis and Resistance Culture undertaken by the teachers vanguard, through the multiple axis: Social Movements; Political Movements Unions; reorganization of the reminiscent Left Parties; the foundation of the Workers Party; and the intense debates registered in the core of the Brazilian Intellectuality of the period, standing out in the area of Education Curriculum / O objeto desta pesquisa será apresentar o contexto da recente história brasileira, através da Geração 1980, reconhecendo-a enquanto uma Geração Transicional, explicitando os paradigmas, as perspectivas teóricas e vertentes do pensamento político do final do século XX, através da intersecção geracional que a dinamizou. Considerada por alguns a Década do Renascimento Político, ou a Morte das Utopias, para outros, será no desvelamento desse conflito que se caracterizará o período como a Década Imperdível. Para o aprofundamento dessas premissas, foram elencados conceitos como: Geração, Memória, Resistência, Práxis e Utopia debatidas pela Sociologia, Educação, Psicologia Social, Economia e História, dando ênfase, não apenas, mas principalmente, ao viés marxista tomado por diferentes momentos históricos e por diversos teóricos. Para desvendar tal empreitada recorreremos em uma abordagem panorâmica ao desenvolvimento dos conceitos em teóricos como Mannheim, Halbwachs, Bobbio, organizando a contextualização histórica a partir de Hobsbawm, e a Pedagogia discutida pelo viés teórico de Gramsci. O resultado estará no desenvolvimento de um campo de Cultura de Práxis e Resistência empreendida pela vanguarda de professores, através de múltiplos eixos: Movimentos Sociais; Movimentos Político - Sindicais; reorganização dos remanescentes Partidos de Esquerda; a fundação do Partido dos Trabalhadores; e os intensos debates registrados no interior da Intelectualidade brasileira do período, destacando-se a área de Educação Currículo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIVINA DE FATIMA DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1549718 bytes, checksum: 53bc0e887521a0d04b8b43bef68c9fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / The dissertation is a study about the content of letters used as a means of communication between the elderly and children, analyzing the type of interaction experienced between them and identifying the meanings of this exchange. This is a qualitative study based on interviews with elderly and on data collected from letters written by students of adult education (Education for Youths and Adults) with ages ranging from 18 to 72 years in literacy process and the regular education children aged between 8 and 10 years who attended one of the units of the network SESI-SP - Social Service Industry of São Paulo. The exchange of letters between these students occurred during the years 2008 and 2009. The matters covered in the letters started several discussions, and to facilitate understanding, in this study they are presented in the form of topics such as religion, dreams, the right words, the world of work and retirement, the otherness, the pictographic communication, the communication by symbols and the exchange of glances, all equally compelling, because they caused reflections by both the children and the elderly. The analysis of the data makes it possible to determine the characteristics of the subjects involved and indicates that the exchange of letters promotes interaction among students, as well as the process of changing attitudes and building ethical values that are very important in school, family and social life of both the elderly and the participating children. The changes through these experiences can provide or facilitate a healthier coexistence between different generations within the school and the various social spaces of everyday life. These findings indicate the importance of interdisciplinary studies with focus on the question of the relationship between generations / A dissertação constitui-se num estudo sobre o conteúdo de cartas, utilizadas como forma de comunicação entre idosos e crianças, visando verificar a forma de interação vivenciada entre eles e a identificar os significados desta troca. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada em entrevistas com idosos e nos dados coletados das cartas escritas por estudantes do curso da EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) com idades variando entre 18 e 72 anos em fase de alfabetização e pelas crianças do ensino regular com idades entre 8 e 10 anos que frequentam uma das unidades da rede SESI-SP - Serviço Social da Indústria de São Paulo. A troca de cartas entre os estudantes ocorreu no período de 2008 e 2009. Os assuntos abordados nas cartas deram abertura para inúmeras discussões, e para facilitar a compreensão, neste estudo elas apresentam-se na forma de temas como: religiosidade, sonhos, as palavras certas, o mundo do trabalho e a aposentadoria, a alteridade, a comunicação pictográfica e por símbolos e a troca de olhares, todos igualmente envolventes, pois provocaram reflexões tanto por parte das crianças quanto por parte dos idosos. A análise dos dados, além de permitir a caracterização dos sujeitos envolvidos, aponta que a troca de cartas promove a interação dos estudantes e favorece o processo de mudança de atitudes e de construção de valores éticos importantes na vida escolar, familiar e social tanto dos idosos quanto das crianças participantes. As alterações ocorridas por meio dessas vivências podem propiciar ou facilitar um convívio mais saudável entre diferentes gerações no âmbito da escola e nos mais diferentes espaços sociais da vida cotidiana. Estas constatações indicam a importância de estudos interdisciplinares com foco na questão da intergeracionalidade

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-13T11:40:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivia Dantas Ribeiro Zanardo.pdf: 1618994 bytes, checksum: 8c87bb8b64ac2855c0e3990ff10f5629 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T11:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivia Dantas Ribeiro Zanardo.pdf: 1618994 bytes, checksum: 8c87bb8b64ac2855c0e3990ff10f5629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In view of the difficulties presented by teachers, managers and researchers regarding how to work with young people, adults and the elderly, with very different profiles that compose the classrooms of the Youth and Adult Education (called EJA), this research proposed to investigate possibilities for the construction of a curriculum, based on Freirean references, that can respond to the intergenerational context. The theoretical reference used to understand and analyze the data produced was based mainly on Freirean categories and on authors who research the profiles of the Youth and Adult Education. The field study had a qualitative approach and was developed through a case study in a school unit that specifically offers the Youth and Adult Education. The procedures used were semi-structured interviews with teachers, students, management team and pedagogical guides. The elements identified, from the answers of the different subjects and in the light of the Freirean categories, were analyzed and compared with the documents produced by the Municipal Department of Education of São Bernardo do Campo. We highlight the factors that colaborate for a school that engages itself to work with a critical-liberating proposal in order to meet the circumstances of the EJA’s intergenerational classrooms. It is therefore proposed to indicate ways that contribute to the education of teachers in this modality of education / Em face às dificuldades apresentadas por professores, gestores e pesquisadores no tocante a como trabalhar com jovens, adultos e idosos, com perfis muito diferentes que compõem as salas de aula da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), a presente pesquisa propôs-se a investigar possibilidades de construção de um currículo, apoiado em referenciais freireanos, que possa atender ao contexto intergeracional. O referencial teórico utilizado para compreender e analisar os dados produzidos apoiou-se, principalmente, em categorias freireanas e em autores que pesquisam os perfis da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O estudo de campo teve abordagem qualitativa e foi desenvolvido por meio de um estudo de caso em uma unidade escolar que atende especificamente a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os procedimentos utilizados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, educandos, equipe gestora e orientadoras pedagógicas. Os elementos identificados, a partir das respostas dos diferentes sujeitos e à luz das categorias freireanas, foram analisados e confrontados com os documentos produzidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Bernardo do Campo. Destacam-se os fatores que colaboram para uma escola que se propõe a trabalhar com uma proposta crítico-libertadora para atender às circunstâncias das salas intergeracionais da EJA. Propõe-se, assim, indicar caminhos que contribuam para a formação de educadores nessa modalidade de educação

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the available time management tools to evaluate the market and that are used in practice and most popular. The first part describes the existing principles of time and perception of time in terms of individuals and groups. A separate subsection is devoted to defining the concept of time management and description of the generations of time management. The second part is no longer specifically mentioned time management tools available on the Czech market. They are divided into two categories, and the devices used to control the time and the methods and principles of time management. The third part focuses on the evaluation questionnaires, which aimed to determine the use and popularity of time management tools. Specific findings and evaluation are summarized in the final part of the work.

Some business leaders find it challenging to manage individuals from different age groups; this is an issue, as organizations in many developed countries become more age-diverse. The purpose of this single case study was to provide business leaders with information about strategies top-level business executives and team leaders at a large company in Curaçao (a developed island nation in the Caribbean) use for enhancing productivity of an age-diverse workforce. The conceptual framework of this study consisted of generational theory of Mannheim. A key tenet of the generational theory includes that belonging to the same generational unit, generational location, and generational actuality shapes the beliefs, values, and attitudes of members of a generational cohort collectively. Data from interviews and company documentation that included an annual report, business guide, and performance management documentation were coded and analyzed using NVivo software, and member checking was used to enhance the trustworthiness of interpretations. Key themes that emerged from data analysis include the need to use communication strategies, foster equal treatment of employees, implement employee development plans, and adopt a structured approach for addressing issues related to age-diversity. Implementation of the different strategies and recommendations identified in this study might aid business leaders in their effort to manage an age-diverse workforce and increase workplace productivity. Implications for social change include the potential to improve empathy and relations between individuals from different generations and the cultivation of a more cohesive society.

La tesi si colloca nel filone di letteratura dell' Acceleratore Finanziario, che si è sviluppato a partire dagli anni 90. Il lavoro prende le mosse dai modelli di Kiyotaki e Moore (KM,1997, 2002) e di Greenwald e Stiglitz (GS 1993, 2003). L'obiettivo è quello di tentare di rispondere ad alcuni quesiti che sorgono spontaneamente dallo studio di questa tipologia di modelli, inquadrando le idee proposte in una modellistica teorica adeguata. La tesi si compone di 7 capitoli. Nei primi due capitoli viene presentato e discusso, sia in chiave microeconomica che in chiave macroeconomica, il framework proposto da KM. Nel capitolo 3 si introduce il problema della bancarotta e si esplorano gli effetti di eventuali bancarotte sui mercati dei beni e sui mercati finanziari. Nel capitolo 4 viene presentato e discusso un articolo di Cordoba e Ripoll (2004a) nel quale gli autori sviluppano un modello à la KM introducendo il ruolo della moneta tramite l'approccio del Cash In Advance (CIA) constraint . Nel quinto capitolo viene presentato e discusso un contributo originale che introduce il ruolo della moneta nel modello di KM tramite l'approccio della Moneta nella Funzione di Utilità. Il modello è relativamente semplice possono emergere equilibri multipli e permette di esplorare gli effetti della politica monetaria sulle variabili macroeconomiche. Nel capitolo 6 si presenta un modello a generazioni sovrapposte à la Diamond-Samuelson utilizzando il framework di KM. In tale contesto la moneta ha essenzialmente il ruolo di riserva di valore (permette di incrementare il consumo e il bequest da vecchi), mentre il bequest rappresenta una risorsa a disposizione del giovane. In fine il modello presentato nel capitolo 7 è un esempio di un modello macroeconomico microfondato con vincoli finanziari e agenti eterogenei à la Greenwald-Stiglitz. Viene presentata una procedura di aggregazione che permette di ottenere le variabili macroeconomiche tenendo in considerazione il comportamento individuale degli agenti. Il modello può essere studiato tramite delle simulazioni in una struttura Agent-Based. / The dissertation could be traced back to the so called Financial Accelerator literature, that has been developed during the 90's. In particular it is essentially an attempt to adapt, modify or even subvert the basic framework proposed by Kiyotaki and Moore (KM,1997, 2002) and by Greenwald and Stiglitz (GS 1993, 2003) in order to provide answers to some questions that naturally arise from the study of these types of models. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 present and discuss the benchmark model, i.e. the framework put forward by KM, at the micro level (optimization problems of the different types of agents, market equilibrium) and at the macro level (laws of motion of macro state variables) respectively. In chapter 3 we study the conditions under which bankruptcy can occur and we explore the consequences of actual bankruptcies in terms of disruption of financial and goods markets. In chapter 4 we present and discuss a paper by Cordoba and Ripoll in which the role of money in a framework à la KM is introduced by means of the Cash In Advance (CIA) constraint approach. In chapter 5 we follow the Money In the Utility function (MIU) approach to introduce money in the original KM framework. The model seems very promising because is relatively simple, there can be multiple equilibria and the effect of a monetary injection can be explored in a straightforward way. In chapter 6 we model a KM economy in an OLG setting à la Diamond-Samuelson in which money plays basically the role of a store of value, which allows to increase consumption and bequest when old and bequest plays the role of internal resources for the young. The model presented in chapter 7 is an example of a microfounded macroeconomic model with financing constraints and heterogeneous agents of the Greenwald-Stiglitz type. An aggregation procedure is proposed in order to go from the individual to the aggregate variable. The model can be explored by means of simulations in an Agent-Based setting.

The intention behind this research was to reveal through two interpretive, inter-related studies the perceived needs of differently-labelled youth, collectively addressed in this thesis as ‘the New Generations’, exploring potentially viable ways of working with them in education. The first study focused on youth labelled Indigos, and the second study focused on exploring a possible way of working with the New Generations according to experienced teachers. Both studies drew on lived experience and opinions of educators who have acquired extensive experience respectively with the Indigo phenomenon and with the psychosynthetic educational model. The first study’s results revealed not only Indigos’ self-actualising and self-transcending characteristics and needs, but also indicated that holistic approaches to education appeared to have been successful with them. A further analysis of characteristics observed by special education experts indicated that differently-labelled youth also appear to be motivated by self-actualising and self-transcending tendencies, which highlighted the relevance of investigating holistic models for potential integration in mainstream education. Psychosynthesis was chosen for investigation in the second study, in that besides addressing self-actualising/transcending needs, it also integrates them within the psyche. The study explored how recent psychosynthesis-based educational projects might inform, and contribute to, holistic and mainstream education. Some innovative potential contributions to both holistic and mainstream education were found. Recent research on current tendencies, educational futures and global trends affecting a changing world would appear to emphasise the relevance of the contributions offered by the psychosynthesis model, hence to suggest the potential appropriateness of their fuller integration in mainstream education. However, an examination of study results and of the relevant literature on practices seems to indicate a tendency to transmit knowledge from past to future generations, irrespective of possibly changed needs, in both mainstream and holistic education. It is suggested that this potentially biased way of educating youth might need to be addressed on both fronts.